Internet Of Things Actuators PDF

Istanbul Beykent University INTERNET OF THINGS DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING 1 Actuation 2  Actuators convert an electrical signal into a corresponding physical quantity such as...

Istanbul Beykent University INTERNET OF THINGS DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING 1 Actuation 2  Actuators convert an electrical signal into a corresponding physical quantity such as movement, force, sound etc. An actuator is also classed as a transducer because it changes one type of physical Actuation quantity into another and is usually activated or operated by a low voltage command signal. Actuators can be classified by the motion they produce and the power source they use. 3 Type of Actuators Motion Actuators can create two main types of motion: Linear Rotary 4 Linear Actuators Linear actuators are devices that produce movement within a straight path. Any machine, equipment, or gadget that requires some form of straight motion typically has a linear actuator. 5 Rotary Actuators Rotary actuators create a circular motion. Many rotary actuators are electrically powered. You can find rotary actuators in electric fans. 6 Source of Energy To further distinguish different types of actuators, we can also sort them according to the power source or system they use to move. ▪ Hydraulic Actuators ▪ Pneumatic Actuators ▪ Electric Actuators ▪ Thermal and Magnetic Actuators ▪ Mechanical Actuators ▪ Super coiled Polymer Actuators 7 Hydraulic Actuators Hydraulic actuators operate by the use of a fluid-filled cylinder with a piston suspended at the center. Commonly, hydraulic actuators produce linear movements, and a spring is attached to one end as a part of the return motion. These actuators are widely seen in exercise equipment such as steppers or car transport carriers. 8 Pneumatic Actuators They use pressurized gases to create mechine motion. Examples of equipment that uses pneumatic actuators include: Bus brakes Exercise machines etc.. 9 Electric Actuators Electrical actuators, as you may have guessed, require electricity to work. Well-known examples include electric cars, manufacturing machinery, and robotics equipment. Similar to pneumatic actuators, they also create precise motion as the flow of electrical power is constant. 10 Electric Actuators The different types of electrical actuators include Electro mechanical actuators: These actuators convert electric signals into rotary or linear movements and may even be capable of a combination of both. Electro hydraulic actuators: This type of actuator is also powered electrically but gives movement to a hydraulic accumulator. The accumulator then provides the force for movement, usually seen in heavy industrial equipment. 11 Thermal and Magnetic Actuators Thermal and magnetic actuators usually consist of shape memory alloys that can be heated to produce movement. The motion of thermal or magnetic actuators often comes from the Joule effect, but it can also occur when a coil is placed in a static magnetic field. The magnetic field causes constant motion called the Laplace-Lorentz force. Most thermal and magnetic actuators can produce a wide and powerful range of motion while remaining lightweight. 12 Mechanical Actuators Some actuators are mostly mechanical, such as pulleys or rack and pinion systems. Another mechanical force is applied, such as pulling or pushing, and the actuator will leverage that single movement to produce the desired results. 13 Super coiled Polymer Actuators ▪ Super coiled polymer actuators are a relatively new addition to the different types of actuators. ▪ They are used in robotics and prosthetic limbs as they can replicate the motion of human muscle via a coil that contracts and expands when heated or cooled. 14 Basics of IoT Networking 15 Basics of IoT Networking IoT Network An IoT network refers to a collection of interconnected devices that communicate with other devices without the need of human involvement; such as autonomous cars, smart appliances, and wearable tech. 16 IoT Components 1. Smart devices and sensors – Device connectivity 2. Gateway 3. Cloud 4. Analytics 5. User interface 17 Smart devices and sensors – Device connectivity Devices and sensors are the components of the device connectivity layer. These smart sensors are continuously collecting data from the environment and transmit the information to the next layer. 18 Common sensors Temperature sensors and thermostats Pressure sensors Humidity / Moisture level Light intensity detectors Moisture sensors Proximity detection RFID tags 19 How the devices are connected? 20 Gateway 21 Gateway IoT Gateway manages the bidirectional data traffic between different networks and protocols. Another function of gateway is to translate different network protocols and make sure interoperability of the connected devices and sensors. 22 Cloud Internet of things creates massive data from devices, applications and users which has to be managed in an efficient way. IoT cloud offers tools to collect, process, manage and store huge amount of data in real time. 23 Analytics Analytics is the process of converting analog data from billions of smart devices and sensors into useful insights which can be interpreted and used for detailed analysis. One of the major advantages of an efficient IoT system is real time smart analytics 24 User interface User interfaces are the visible, tangible part of the IoT system which can be accessible by users. Modern technology offers much interactive design to ease complex tasks into simple touch panels controls. Multicolour touch panels have replaced hard switches in our household appliances and the trend is increasing for almost every smart home devices. 25 IOT Interdependencies: Another perspective of IOT How much power is required, for how long it is going to power, What are the ways to harvest energy if at all it can be harvested. How much power consumption is going to take place at different points of time, can it be optimized different points of operation on and so on and so forth. 26 27