A241 SCCVK2043 Digital Audio Technology (PDF)

A241 SCCVK2043 Digital Audio Technology Topic 1: 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO SOUND Dr. Hammuzamer Irwan bin Hamzah 017 – 426 2934 | [email protected] |4077 SMMTC Building  WEEK DATE TOPIC ACTIVITY...

A241 SCCVK2043 Digital Audio Technology Topic 1: 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO SOUND Dr. Hammuzamer Irwan bin Hamzah 017 – 426 2934 | [email protected] |4077 SMMTC Building  WEEK DATE TOPIC ACTIVITY REMARK NOTE 1 6.10.2024 1 Distribute course info / F2F 9.10.2024 1 / F2F 2 13. 10.2024 2 / F2F 16. 10.2024 2 Distribute Assessments F2F 3 20. 10.2024 2 F2F 23. 10.2024 2 F2F A41 Class Date 4 27.10.2024 30. 10.2024 3 3 F2F WebEx Group B 5 3.11.2024 4 F2F 6.11.2024 4 F2F Sunday 12:30PM – 2:30PM SMMTC 1 6 10.11.2024 5 F2F 13.11.2024 5 F2F Wednesday 12:30PM – 2:30PM DP A1 7 17.11.2024 6 Quiz 1 F2F 20.11.2024 6 Submit Individual Assignment 1 WebEx Mid-Sem Break 24.11.2024 27.11.2024 8 1.12.2024 7 F2F 4.12.2024 7 F2F 9 8.12.2024 7 F2F 11.12.2024 7 F2F 10 15.12.2024 8 F2F 18.12.2024 8 F2F 11 22.12.2024 8 WebEx 25.12.2024 8 Public Holiday - Christmas Asynchronous 12 29.12.2024 9 WebEx 1.1.2025 9 F2F 13 5.1.2025 9 Submit Individual Assignment 2 F2F 8.1.2025 9 F2F 14 12.1.2025 10 Quiz 2 F2F 15.1.2025 10 Submit Group Assignment F2F  WEEK DATE TOPIC ACTIVITY REMARK NOTE 1 7.10.2024 1 Distribute course info / F2F 10/10.2024 1 / F2F 2 14. 10.2024 2 / F2F 17. 10.2024 2 Distribute Assessments F2F 3 21. 10.2024 2 F2F 24. 10.2024 2 F2F A41 Class Date 4 28.10.2024 31. 10.2024 3 3 Public Holiday - Deepavali WebEx Asynchronous Group C 5 4.11.2024 4 WebEx 7.11.2024 4 F2F Monday 2:30PM – 4:30PM DP A1 6 11.11.2024 5 F2F 14.11.2024 5 F2F Thursday 2:30PM – 4:30PM SMMTC 1 7 18.11.2024 6 Quiz 1 F2F 21.11.2024 6 Submit Individual Assignment 1 WebEx Mid-Sem Break 25.11.2024 28.11.2024 8 2.12.2024 7 F2F 5.12.2024 7 F2F 9 9.12.2024 7 F2F 12.12.2024 7 F2F 10 16.12.2024 8 F2F 19.12.2024 8 F2F 11 23.12.2024 8 F2F 26.12.2024 8 WebEx 12 30.12.2024 9 F2F 2.1.2025 9 F2F 13 6.1.2025 9 Submit Individual Assignment 2 F2F 9.1.2025 9 F2F 14 13.1.2025 10 Quiz 2 F2F 16.1.2025 10 Submit Group Assignment F2F INTRODUCTION TO SOUND Defining sound Identifying the hearing mechanism Discovering the physics of sound Distinguishing between analog and digital sound Course Learning Outcomes (CLO) CLO1: Identify the features and forms of sound (C1) CLO2: Explain various components of audio production essential for conveying multimedia information (C2) CLO3: Produce digital audio applications by applying the audio production process (C6) Definition of Sound Vibration that travels through air or another medium, perceivable by the human ear. Produced by objects that move and create pressure waves. Sound Waves Types of Waves: Longitudinal waves, where particles in the medium move parallel to the direction of wave propagation. Characteristics: Frequency, amplitude, wavelength, and velocity. Frequency: Measured in Hertz (Hz); determines the pitch of sound (higher frequency = higher pitch). Amplitude: Determines the loudness or intensity of the sound (higher amplitude = louder sound). Characteristics Of Sound Waves: Amplitude, Frequency, Wavelength And Timbre | BYJU'S Characteristics Of Sound Waves: Amplitude, Frequency, Wavelength And Timbre | BYJU'S Characteristics Of Sound Waves: Amplitude, Frequency, Wavelength And Timbre | BYJU'S Speed of Sound Depends on the medium (air, water, solid). Faster in solids than in liquids, and faster in liquids than in gases. Speed in air at room temperature is approximately 343 meters per second (m/s). Speed of Sound - Explanation, Speed of Sound in Different Media, FAQs Sound vs. Noise Sound: Noise: Any audible vibration that is Unwanted or disturbing sound pleasant or neutral to the that is typically considered listener. unpleasant or disruptive. The Physics of Sound Compression and Rarefaction: Areas of high pressure (compression) and low pressure (rarefaction) in a sound wave. Sound Propagation: Sound waves move through mediums by vibrating particles in the medium. Labeling Compression Waves Educational Resources K12 Learning, Physics, Science Lesson Plans, Activities, Experiments, Homeschool Help What Is Sound? - Characteristics of Sound Waves, Propagation Of Sound - Can Sound Travel in Space? And FAQs Basic Components of Sound Pitch: The perception of the