Rédaction du mémoire de Master PDF

Atelier de projet de mémoire REDACTION SCIENTIFIQUE COURS 1 Sara Colomer-Lahiguera, MER1 Nina Canova, Ass. universitaire 1ere année  COURS 1 Contenu: Accueil Présentation et consignes générales quant à l’organisation et a...

Atelier de projet de mémoire REDACTION SCIENTIFIQUE COURS 1 Sara Colomer-Lahiguera, MER1 Nina Canova, Ass. universitaire 1ere année  COURS 1 Contenu: Accueil Présentation et consignes générales quant à l’organisation et au déroulement du cours, du syllabus et de l’évaluation sommative Introduction au mémoire de master Objectif : ✓ Se familiariser avec les consignes et documents pour le mémoire de master. ✓ Connaitre les étapes d’écriture. Sara Colomer-Lahiguera_2023©  Objectifs ▪ Connaitre les différentes sections qui composent un texte scientifique et leur but ▪ Construire un texte scientifique en se référant aux critères de rédaction de chacune des sections qui le composent ▪ Élaborer les premières parties de son travail de mémoire (Introduction – Recension – Méthode, selon le Guide de Mémoire) ▪ Identifier les ressources institutionnelles et les étapes à suivre pour développer un protocole scientifique Nina Canova_2024©  Plan Contenu et lectures 1 03.10.2024 | Accueil 9:00 – 11:00 Présentation générale du cours, du syllabus du module et de l’évaluation sommative Consignes générales quant à l’organisation et au déroulement du cours Introduction au mémoire de master et à l’écriture scientifique Introduction à la Plateforme de recherche en soins (Hélène Chanvrier, PRS) 2 18.10.2024 | Questions / commentaires ? 14:00 – 16:00 Un article, un message : « Expand the brief » Le langage scientifique Rédiger l’introduction 3 25.10.2024 | Questions / commentaires 14:00 – 16:00 Introduction à l’éthique de la recherche, information et consentement des participants (I) (Kim Ellefsen-Lavoie, BPR) La recension des écrits, question de recherche Le cadre théorique 4 01.11.2024 | Questions / commentaires 14:00 – 16:00 Rédiger la méthode Devis, variables et instruments 5 08.11.2024 | Questions / commentaires 14:00 – 16:00 Population et collecte de données  Plan Contenu et lectures 6 15.11.2024 | Questions / commentaires 14:00 – 16:00 Introduction à l’éthique de la recherche, information et consentement des participants (II) (Kim Ellefsen- 16:00 – 18:00 Lavoie, BPR) Rédiger les résultats 7 22.11.2024 | Questions / commentaires 14:00 – 16:00 La discussion 8 26.11.2024 | Questions / commentaires 09:00 – 11:00 Présentations des étudiant-e-s : problématique, objectifs, cadre théorique, devis, population 9 29.11.2024 | Présentations des étudiant-e-s : problématique, objectifs, cadre théorique, devis, population 14:00 – 16:00 Discussion tous ensemble en classe : Rédiger son travail de mémoire : problèmes et défis Echange avec la responsable du cours. 10 20.12.2024 | Evaluation sommative : QCM 14:00 – 16:00  Evaluation sommative 20.12.2024 Obligatoire QCM + exercices Sara Colomer-Lahiguera_2023©  Travail de mémoire: les formulaires… Formulaire F369 « Choix de la direction, codirection et du sujet de Mémoire. Répartition du travail d’encadrement » DÉLAI : D34 « Entente de collaboration » 15.11.2024 F340 «Compte rendu de la séance» Modèles / canevas Mémoire Vous trouverez les documents sur Moodle Sara Colomer-Lahiguera_2023©  https://www.unil.ch/sciences- infirmieres/home/menuinst/ecole/master-icls-mscsi/reglement-- documents.html Sara Colomer-Lahiguera_2023©  Grilles évaluation Mémoire I → Info sur les grilles d’évaluation du protocole sur moodle → Document qui devrait servir au directeur/directrice pour faire un retour avec des commentaires (qui serviront comme base pour le rapport d’avancement de Mémoire II) Sara Colomer-Lahiguera_2023© Sara Colomer-Lahiguera_2023©  Welcome!! “ A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, “ for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts. William Strunk Jr., The Elements of Style  Utilisation d’une serviette de table… Self-operating napkin by Rube Goldberg La communication La recherche de la recherche Sara Colomer-Lahiguera_2023©  Cet article passe en revue les principes de base sur la conception d'études en sciences infirmières en utilisant comme exemples des études qui illustrent les défis méthodologiques ou qui démontrent des solutions efficaces face aux difficultés inhérentes à la recherche clinique. Cet article passe en revue les principes de base sur la conception d'études en sciences infirmières en utilisant comme exemples des études qui illustrent les défis méthodologiques ou qui démontrent des solutions efficaces face aux difficultés inhérentes à la recherche clinique. Cet article examine la conception d'études en sciences infirmières en utilisant des exemples de défis et solutions méthodologiques. Sara Colomer-Lahiguera_2023©  Guidelines for reporting https://www.equator-network.org/ Sara Colomer-Lahiguera_2023©  Implantation Recherche Quantitatif Qualitatif Sara Colomer-Lahiguera_2023©  Domain 2: study design Theoretical framework No. Item Guide questions/description 9. Methodological orientation What methodological orientation was stated to underpin the study? e.g. grounded and Theory theory, discourse analysis, ethnography, phenomenology, content analysis Domain 1: Research team and reflexivity Participant selection Personal Characteristics 10. Sampling How were participants selected? e.g. purposive, convenience, consecutive, snowball 1. Inter viewer/facilitator Which author/s conducted the inter view or focus group? 