AC System PDF

AER 1 AND 2 A/C SYSTEM Presented by Group 4 SIMON JOHAN IAN KYLE ROMER JOHN PAUL KEANU HANDWRITTEN COPY: note* This handwritten copy is converted into text for easier dissemination of information. AIR CONDITIONING IN CAR refers to the system de...

AER 1 AND 2 A/C SYSTEM Presented by Group 4 SIMON JOHAN IAN KYLE ROMER JOHN PAUL KEANU HANDWRITTEN COPY: note* This handwritten copy is converted into text for easier dissemination of information. AIR CONDITIONING IN CAR refers to the system designed to control the temperature, humidity, and air quality inside a vehicle, ensuring a comfortable environment for passengers. It works by removing heat and moisture from the air inside the car and cooling it down. COMPRESSOR Its role is to put the necessary amount of pressure on (compress) the car's refrigerant in order to activate its heat- transfer characteristics and change temperatures. Freon is a commonly used refrigerant which is a kind of fluid that essentially makes cold air out of hot air. Car's engine propels the A/C compressor in its main role of compressing the refrigerant used to absorb the heated air inside the cabin of automobile. COMPRESSOR CONDENSER In a car's air conditioning (AC) system, the condenser is a key component that helps cool down the refrigerant and release heat from the system. BASIC PARTS OF CONDENSER Condenser Coils Inlet Condenser Fins Outlet 1. Condenser Coils Function: These are the tubes through which the refrigerant flows. The coils allow heat to be transferred from the refrigerant to the surrounding air. Material: Usually made of aluminum or copper, which have good heat conductivity. 2. Cooling Fins Function: These are thin metal fins attached to the coils to increase the surface area for heat dissipation. They help in transferring heat more efficiently to the air as the car moves. Material: Typically aluminum, as it conducts heat well and is lightweight. 3. Condenser Fan (if applicable) Function: In some cars, especially when stationary or moving slowly, the airflow may not be sufficient to cool the refrigerant. In this case, a fan is used to blow air over the condenser to enhance cooling. Location: Typically mounted close to or on the condenser itself. 4. Inlet and Outlet Pipes Function: The inlet pipe is where the high-pressure refrigerant gas enters, and the outlet pipe is where the liquid refrigerant exits after condensation. Material: These pipes are typically made of aluminum or steel for durability and heat resistance. Process of Condensation in a Car's AC System: Compressor Pressurizes Refrigerant: The AC system starts by compressing the refrigerant gas (like R-134a or R-1234yf) in the compressor. This increases its temperature and pressure. Refrigerant Enters the Condenser: The high-pressure, hot refrigerant gas flows into the condenser, usually located in front of the car's radiator. Cooling by Airflow: As the car moves, outside air flows over the condenser coils. This cools the refrigerant by removing heat from it. Condensation: The cooling causes the refrigerant to lose heat and transition from a gas to a liquid state. Liquid Refrigerant: The now-liquid refrigerant moves to the next component in the AC system (the expansion valve or receiver-drier), where it will eventually cool the air inside the car. RECEIVER DRYER The receiver dryer in a car's AC system works as a filter and moisture remover. It traps any dirt or debris that might enter the AC system, preventing damage to other components. Also, It temporarily stores refrigerant until it is needed for cooling. And lastly, Inside the receiver dryer is a desiccant material that absorbs moisture from the refrigerant, ensuring it stays dry. EXPANSION VALVE Expansion Valve regulates the flow of refrigerant from the high-pressure side (condenser) to the low-pressure side (evaporator). It reduces the refrigerant's pressure, causing it to cool and partially vaporize, enabling it to absorb heat from the cabin. This process ensures efficient cooling and maintains the desired temperature inside the vehicle. The valve adjusts refrigerant flow based on the cooling load, optimizing AC performance. EVAPORATOR The evaporator in a car's AC system absorbs heat from the cabin air. As warm air passes over the cold evaporator coils, the refrigerant inside absorbs the heat, cools the air, and returns it to the cabin, providing a cooler interior. BLOWER FAN The blower fan is responsible for circulating conditioned air throughout the cabin. By drawing air from outside or recirculating air within the vehicle, the blower fan ensures optimal temperature control and passenger comfort. RECYCLE BUTTON It allows the car to draw air from outside which helps ventilate the cabin. If the recycle button is ON, the HVAC system will block the air from the outside and recirculate the air from the inside of the cabin. CABIN AIR FILTER Cabin air filter helps remove the contaminants from the air drawn from the outside of the cabin.