Cotton Production (Lesson 13) PDF
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This document provides an overview of cotton production, detailing global and Indian scenarios. It covers various aspects, including varieties, cultivation methods, and important factors influencing production. The document also includes data on world and Indian production statistics.
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Lesson 13 COTTON Gossipium sp ________________________________________________________________________ Cotton It is white gold Backbone of textile industry Contributes 7% of GDP Providi...
Lesson 13 COTTON Gossipium sp ________________________________________________________________________ Cotton It is white gold Backbone of textile industry Contributes 7% of GDP Providing employment to 60 million people in India 45% world’s fibre need is met from 10% of world’s edible oil Importance of cotton It is cultivated primarily for lint Raw cotton is also used for medical and surgical purpose Linters are used cushions, pillows etc Also used for high grade paper, rayon, films, explosives Stalk is a fuel Seed crushed for edible oil Cakes and meals are excellent cattle feed Cotton – World production Scenario (1996-97) Country Area -M ha Lint -M tonnes kg lint /ha India 9.2 3.0 327 USA 5.2 4.1 792 China 4.7 4.2 890 Pak 3.2 1.6 497 Uzbekistan 1.5 1.0 689 World 33.8 19.4 574 + Argentine, Turkey, Brazil, Turkmenistan, Greece, Australia, Egypt Cotton – Indian Scenario (1996-97) State Area -M ha Lint -M tonnes kg lint /ha Maharastra 3.10 Lint is 30% of 182 Kapas0.56 Gujarat 1.52 0.43 282 AP 1.01 0.48 477 Punjab 0.74 0.27 367 Karnataka 0.67 0.15 229 Haryana 0.65 0.23 354 Rajasthan 0.65 0.24 364 MP 0.53 0.32 605 TN 0.26 0.09 360 India 9.17 2.97 327 Note: Lint is around 30% of kapas Cotton is cultivated in 9 states in India Area is classified as: Northern – Punjab, Haryana, NW Rajasthan & W. UP (hirsutum-arboreum) Central – Maharastra, MP, Gujarat & S. rajasthan (herbaceum – arboreum- hirsutum) Southern – Karnatak, AP & TN – (hirsutum- arboreum- herbaceum) Origin Old world cotton with ‘A’ genome may be from Southern Ethiopia G. arboreum and G. harbaceum Called as ‘desi’ cotton New world cotton ‘D’ genome G. barbadense,(Egyptian) G hirsutm (American) are New world cotton Cultivars and hybrids Lot of work on varietal improvement as early as 1900 Hybrids are available at plenty o Hirsutum varieties are famous MCU series MCU 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 LRA 5166 o Arboreum K 9, 10, 11 o Barbedense Suvin (Anjali), Surabi o Hybrids Jayalakshmi, TCHB 213, HB 224, The plant Root o Tap root system o Grows more than 1.6 m Shoot and branches o Monopodium and sympodia o It is similar in all except arboreum In arboreum growth continues in monopodium Leaf o Spirally arranged on the main stem Fruiting structure o Begins as flower bud or square o After flowering t becomes a fruit called boll Growth stages Germination phase -4-7 days Early vegetative phase Squaring- it may be from 35-70DAS depending upon o The variety o Location and o Management Flowering o 20-35 days after first square formation o It continues for 60-80 days o However peak flowering is 70-100 DAS Boll development o Within 15-18 days boll attains 90% size o Mature size is attained within 25 days o Cotton fibre develops from the outermost cells of the seed-coat o Fibre elongation is complete by day 21-24 o Secondary wall thickening strengthens the fibre and continues up to 30-40 days after anthesis Climate A mean average temp of