frequency of sound. Loudness: The perception of the amplitude or intensity of sound. Timbre: The quality or color of sound that differentiates different types of sound (e.g., different instruments). Pitch And Loudness Of Sound - Difference between Pitch and Loudness What Is Timbre? - Theory & Characteristics Sound Perception Ears and Brain: The ear detects sound waves and sends signals to the brain, where they are interpreted. Psychoacoustics: The study of how humans perceive and process sound, including how sound is localized. Acoustics Room Acoustics: How sound behaves in a space (reflections, absorption, diffusion). Echo vs. Reverberation: Echo is a distinct reflection of sound; reverberation is the persistence of sound after the original sound stops. Soundproofing: Methods to prevent sound from entering or leaving a space (e.g., foam panels, insulation). Sound in Multimedia Importance: Enhances the emotional and informational impact of visual media (e.g., films, videos, games). Synchronization: Aligning sound effects and dialogue with visual content. Sound Design: Crafting specific sounds to enhance storytelling in multimedia. Types of Sound in Media Dialogue: Speech in films, radio, and other media. Sound Effects (SFX): Artificially created sounds for storytelling (e.g., footsteps, explosions). Music: Used to evoke emotions and set the tone or mood. Ambience: Background sounds that set the atmosphere or location. Sound Recording Microphones: Devices used to capture sound (e.g., dynamic, condenser). Recording Techniques: Mono vs. stereo recording, close-miking vs. ambient miking. Editing: Cutting, trimming, and enhancing recorded sound using digital audio software. Sound in Communication Verbal Communication: Use of spoken language to convey messages. Non-Verbal Sound Communication: Use of non-linguistic sounds (e.g., alarms, bells) to convey information or cues. Defining sound Defining sound What is Sound?: A vibration that propagates through a medium (air, water, solid) as a wave. Properties of Sound: Frequency (pitch), amplitude (loudness), and timbre (sound quality). Sound Waves: Longitudinal waves that compress and decompress particles in a medium. Sources of Sound: Can be natural (e.g., voice, animals) or artificial (e.g., musical instruments, machines). Identifying the hearing mechanism Identifying the hearing mechanism Outer Ear: Captures sound waves and funnels them to the eardrum. Middle Ear: Contains small bones (ossicles) that amplify sound vibrations. Inner Ear: Cochlea converts sound vibrations into electrical signals. Auditory Nerve and Brain: Signals are transmitted to the brain for interpretation as sound. Human Hearing Range: Typically 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz; varies by age and individual. How Do We Hear? | NIDCD Human Hearing Range Humans can hear sounds in the frequency range of approximately 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. Frequencies below 20 Hz are called infrasound; frequencies above 20,000 Hz are called ultrasound. Discovering the physics of sound Discovering the physics of sound Wave Properties: Frequency: Number of vibrations per second, measured in Hertz (Hz), which determines pitch. Amplitude: Height of the sound wave, which determines loudness. Wavelength: Distance between successive peaks of the sound wave. Speed of Sound: Varies depending on the medium (e.g., faster in solids than in air). Compression and Rarefaction: Alternating high and low-pressure regions created as sound travels through a medium. Resonance: Natural frequency at which an object vibrates, amplifying sound. Reflection and Absorption: Sound can reflect off surfaces (echo) or be absorbed by materials (acoustic treatment). Wave Properties: Frequency: Number of vibrations per second, measured in Hertz (Hz), which determines pitch. Characteristics Of Sound Waves: Amplitude, Frequency, Wavelength And Timbre | BYJU'S Wave Properties: Amplitude: Height of the sound wave, which determines loudness. Psychology, Sensation and Perception, Waves and Wavelengths | OpenEd CUNY Wave Properties: Wavelength: Distance between successive peaks of the sound wave. Speed of Sound: Varies depending on the medium (e.g., faster in solids than in air). Wavelength, Frequency, Amplitude and phase - defining Waves ! - Techplayon Compression and Rarefaction: Alternating high and low-pressure regions