11. Method of approach How were participants approached? e.g. face-to-face, telephone, mail, email 2. Credentials What were the researcher’s credentials? E.g. PhD, MD 12. Sample size How many participants were in the study? 13. Non-participation How many people refused to participate or dropped out? Reasons? 3. Occupation What was their occupation at the time of the study? Setting 4. Gender Was the researcher male or female? 14. Setting of data collection Where was the data collected? e.g. home, clinic, workplace 5. Experience and training What experience or training did the researcher have? 15. Presence of non-participants Was anyone else present besides the participants and researchers? Relationship with 16. Description of sample What are the important characteristics of the sample? e.g. demographic data, date participants 6. Relationship established Was a relationship established prior to study Data collection commencement? 17. Interview guide Were questions, prompts, guides provided by the authors? Was it pilot tested? 7. Participant knowledge of What did the participants know about the researcher? the interviewer e.g. personal goals, reasons for doing the research 18. Repeat interviews Were repeat inter views carried out? If yes, how many? 19. Audio/visual recording Did the research use audio or visual recording to collect the data? 8. Interviewer What characteristics were reported about the inter 20. Field notes Were field notes made during and/or after the inter view or focus group? characteristics viewer/facilitator? e.g. Bias, assumptions, reasons and 21. Duration What was the duration of the inter views or focus group? interests in the research topic 22. Data saturation Was data saturation discussed? 23. Transcripts returned Were transcripts returned to participants for comment and/or correction? Domain 3: analysis and findings Data analysis 24. Number of data coders How many data coders coded the data? 25. Description of the coding tree Did authors provide a description of the coding tree? 26. Derivation of themes Were themes identified in advance or derived from the data? 27. Software What software, if applicable, was used to manage the data? 28. Participant checking Did participants provide feedback on the findings? Reporting 29. Quotations presented Were participant quotations presented to illustrate the themes/findings? Was each quotation identified? e.g. participant number 30. Data and findings consistent Was there consistency between the data presented and the findings? 31. Clarity of major themes Were major themes clearly presented in the findings? 32. Clarity of minor themes Is there a description of diverse cases or discussion of minor themes? Title and abstract Title - Concise description of the nature and topic of the study Identifying the study as qualitative or indicating the approach (e.g., ethnography, grounded theory) or data collection methods (e.g., interview, focus group) is recommended Abstract - Summary of key elements of the study using the abstract format of the intended publication; typically includes background, purpose, methods, results, and conclusions Introduction Problem formulation - Description and significance of the problem/phenomenon studied; review of relevant theory and empirical work; problem statement Purpose or research question - Purpose of the study and specific objectives or questions Methods Qualitative approach and research paradigm - Qualitative approach (e.g., ethnography, grounded theory, case study, phenomenology, narrative research) and guiding theory if appropriate; identifying the research paradigm (e.g., postpositivist, constructivist/ interpretivist) is also recommended; rationale** Researcher characteristics and reflexivity - Researchers’ characteristics that may influence the research, including personal attributes, qualifications/experience, relationship with participants, assumptions, and/or presuppositions; potential or actual interaction between researchers’ characteristics and the research questions, approach, methods, results, and/or transferability Context - Setting/site and salient contextual factors; rationale** Sampling strategy - How and why research participants, documents, or events were selected; criteria for deciding when no further sampling was necessary (e.g., sampling saturation); rationale** Ethical issues pertaining to human subjects - Documentation of approval by an appropriate ethics review board and participant consent, or explanation for lack thereof; other confidentiality and data security issues Data collection methods - Types of data collected; details of data collection procedures including (as appropriate) start and stop dates of data collection and analysis, iterative process, triangulation of sources/methods, and