India After Independence SSLC Social Science PDF

A+ SOCIAL SCIENCE Chapter- 7 INDIA AFTER INDEPENDENCE Q: The Major challenges that the post independent India had to face  Flow of refugees, Integration of Princely states, First general election, Linguistic...

A+ SOCIAL SCIENCE Chapter- 7 INDIA AFTER INDEPENDENCE Q: The Major challenges that the post independent India had to face  Flow of refugees, Integration of Princely states, First general election, Linguistic reorganization of states Flow of refugees  During the partition time there was an influx of refugees from India to Pakistan and Vice versa.  The communal riots broke out in various places.  Calcutta, Bihar, Delhi, Punjab and Kashmir witnessed bloody riots.  Thousands of people were killed and women were attacked  Deferent section of people lost all and became refugees.  Around 10 million people travelled as refugees on foot, Trains ,Bullock Carts Integration of Princely states  There were around 600 Princely state.  Britain gave options to join either India or Pakistan or to be Independent.  For the integration of union minister, Sardar Vallabhai Patel entrusted with this mission.  He appointed VP Menon, a keralite , as a secretary of the department of the state.  Patel and VP Menon prepared Instrument of Accession  Which stipulated that the princely state had to transfer their control over defense , external affairs, and information and communication to the Gov. Of India. Following the diplomacy, popular protest, many princely states signed in the Instrument of Accession  But Hyderabad , Kashmir, Junagarh , resented  Finally there were also integrated into the Indian Union. France - Pondicherry, Mahe , Yanam, and Karaikkal-1954 Portugal - Goa , Daman , Diu -1961 Constitution and the First general election  1964 Constituent assembly was formed with Dr Rajendra Parsad as the Chairman.  It appointed Dr: BR Ambedkar as a Drafting Committee Chairman  The constitution came in to effect on 26 January 1950 and India was declared a republic  The 1st general election was held in 1951- 1952 Linguistic reorganization of states  Potti Sriramalu, a freedom fighter, started Satyagraha for the formation of Andhra Pradesh for Telugu speaking people.  After 58 days of fasting he died, and it intensified the mass agitation  Following this, in 1953 , The Gov. of Indian formed state of Andhra Pradesh for Telugu speaking people. A+ BLOG- www.apluseducare.blogspot.com or Whatsapp 9746544422 Page 1  A+ SOCIAL SCIENCE Fazal Ali - as a chairman and HN Kunzru and KM Panikkar, a keralite are the Commission to reorganize Indian States on the basis of languages. Progress in economic sector  Mixed economy : India adopted mixed economy which is a combination of both socialist and Capitalist system. it focused on public sector  The planning commission of India was formed under the chairman of Nehru in 1950 Five year plan  India adopted five year plan for economic growth and started in 1951.  It also helped to eradicate poverty, improvement agricultural and industrial sectors improve educations and health and generate new energy sources Iron and steel factories - assisted countries Iron and steel factories Assisted countries Bhilai Soviet union Bacaro Soviet union Rourkela Germany Durgapur Britain Major Dams had a significant role in modernizing Indian economy. Bhakra Nangal Projectc the largest multipurpose projects in the country. Irrigation facilities boosted agricultural production in India on 2 October 1952. Gov. started 55 projects Achievements in science and technologies Q: Under the leadership of Nehru established several research institutions  Council of scientific and industrial research ( CSIR)  Indian council of agricultural research (ICAR)  Indian council of Medical research (ICMR) Space research in India  ISRO established in 1969  The 1st Rocket launching station in India was established in Thumba Near Trivandrum  The 1st satellite Aarybhatta” was successfully launched in 1975  India has also advanced much in missile technology Agni and Prithwi  India's 1st lunar mission "Chandrayan" started in 2008  Mangalyan the space mission of India to mars is the Indian made space o Missile - APJ Abdul kalam o Space - Vikram Sarabhai o Nuclear - Homi J Bhaba A+ BLOG- www.apluseducare.blogspot.com or Whatsapp 9746544422 Page 2  A+ SOCIAL SCIENCE Q: Several agencies that develop satellites in India  National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA)  Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) Education Q: The Gov. appointed various commissions to study Indian education and to submit recommendation Radha Krishnan Commission (1948)  To study university education  Start professional educational institutions  Give important to women education... Lakshmana swami mudaliyar commission (1952)  To study secondary education  Implement three language formula  Establish multipurpose schools Kothari Commission (1964)  To study national pattern of education  Implement 10 +2 +3 pattern of education  Start VHSE Major recommendation of the national policy on education in 1986  Encouraging girls education  Started Navodaya Vidyalayas in every districts  Launching operation Black Board programme  Focusing primary and continuing education In 2009 Gov. of India enacted a law by which education became a fundamental right Foreign policy  Nehru is the chief architect of the foreign policy of India Main principles of India's foreign policy  Policy of non-alignment  Punchsheel principles  Resistance to colonialism  Resistance to imperialism  Opposite to racism  Peaceful co-existence  Trust of UNO A+ BLOG- www.apluseducare.blogspot.com or Whatsapp 9746544422 Page 3  A+ SOCIAL SCIENCE Punchasheel principles  It is signed by India and china 1954  This agreement was signed by Nehru and Chou En-Lai  Mutual non-aggression  Mutual non-Interference in each other's internal affairs  Peaceful co-existence  Equality and co-operation  Mutual respect for each other's territory Prepared by: Habeb Rahman P A Talent Institute Vengara- Malappuram More Resources, Visit https://apluseducare.blogspot.com/ Telegram Group: https://t.me/joinchat/ELv60hbE_g9Hvimlp0s1BA A+ BLOG- www.apluseducare.blogspot.com or Whatsapp 9746544422 Page 4