Advanced Level MCQ Questions on Systematics and Microbiology PDF

Advanced Level MCQ Questions on Systematics and Microbiology This document presents a comprehensive set of 45 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) based on the study of systematics, classification of organisms, and characteristics of viruses and bacteria. Each question is designed to challenge the unde...

Advanced Level MCQ Questions on Systematics and Microbiology This document presents a comprehensive set of 45 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) based on the study of systematics, classification of organisms, and characteristics of viruses and bacteria. Each question is designed to challenge the understanding of advanced concepts in biology, particularly focusing on the classification systems, features of organisms, and the structure and replication of viruses and bacteria. The answers are provided in a table format for easy reference. MCQ Questions 1. What is the primary focus of systematics in biology? A) Study of cellular structures B) Study of organism relationships and evolutionary history C) Study of environmental impacts on organisms D) Study of genetic mutations 2. Who introduced the binomial nomenclature system? A) Charles Darwin B) Gregor Mendel C) Carl Linnaeus D) Louis Pasteur 3. In the Linnaean classification system, which of the following is the highest taxonomic rank? A) Species B) Genus C) Family D) Domain 4. Which of the following is NOT a feature used to classify organisms? A) Presence of a cell wall B) Mode of transportation C) Mode of nutrition D) Presence of specialized organelles 5. What are the three domains of life according to Woese's classification? A) Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya B) Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, Viruses C) Plants, Animals, Fungi D) Monera, Protista, Fungi 6. Which of the following is a characteristic of viruses? A) They have metabolic activity outside host cells. B) They can reproduce independently. C) They contain either DNA or RNA. D) They possess ribosomes. 7. What is the size range of viruses compared to bacteria? A) Larger than bacteria B) Similar in size to bacteria C) 10-1000 nm, smaller than bacteria D) 1000-10000 nm, larger than bacteria 8. What type of nucleic acid do retroviruses contain? A) Single-stranded DNA B) Double-stranded RNA C) Double-stranded DNA D) Single-stranded RNA 9. Which structure protects the viral genome from endonucleases? A) Nucleic acid B) Capsid C) Envelope D) Virion 10. What is the function of pili in bacteria? A) Locomotion B) Genetic exchange C) Nutrient absorption D) Protection from phagocytosis 11. Which of the following bacteria is known for producing antibiotics? A) Escherichia coli B) Streptomyces C) Staphylococcus D) Bacillus 12. What is the composition of a bacterial capsule? A) Lipids B) Polysaccharides C) Proteins D) Nucleic acids 13. Which type of bacteria has a thick peptidoglycan layer in its cell wall? A) Gram-negative B) Gram-positive C) Mycoplasma D) Archaea 14. What is the primary role of the plasma membrane in bacteria? A) Energy production B) Genetic material storage C) Selective permeability D) Protein synthesis 15. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses? A) They can infect living organisms.  B) They can reproduce outside of host cells. C) They are ultramicroscopic. D) They can be cultivated in living cells. 16. What is the term for viruses that have a lipid envelope? A) Naked viruses B) Enveloped viruses C) Retroviruses D) Bacteriophages 17. Which of the following is a method of virus cultivation? A) In nutrient agar B) In living cell cultures C) In distilled water D) In synthetic media 18. What is the primary function of the capsid in a virus? A) Energy production B) Protection of the viral genome C) Attachment to host cells D) Replication of viral particles 19. Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus? A) Tuberculosis B) Malaria C) Influenza D) Ringworm 20. What is the role of mesosomes in bacteria? A) Energy production B) DNA replication C) Protein synthesis D) Cell division 21. Which of the following is a characteristic of Gram-negative bacteria? A) Thick peptidoglycan layer B) Outer membrane C) Stains purple D) No cell wall 22. What is the primary mode of reproduction in bacteria? A) Binary fission B) Budding C) Fragmentation D) Sexual reproduction 23. Which of the following is a feature of eukaryotic cells? A) Lack of a nucleus B) Presence of membrane-bound organelles C) Unicellular only D) Prokaryotic structure 24. What is the function of the bacterial cell wall? A) Energy storage B) Protection and shape maintenance C) Nutrient absorption D) Genetic material storage 25. Which type of virus is known to cause cancer? A) Retroviruses B) Bacteriophages C) Naked viruses D) Enveloped viruses 26. What is the primary component of the bacterial capsule? A) Lipids B) Polysaccharides C) Proteins D) Nucleic acids 27. Which of the following is a characteristic of archaea? A) They are prokaryotic. B) They have peptidoglycan in their cell walls. C) They are found in extreme environments. D) They lack ribosomes. 28. What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? A) Size B) Presence of a nucleus C) Mode of reproduction D) Type of cell wall 29. Which of the following is a method of genetic exchange in bacteria? A) Transformation B) Transduction C) Conjugation D) All of the above 30. What type of nucleic acid do most viruses contain? A) DNA only B) RNA only C) Either DNA or RNA D) Both DNA and RNA 31. Which of the following structures is involved in bacterial locomotion? A) Capsule B) Flagella C) Pili D) Mesosomes 32. What is the primary function of the viral envelope? A) Protection from the immune system  B) Energy production C) Genetic material storage D) Protein synthesis 33. Which of the following is a common method for identifying bacteria? A) PCR B) Gel electrophoresis C) Gram staining D) All of the above 34. What is the role of the F-pilus in bacteria? A) Locomotion B) Genetic exchange C) Nutrient absorption D) Protection from phagocytosis 35. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses? A) They can infect living cells. B) They can reproduce independently. C) They are ultramicroscopic. D) They can be cultivated in living cells. 36. What is the main component of the bacterial cell wall? A) Lipids B) Peptidoglycan C) Proteins D) Nucleic acids 37. Which of the following is a characteristic of enveloped viruses? A) They lack a capsid. B) They are more resistant to environmental conditions. C) They can be easily destroyed by detergents. D) They are larger than naked viruses. 38. What is the primary mode of transmission for the influenza virus? A) Direct contact B) Airborne droplets C) Contaminated surfaces D) Vector-borne 39. Which of the following is a method of virus cultivation? A) In nutrient agar B) In living cell cultures C) In distilled water D) In synthetic media 40. What is the primary function of the bacterial capsule? A) Energy storage B) Protection from phagocytosis C) Nutrient absorption D) Genetic material storage  41. Which of the following is a characteristic of Gram-positive bacteria? A) Thin peptidoglycan layer B) Outer membrane C) Stains purple D) No cell wall 42. What is the primary function of the plasma membrane in bacteria? A) Energy production B) Genetic material storage C) Selective permeability D) Protein synthesis 43. Which of the following is a characteristic of viruses? A) They can reproduce independently. B) They have metabolic activity outside host cells. C) They contain either DNA or RNA. D) They possess ribosomes. 44. What is the primary role of the capsid in a virus? A) Energy production B) Protection of the viral genome C) Attachment to host cells D) Replication of viral particles 45. Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus? A) Tuberculosis B) Malaria C) Influenza D) Ringworm Answers Table | Question Number | Answer | |------------------|--------| | 1 |B | | 2 |C | | 3 |D | | 4 |B | | 5 |A | | 6 |C | | 7 |C | | 8 |B | | 9 |B | | 10 |B | | 11 |B | | 12 |B | | 13 |B | | 14 |C | | 15 |B | | 16 |B | | 17 |B | | 18 |B | | 19 |C | | 20 |A | | 21 |B | | 22 |A | | 23 |B | | 24 |B | | 25 |A | | 26 |B | | 27 |C | | 28 |B | | 29 |D | | 30 |C | | 31 |B | | 32 |A | | 33 |D | | 34 |B | | 35 |B | | 36 |B | | 37 |C | | 38 |B | | 39 |B | | 40 |B | | 41 |C | | 42 |C | | 43 |C | | 44 |B | by.Mahmoud Kamal | 45 |C |