Abdominal Vessels Outline PDF

Abdominal Vessels ================= Abdominal Aorta --------------- - Anatomy - 1^st^ Branch -- Celiac Trunk (or axis) - Branches into 3 arteries - Splenic artery - Low resistance waveform - Common hepatic artery...

Abdominal Vessels ================= Abdominal Aorta --------------- - Anatomy - 1^st^ Branch -- Celiac Trunk (or axis) - Branches into 3 arteries - Splenic artery - Low resistance waveform - Common hepatic artery - Branches into gastroduodenal artery (GDA) at pancreas head - Left gastric artery - 2^nd^ Branch -- Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA) - Supplies blood to parts of small intestines, some colon and pancreas - Pre-prandially = high resistance - Post-prandially = low resistance - 3^rd^ Branch -- Renal arteries - Rt renal artery longer than the left - Renal artery run posterior to veins - Rt renal artery runs posterior to IVC (REMEMBER the transverse view of pancreas to remember veins/arteries posterior/anterior) - Other arteries - Gonadal arteries - Inferior mesenteric artery - Supplies blood to the transverse colon, descending colon, and rectum - Iliac artery - Pathology - Aortic Aneurysm - True aneurysm affects all 3 layers of artery wall -- intima, media, adventitia - Measurement \>3cm - Most common location of AAA is infrarenal (below renal arteries) - Most common cause of AAA is atherosclerosis - AAA can be associated with; Marfan Syndrome, Syphillis, Family history, Infection - AAA caused by infection is called mycotic aneurysm - Types of AAA - Fusiform - Most common AAA - Saccular - - Abdominal Aortic Rupture - High morbidity rate - Greater than 7cm - Pt have symptoms of pulsatile abnormal mass - Pseudoaneurysm - AKA false aneurysm - Disruption of one or more layers in the vessel wall (seen as the "neck") - Caused by interventional procedure, surgery, or/and trauma - Seen as the yin-yang sign in color Doppler - Aortic dissection - Layers of artery separate, especially the intima - Marfan syndrome have increased risk of dissection - Marfan syndrome -- weakening of the intima wall Inferior Vena Cava ------------------ - Anatomy - Hepatic Veins - Most superior portion of the IVC - Has right, middle, and left hepatic veins - Waveform is pulsatile, and triphasic - Enlarged hepatic veins caused by - Budd-Chiari syndrome - occlusion of the hepatic veins - Congenital - Tumor invasion from HCC - Contraceptive use - Trauma - Often seen with right heart failure - Renal Veins - left renal vein is much longer than the right renal vein - Nutcracker Syndrome -- Compression of left renal vein between SMA and aorta - Low-velocity, continuous flow - Gonadal Veins - right gonadal vein connects to the anterior aspect of the IVC - left gonadal vein drains into the left renal vein - Common Iliac Veins - Pathology - IVC Thrombosis - IVC enlargement, absence of flow, and material noted within the IVC lumen - Treatment includes Greenfield filter/IVC filter - Prevents a pulmonary embolism - Tumor Invasion - Cause by; - Pediatric -- Wilm's Tumor (nephroblastoma) - Renal transitional cell carcinoma Portal Vein ----------- - Anatomy - Main portal vein measures \