modification of procedures in response to evolving study findings; rationale** Data collection instruments and technologies - Description of instruments (e.g., interview guides, questionnaires) and devices (e.g., audio recorders) used for data collection; if/how the instrument(s) changed over the course of the study Units of study - Number and relevant characteristics of participants, documents, or events included in the study; level of participation (could be reported in results) Data processing - Methods for processing data prior to and during analysis, including transcription, data entry, data management and security, verification of data integrity, data coding, and anonymization/de-identification of excerpts Data analysis - Process by which inferences, themes, etc., were identified and developed, including the researchers involved in data analysis; usually references a specific paradigm or approach; rationale** Techniques to enhance trustworthiness - Techniques to enhance trustworthiness and credibility of data analysis (e.g., member checking, audit trail, triangulation); rationale** Results/findings Synthesis and interpretation - Main findings (e.g., interpretations, inferences, and themes); might include development of a theory or model, or integration with prior research or theory Links to empirical data - Evidence (e.g., quotes, field notes, text excerpts, photographs) to substantiate analytic findings Discussion Integration with prior work, implications, transferability, and contribution(s) to the field - Short summary of main findings; explanation of how findings and conclusions connect to, support, elaborate on, or challenge conclusions of earlier scholarship; discussion of scope of application/generalizability; identification of unique contribution (s) to scholarship in a discipline or field Limitations - Trustworthiness and limitations of findings Other Conflicts of interest - Potential sources of influence or perceived influence on study conduct and conclusions; how these were managed Funding - Sources of funding and other support; role of funders in data collection, interpretation, and reporting *The authors created the SRQR by searching the literature to identify guidelines, reporting standards, and critical appraisal criteria for qualitative research; reviewing the reference lists of retrieved sources; and contacting experts to gain feedback. The SRQR aims to improve the transparency of all aspects of qualitative research by providing clear standards for reporting qualitative research. **The rationale should briefly discuss the justification for choosing that theory, approach, method, or technique rather than other options available, the assumptions and limitations implicit in those choices, and how those choices influence study conclusions and transferability. As appropriate, the rationale for several items might be discussed together. Reference: O'Brien BC, Harris IB, Beckman TJ, Reed DA, Cook DA. Standards for reporting qualitative research: a synthesis of recommendations. Academic Medicine, Vol. 89, No. 9 / Sept 2014 DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000000388  Title and abstract (a) Indicate the study’s design with a commonly used term in the title or the abstract (b) Provide in the abstract an informative and balanced summary of what was done and what was found Introduction Background/rationale Explain the scientific background and rationale for the investigation being reported Objectives State specific objectives, including any prespecified hypotheses Methods Study design Present key elements of study design early in the paper Setting Describe the setting, locations, and relevant dates, including periods of recruitment, exposure, follow-up, and data collection Participants (a) Cohort study—Give the eligibility criteria, and the sources and methods of selection of participants. Describe methods of follow-up Case-control study—Give the eligibility criteria, and the sources and methods of case ascertainment and control selection. Give the rationale for the choice of cases and controls Cross-sectional study—Give the eligibility criteria, and the sources and methods of selection of participants (b) Cohort study—For matched studies, give matching criteria and number of exposed and unexposed Case-control study—For matched studies, give matching criteria and the number of controls per case Variables Clearly define all outcomes, exposures, predictors, potential confounders, and effect modifiers. Give diagnostic criteria, if applicable Data sources/ measurement For each variable of interest, give sources of data and details of methods of assessment (measurement). Describe comparability of assessment methods if there is more than one group Bias Describe any efforts to address potential sources of bias Study size Explain how the study size was arrived at Quantitative variables Explain how quantitative variables were handled in the analyses. If applicable, describe which groupings were chosen and why Statistical methods (a) Describe all statistical methods, including those used to control for confounding (b) Describe any