A12 PREVMED MAIN HANDOUT APRIL 2024 PDF

TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH MAIN HANDOUT BY DR. MANN For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or https://www.facebook.com/topnotchmedicalboardprep/ This handout is only valid for April 2024 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch sin...

TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH MAIN HANDOUT BY DR. MANN For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or https://www.facebook.com/topnotchmedicalboardprep/ This handout is only valid for April 2024 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly. HOSPITAL COLOR CODING HOSPITAL CODE COLORS (NOT STANDARDIZED) Code BLUE medical emergency Code RED smoke or fire Code BLACK bomb threat Code PINK infant or child abduction Code ORANGE hazardous material or spill incident Code SILVER active shooter Code VIOLET violent or combative individual Code YELLOW disaster Code BROWN severe weather Code WHITE evacuation Code GREEN emergency activation TRIAGE COLOR CODE Red tags immediate Yellow tags observation Green tags wait White tags dismiss Black tags expectant cannot survive without immediate treatment but have a chance of survival require observation (possibly later re-triage); stable for now, not in immediate danger of death; still need hospital care and would be treated immediately under normal circumstances “walking wounded” who will need medical care at some point, after more critical injuries have been treated with minor injuries for whom a doctor’s care is not required deceased and whose injuries are so extensive that they will not be able to survive given the care available NEVER EVENTS • in reference to particularly shocking medical errors https://psnet.ahrq.gov/primer/never-events SURGICAL EVENTS • • • • • • • PRODUCT OR DEVICE EVENTS • • PATIENT PROTECTION EVENTS • • • Wrong body part Wrong patient Wrong surgical procedure Retention of foreign object in patient after surgery Intraoperative or immediately postoperative death in a normal healthy patient Death or serious disability associated with: use of contaminated drugs, devices, or biologics provided by the healthcare facility use or function of device in which it is used or functions other than as intended intravascular air embolism that occurs while being cared for in a healthcare facility Infant discharged to wrong person Death or serious disability associated with elopement (disappearance) for > 4 hours Patient suicide, or attempted suicide resulting in serious disability, while being cared for in a healthcare facility medication error (wrong drug, dose, patient, time, rate, preparation, route) hemolytic reaction due to administration of ABO-incompatible blood or blood products Maternal death or serious disability associated with labor or delivery on a lowrisk pregnancy while being cared for in a healthcare facility associated with a fall while being cared for in a healthcare facility associated with use of restraints or bedrails while being cared for in a healthcare facility Abduction of a patient of any age Sexual assault on a patient within or on grounds of a healthcare facility DATA PRIVACY ACT • RA 10173 • To protect fundamental human right of privacy, of communication while ensuring free flow of information to promote innovation and growth. TIMELINE • August 21, 2012 – Data Privacy Act passed • 2016 – National Privacy Commission members appointed; IRR published o COMELEC data breach also happened (2016 elections) § Considered largest private data leak in Philippine history à right to informational privacy PRINCIPLES • Transparency o Patient must be aware of nature, purpose, extent of processing personal data • Legitimate Purpose o Processing of info should be compatible with a declared and specified purpose, not contrary to law, morals, public policy • Proportionality o Process of info shall be adequate, relevant, suitable, necessary and NOT excessive in relation to declared and specified purpose ORGANIZATIONAL ACTS ORGANIZATIONAL ACT KEY CONCEPT Putting into systematic relationships the elements & activities → goal Manning & keeping positions; training Guiding & leading subordinates towards goal Forming predetermined course of action – strategy, objectives, etc. Performed WHILE IMPLEMENTING AN ACTION Performed AT END OF IMPLEMENTATION Organizing Staffing Directing Planning Monitoring Evaluation TYPES OF LEADERSHIP STYLES Democratic Leadership Autocratic Leadership based on input of each team member. Although he/she makes the final call, each employee has an equal say on a project’s direction inverse of democratic leadership; makes decisions without taking input from anyone who reports to them LaissezFaire Leadership In French, it translates to “let them do,” nearly all authority to employees Bureaucratic Leadership go by the books; listen & consider input of employees – unlike autocratic leadership – but leader tends to reject employee’s input if it conflicts with policy or past practices ECONOMICS • GDP & GNP: most commonly used measures of economy • • Both represent total market value of goods and services produced over a certain period • Gross Domestic Product Gross National Product CARE (GDP) (GNP) MANAGEMENT EVENTS • value of finished domestic • value of finished goods and • goods and services services owned by a produced within a country's citizens, whether nation's borders or not goods are produced in that country • limits interpretation of • economy to geographical • include net overseas ENVIRONborders of country economic activities MENTAL • EVENTS performed by its nationals • GNP = GDP + net property income from abroad • CRIMINAL • Internal revenue allotment (IRA): main intergovernmental • EVENTS fiscal transfer in the Philippines o biggest source of operating revenues of local government units (LGUs) to provide basic goods & services and finance other development activities TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH MAIN HANDOUT BY DR. MANN Page 76 of 77 For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or