created as sound travels through a medium. The number of compressions or rarefactions per unit time is calledof a sound wave. Reflection and Absorption: Sound can reflect off surfaces (echo) or be absorbed by materials (acoustic treatment). Sound propagation, reflection, absorption and transmission - Atelier Crescendo | Acoustic Consultancy Distinguishing between analog and digital sound Analog and Digital Sound Analog Sound: Continuous sound wave that mimics the natural sound wave. Typically captured and stored on physical media like vinyl records or magnetic tapes. Prone to degradation over time (e.g., noise, distortion). Digital Sound: Sound is sampled at discrete intervals and stored as binary data. Commonly used formats include MP3, WAV, and AAC. Sampling Rate: Number of samples per second (e.g., 44.1 kHz for CDs). Bit Depth: Amount of data used to represent each sample (higher bit depth = more dynamic range). More flexible and reliable for editing, storage, and distribution. Conversion: Sound can be converted between analog and digital forms using Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC) and Digital-to-Analog Converters (DAC). Better Sound for Commercial Installations Analog Sound Advantages: Disadvantages: Natural Sound Representation: Prone to Degradation: Analog sound captures the continuous waveforms of Analog media (like vinyl records, magnetic tapes) natural sound, providing a warm, rich quality. degrade over time, leading to a loss in sound quality (e.g., hissing, pops, crackles). High Fidelity: When recorded and played back with high-quality Physical Media: equipment, analog sound can offer highly accurate Analog recordings require physical storage (e.g., reproduction. records, tapes) which take up space and can be easily damaged. Smooth Sound Transitions: Because it’s continuous, analog sound avoids the Limited Editing Flexibility: potential stepping effects seen in digital sampling. Editing analog sound requires physical cutting or splicing of the media, which is time-consuming and less No Data Compression: precise than digital editing. Unlike some digital formats, analog sound is not Noise and Distortion: compressed, preserving its original quality without losing detail. Analog recordings are more susceptible to background noise, distortion, and interference. Digital Sound Advantages: Disadvantages: Precision and Clarity: Sampling Limitations: Digital sound is stored as binary data, allowing for clear and Digital sound relies on sampling rates (e.g., 44.1 kHz), which accurate reproduction, free from the noise and distortion may not capture the full detail of the original sound, potentially associated with analog. leading to a more “artificial” quality. Editing Flexibility: Lossy Compression: Digital sound can be easily edited, manipulated, and processed Formats like MP3 use compression that can remove some audio using software, allowing for more precision and creativity. data, leading to a reduction in sound quality compared to the original recording. No Degradation: Digital files do not degrade over time and can be copied and Conversion Artifacts: shared without loss of quality. Analog-to-digital (and digital-to-analog) conversion can introduce minor errors or artifacts, affecting the sound quality. Storage Efficiency: Digital sound files are compact and can be easily stored on a Dependent on Technology: range of media (e.g., hard drives, cloud storage) without Digital sound requires compatible devices and software for physical limitations. playback, which may become obsolete over time. Wide Compatibility: Digital sound can be played on a variety of devices, from computers to smartphones, and is highly portable. Digital Sound Analog vs. Digital: Analog sound is continuous, while digital sound is sampled at specific intervals (e.g., 44.1 kHz for CDs). Sampling Rate: Number of samples taken per second to digitize sound (higher rates = better quality). Bit Depth: Determines the resolution or detail of digital sound (higher bit depth = more dynamic range). Sampling Rate: Number of samples taken per second to digitize sound (higher rates = better quality). Understanding Sample Rate And Bit Depth In Audio In 2024 Bit Depth: Determines the resolution or detail of digital sound (higher bit depth = more dynamic range). Understanding Sample Rate And Bit Depth In Audio In 2024 That’s all…☺ Thank you...