methods used to examine subgroups and interactions (c) Explain how missing data were addressed (d) Cohort study—If applicable, explain how loss to follow-up was addressed Case-control study—If applicable, explain how matching of cases and controls was addressed Cross-sectional study—If applicable, describe analytical methods taking account of sampling strategy (e) Describe any sensitivity analyses Results Participants (a) Report numbers of individuals at each stage of study—eg numbers potentially eligible, examined for eligibility, confirmed eligible, (b) included in the study, completing follow-up, and analysed (b) Give reasons for non-participation at each stage (c) Consider use of a flow diagram Descriptive data (a) Give characteristics of study participants (eg demographic, clinical, social) and information on exposures and potential confounders (b) Indicate number of participants with missing data for each variable of interest (c) Cohort study—Summarise follow-up time (eg, average and total amount) Outcome data Cohort study—Report numbers of outcome events or summary measures over time Case-control study—Report numbers in each exposure category, or summary measures of exposure Cross-sectional study—Report numbers of outcome events or summary measures Main results (a) Give unadjusted estimates and, if applicable, confounder-adjusted estimates and their precision (eg, 95% confidence interval). (b) Make clear which confounders were adjusted for and why they were included (b) Report category boundaries when continuous variables were categorized (c) If relevant, consider translating estimates of relative risk into absolute risk for a meaningful time period Other analyses Report other analyses done—eg analyses of subgroups and interactions, and sensitivity analyses Discussion Key results Summarise key results with reference to study objectives Limitations Discuss limitations of the study, taking into account sources of potential bias or imprecision. Discuss both direction and magnitude of any potential bias Interpretation Give a cautious overall interpretation of results considering objectives, limitations, multiplicity of analyses, results from similar studies, and other relevant evidence Generalisability Discuss the generalisability (external validity) of the study results  Reported Reported Checklist item on page # Implementation Strategy on page # Intervention “Implementation strategy” refers to how the intervention was “Intervention” refers to the healthcare or public health intervention implemented that is being implemented. Title and abstract Title 1 Identification as an implementation study, and description of the methodology in the title and/or keywords Abstract 2 Identification as an implementation study, including a description of the implementation strategy to be tested, the evidence-based intervention being implemented, and defining the key implementation and health outcomes. Introduction Introduction 3 Description of the problem, challenge or deficiency in healthcare or public health that the intervention being implemented aims to address. Rationale 4 The scientific background and rationale for the implementation strategy The scientific background and rationale for the intervention being (including any underpinning theory/framework/model, how it is expected to implemented (including evidence about its effectiveness and how achieve its effects and any pilot work). it is expected to achieve its effects). Aims & objectives 5 The aims of the study, differentiating between implementation objectives and any intervention objectives. Methods: description Design 6 The design and key features of the evaluation, (cross referencing to any appropriate methodology reporting standards) and any changes to study protocol, with reasons Context 7 The context in which the intervention was implemented. (Consider social, economic, policy, healthcare, organisational barriers and facilitators that might influence implementation elsewhere). Targeted ‘sites’ 8 The characteristics of the targeted ‘site(s)’ (e.g locations/personnel/resources The population targeted by the intervention and any eligibility criteria. etc.) for implementation and any eligibility criteria. Description 9 A description of the implementation strategy A description of the intervention Sub-groups 10 Any sub-groups recruited for additional research tasks, and/or nested studies are described Methods: evaluation Outcomes 11 Defined pre-specified primary and other outcome(s) of the implementation Defined pre-specified primary and other outcome(s) of the strategy, and how they were assessed. intervention (if assessed), and how they were assessed. Document any pre-determined targets Document any pre-determined targets Process evaluation 12 Process evaluation objectives and outcomes related to the mechanism by which the strategy is expected to work Economic 13 Methods for resource use, costs, economic outcomes and analysis for the Methods for resource use, costs, economic outcomes and analysis evaluation implementation strategy for the intervention Sample size 14 Rationale for sample sizes (including sample size