Adolescent Nutrition PDF

Nutrition Through Lifecycle 2 Adolescent Nutrition Life cycle 1-Pregnancy 2-Lactation. 3-Infant(0-1 year) 4-Toddler(from 1-3 years) 5-Childhood. 3-Adolscent. 4-Adulthood. 5-Elderly. life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. 12/2/2023...

Nutrition Through Lifecycle 2 Adolescent Nutrition Life cycle 1-Pregnancy 2-Lactation. 3-Infant(0-1 year) 4-Toddler(from 1-3 years) 5-Childhood. 3-Adolscent. 4-Adulthood. 5-Elderly. life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. 12/2/2023 2 Alzahraa Motawei  Adolescence (Ages 9–19 years) Developmental period between childhood and adulthood 9–19 year Physical changes occur, including a growth spurt Height increases Weight increases due to bone growth and gains in lean body mass and body fat stores Hormonal changes occur including the onset of menstruation for females A healthy diet is necessary at this time to ensure adequate nutrients, especially calories, protein, calcium, and iron 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 3  Growth in Adolescence Puberty and continued organ system development Changes in body composition Growth rates and nutritional requirements for boys and girls diverge Total needs greater than at any other time of life! Adolescent growth spurt: 18-24 month period of rapid growth Girls: 10-13 years of age Boys: 12-15 years of age Nutritional status both during and leading up to this time affects growth and sexual maturation 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 4 Nutrition-Related Behaviors Desire for independence and individuality Making own food choices Having own transportation to access food Influence of peers, media, and nonparent role models Exposure to unrealistic or unsafe eating practices May lead to adoption of damaging habits 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 5 Nutritional Guidelines for Adolescents Period of rapid growth and change Fluctuating nutritional needs Concerns with body image Risks for eating disorders Adjustments to caloric needs based on physical activity level 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 6 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 7 Body Composition for Male and female  Nutrient needs for adolescents Energy and protein Highest total calories and protein grams per day Protein needs : 1.8- 2 g/kg/d Vitamins and minerals 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 9  Energy requirements 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 10 Nutrient Needs: Calcium ½ of peak bone mass accumulates in adolescence calcium = 1,300 mg for ages 9–18 years Inadequate calcium intake can lead to low peak bone mass and is a risk factor for osteoporosis 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 11 Nutrient Needs: Iron Additional iron supports muscle growth and increased blood volume Adolescent females need iron to support menstruation RDA for iron Females aged 14–18 years = 15 milligrams Males aged 14–18 years = 11 milligrams Iron deficiency is common in adolescence, especially among individuals who limit intake of enriched grains, lean meats, and legumes 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 12 Disordered Eating Disordered eating patterns are more prevalent in adolescent females than males May be linked with poor body image or low self-esteem Teens often adopt unhealthy habits such as Skipping meals Using food substitutes Taking diet pills or nutritional supplements Purging through vomiting, laxatives, or diuretics Eating family meals promotes healthy eating patterns 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 13  Weight Management in Adolescents Increase activity Model healthy eating Food choices Eating habits Mindfulness Provide healthy choices in the home Be very cautious if reducing intake is recommended Avoid denying or restricting foods Avoid any focus on appearance; focus rather on health Instead, replace empty-calorie foods in home with nutrient dense choices 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 14 Dietary Concerns with Adolescents & Teens influence of peers increases Fruits and vegetables likely to be lacking French fries: most commonly consumed vegetable Empty-calorie snack foods Snacks are important to meet increased caloric needs, so having healthy choices around is an important strategy Strategies for caregivers Prepare nutrient-dense meals in the home Engage kids in the growing and preparation of foods 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 15  Influences On Adolescent Food Intake 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 16 Other nutrition-related concerns Fitness and sports Acne Eating disorders Obesity 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 17 Quick Review Height and weight increase during the growth spurt in adolescence This prompts an increased need for calcium and iron Adolescents have increased power over their food decisions Soda and sports drinks may replace water and milk Peers and the media exert a strong influence on teens As a result, unhealthy habits may be formed Disordered eating may exist in teens with poor body image 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 18 Putting It All Together Exposure to a variety of healthy foods is necessary to promote good nutrition Picky eating is common, temporary behaviors obesity may result from overconsumption of calories, especially in the form of soda or candy Parents can serve as good role models by choosing healthy foods for themselves at family meals Adolescence is characterized by a growth spurt which increases calcium and iron needs A teenager’s eating habits may be influenced by peers or the media 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 19 Nutritional Assessment For Adolescents 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 20 Nutritional Assessment of Adolescents Participation in physical activity? Adhere to a specific diet or meal plan? Skip meals? Satisfaction with current weight? Consumption of snacks? Have you ever induced vomiting, used laxatives, diuretics, or diet pills to control weight? 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 21  Components of a Nutritional Assessment Nutritional history Physical assessment Anthropometric measurements Laboratory data Diagnostic data 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 22 Anthropometric Measures Height Weight Ideal body weight, percent IBW Triceps skinfold BMI Mid-arm circumference : MMC (cm) = mc (cm) - [.314 x triceps fatfold (mm)] Waist/hip ratio 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 23 BMI © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. Waist Circumference, BMI, and Disease Risk  BMI-for-age Charts 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 26 Nutritional History General diet information Changes in past 12 months Ability to obtain and prepare foods Food preferences Adherence to particular diet Consumption of fast foods 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 27 Nutritional History Food intake history 24-hour recall Food diary Calorie count Evaluation of adequacy of diet Food guide pyramid 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 28 Physical Assessment Head to toe Assess for subjective and objective signs and symptoms of poor nutritional status 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 29 Signs and Symptoms of Poor Nutritional Status Subjective data Fatigue Weight changes Changes in appetite Weakness Changes in bowel habits 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 30 Signs and Symptoms of Poor Nutritional Status Objective data Weight changes Dry, rough, scaly skin Dry, cracked lips Swollen, bleeding gums Edema Decreased muscle tone 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 31 Laboratory Data Hematocrit and hemoglobin Cholesterol and triglyceride levels Transferrin, TIBC, iron Total lymphocyte count Albumin and prealbumin Glucose Creatinine and nitrogen 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 32 12/2/2023 life cycle nutrition 2 lecture 1 Dr. Alzahraa Motawei 33