email us at [email protected] This handout is only valid for the April 2024 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly. TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH MAIN HANDOUT BY DR. MANN For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or https://www.facebook.com/topnotchmedicalboardprep/ This handout is only valid for April 2024 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly. TELEMEDICINE TOXIC FEATURES OF SELECTED AGENTS • TELEMEDICINE: “delivery of health care services, where distance is critical factor, by all health care professionals using information and communication technologies for exchange of valid information for diagnosis, treatment & prevention of disease and injuries, research & evaluation, and for continuing education of health care providers, all in the interests of advancing the health of individuals and their communities” (WHO, 2010) • TELECONSULTATION: specific; consultation done using telecommunications, purpose being diagnosis or treatment of patient with sites remote from patient or physician • Who can practice telemedicine? o Any physician with valid license from PRC can engage in telemedicine with patients physically residing in Philippines • Minimum competencies to practice telemedicine: o proficiency in digital communication skills, clinical acumen & knowledge of technology, while adhering to ethical practice. • Minimum requirements to set up for telemedicine: o communication device e.g., landline phone, cellphone, computer; stable internet connection; private, well-lit location MEDICAL AND DENTAL SERVICES NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES > 50, <200. * Acetaminophen Arsenic Botulism Carbon monoxide Cyanide Ethylene glycol Iron Lead Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) MEDICAL PERSONNEL Mercury Full-time registered nurse Full-time registered nurse, a Part-time > 200, < 300 physician & dentist, emergency clinic Full-time registered nurse, Full-time physician & dentist, dental clinic, > 300 infirmary or emergency hospital with 1 capacity for every 100 employees * EXCEPT when employer does not maintain hazardous workplaces, the graduate of first-aider if no registered nurse is available Methanol Mushrooms (Amanita phalloides type) Phencyclidine (PCP) Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, delayed jaundice, hepatic & renal failure Garlicky odor breath, Mee’s lines (nails), Milk & roses complexion Dysphagia, dysarthria, ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, flaccid paralysis Coma, metabolic acidosis, retinal hemorrhages, cherry red skin Bitter almond odor, seizures, coma, abnormal ECG Renal failure, crystals in urine, acidosis Bloody diarrhea, radiopaque material in gut (on x-ray), high leukocyte count, hyperglycemia, black stools Abdominal pain, hypertension, seizures, muscle weakness, metallic taste, anorexia, encephalopathy, delayed motor neuropathy, changes in renal & reproductive function Hallucinations, dilated pupils, hypertension Acute renal failure, tremor, salivation, gingivitis, colitis, erethism (fits of crying, irrational behavior), nephrotic syndrome Rapid respiration, visual symptoms, osmole gap, severe metabolic acidosis Severe nausea & vomiting 8 h after; delayed hepatic & renal failure Coma with eyes open, horizontal & vertical nystagmus Source: Katzung & Trevor’s Pharmacology Examination and Board Review Book four – Health, safety, and social welfare benefits. Chapter 1: Medical and dental services; DOLE ✓GUIDE QUESTIONS Sanchez Construction Company currently has 251 employees. These include construction workers, engineers, project managers, and foremen. They are interested to build a condo in BGC, what following sets of medical personnel will they need? A. Part-time registered nurse B. Part-time registered nurse, part-time physician, and dentist, and an emergency clinic C. Full-time registered nurse, part-time physician, and dentist, and an emergency clinic D. Full-time registered nurse, full-time physician, and dentist, and an infirmary or emergency hospital END OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH MAIN HANDOUT Answer: C IMPORTANT LEGAL INFORMATION The handouts, videos and other review materials, provided by Topnotch Medical Board Preparation Incorporated are duly protected by RA 8293 otherwise known as the Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines, and shall only be for the sole use of the person: a) whose name appear on the handout or review material, b) person subscribed to Topnotch Medical Board Preparation Incorporated Program or c) is the recipient of this electronic communication. No part of the handout, video or other review material may be reproduced, shared, sold and distributed through any printed form, audio or video recording, electronic medium or machine-readable form, in whole or in part without the written consent of Topnotch Medical Board Preparation Incorporated. Any violation and or infringement, whether intended or otherwise shall be subject to legal action and prosecution to the full extent guaranteed by law. DISCLOSURE The handouts/review materials must be treated with utmost confidentiality. It shall be the responsibility of the person, whose name appears therein, that the handouts/review materials are not photocopied or in any way reproduced, shared or lent to any person or disposed in any manner. Any handout/review material found in the possession of another person whose name does not appear therein shall be prima facie evidence of violation of RA 8293. Topnotch review materials are updated every six (6) months based on the current trends and feedback. Please buy all recommended review books and other materials listed below. THIS HANDOUT IS NOT FOR SALE! TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH MAIN HANDOUT BY DR. MANN For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or email us at [email protected] This handout is only valid for the April 2024 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly. Page 77 of 77