calculations, budgetary constraints, practical considerations, data saturation, as appropriate) Analysis 15 Methods of analysis (with reasons for that choice) Sub-group 16 Any a priori sub-group analyses (e.g. between different sites in a multicentre study, different clinical or demographic populations), and sub-groups recruited to specific analyses nested research tasks Results Characteristics 17 Proportion recruited and characteristics of the recipient Proportion recruited and characteristics (if appropriate) of population for the implementation strategy the recipient population for the intervention Outcomes 18 Primary and other outcome(s) of the implementation strategy Primary and other outcome(s) of the Intervention (if assessed) Process outcomes 19 Process data related to the implementation strategy mapped to the mechanism by which the strategy is expected to work Economic evaluation 20 Resource use, costs, economic outcomes and analysis for the Resource use, costs, economic outcomes and analysis implementation strategy for the intervention Sub-group analyses 21 Representativeness and outcomes of subgroups including those recruited to specific research tasks Fidelity/ adaptation 22 Fidelity to implementation strategy as planned and adaptation to suit Fidelity to delivering the core components of intervention context and preferences (where measured) Contextual changes 23 Contextual changes (if any) which may have affected outcomes Harms 24 All important harms or unintended effects in each group Discussion Structured discussion 25 Summary of findings, strengths and limitations, comparisons with other studies, conclusions and implications Implications 26 Discussion of policy, practice and/or research implications Discussion of policy, practice and/or research of the implementation strategy implications of the intervention (specifically including scalability) (specifically including sustainability) General Statements 27 Include statement(s) on regulatory approvals (including, as appropriate, ethical approval, confidential use of routine data, governance approval), trial/study registration (availability of protocol), funding and conflicts of interest  Rédaction du mémoire de Master Page 6 Sara Colomer-Lahiguera_2023©  Structure générale Pages liminaires Page titre Composition du Jury Déclaration d’indépendance et droits d’auteurs Table des matières Liste des tableaux Liste des figures Liste des abréviations 1 : 1 : 25 Résumé 1 page (Français) Abstract 1 page (English) Manuscrit 25 pages Sara Colomer-Lahiguera_2023©  Structure générale Manuscrit 25 pages Introduction (1 à 2 pages) Recension des écrits (3 à 4 pages) Méthode (4 pages) Résultats (7 à 8 pages) Discussion (7 à 8 pages) Conclusion (1/2 page) Remerciements Références Annexes Sara Colomer-Lahiguera_2023©  Rédaction du mémoire de Master Format d’article scientifique Police: Times New Roman 12 Interligne 1,5 Marges: 2,5 cm Références: style Vancouver Manuscrit (25 pages) Les références et annexes ne sont pas comptées dans les 25 pages. Sara Colomer-Lahiguera_2023© Considérations générales  S’organiser… Sara Colomer-Lahiguera_2023©  À éviter… Discussion Introduction Temps (t) Méthode Résultats Sara Colomer-Lahiguera_2023©  Pourquoi publier? Communauté scientifique: Partager et diffuser des idées dans la communauté scientifique Encourager la discussion au sein de la communauté professionnelle Progrès Académique: Profil de recherche Améliorer la carrière académique Développer les bases académiques Personnel: Plateforme pour une contribution personnelle à la connaissance de la science Opportunité de communiquer son expertise/travail Sara Colomer-Lahiguera_2023©  Rédaction scientifique L’objectif du texte scientifique n’est pas seulement de faire possible que le lecteur comprenne le contenu; Mais faire que ce soit impossible pour le lecteur de ne pas comprendre Sara Colomer-Lahiguera_2023©  ANATOMIE D’UN TEXTE SCIENTIFIQUE Sections & subsections Figures Results Tables / Funding Sara Colomer-Lahiguera_2023© Sultan Ayoub Meo, Anatomy and physiology of a scientific paper, Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, Volume 25, Issue 7, 2018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.01.004. Sara Colomer-Lahiguera_2023© Sultan Ayoub Meo, Anatomy and physiology of a scientific paper, Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, Volume 25, Issue 7, 2018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.01.004. Sultan Ayoub Meo, Anatomy and physiology of a scientific paper, Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, Volume 25, Issue 7, 2018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.01.004. Sara Colomer-Lahiguera_2023©  1 article 1 message 1 section 1 concept 1 paragraphe 1 idée Sara Colomer-Lahiguera_2023©  Quand commencer a écrire? Danger!! ne pas avoir une idée/vision de ce que nous voulons transmettre nous fera nous perdre dans les détails Message: 10-12 mots, doit contenir un verbe Journal: revu par les pairs (Peer reviewed journals) / journaux professionnels Format Public cible Délai: établir un plan avec plusieurs délais Sara Colomer-Lahiguera_2023© Merci!