Basics of Railway Signal Engineering PDF

BASICS OF RAILWAY SIGNAL ENGINEERING G.V.RAO-ITD2 IRISET/SC SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 1  CHAPTER -1 INTRODUCTION TO RAILWAY SIGNALLING SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 2 VARIOUS TRANSPORT SYS...

BASICS OF RAILWAY SIGNAL ENGINEERING G.V.RAO-ITD2 IRISET/SC SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 1  CHAPTER -1 INTRODUCTION TO RAILWAY SIGNALLING SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 2 VARIOUS TRANSPORT SYSTEM Permanent way S.V. Rao 4  Railway signalling Railway Signal- apparatus used to provide non- verbal, safe and precise information to driver Aspect- How signal appears ( Red, Yellow& Green ) Indication- Information provided by aspect ON aspect- Most restrictive aspect ( RED for Stop Sig) OFF aspect- Other than ON aspect ( Yellow / Double Yellow/ Green ) SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 5  ROAD SIGNAL Railway signal SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 6  Two Aspect Lower Quadrant Signalling I. Stop Signal ON Aspect: to 00 50 OFF Aspect: 450 to 600 Indication- Stop Dead Indication- Proceed 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 7  Upper Quadrant Semaphore Signalling I. Stop Signal 00 to 50 400 to 450 850 to 900 Stop Dead Proceed and be prepared to Proceed stop at the next Stop Signal 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 8  Multiple Aspect Colour Light Signals I. Stop Signal (Three aspect) Stop Caution Proceed 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 9  Multiple Aspect Colour Light Signals Stop Signal (Four aspect) 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 10  Need for Signaling in Railways: Signalling in railways has evolved for the following: Running trains safely by securing it`s intended path. Handle more trains effectively. Unambiguous & Timely Communication to Loco Pilot for regulating speed of train The Train Loco Pilot is very much dependent on the aspect of the signal for controlling the speed of train SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 11  Railway Signalling conveys the following Timely information to Loco Pilot for regulating speed of his train. Information is conveyed by a signal showing various aspects.. Many signals are interlinked for giving advance information. A signal ensures Physical clearance of intended path. Securing various points in the path. Closure of Level crossing gates. No other train is moving in this path. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 12 Axle with wheels S.V. Rao 13 Wheel Flange G.V Rao- ITD2 14  Point STOCK RAIL Stock Rail, Tongue rail ( Switch rails ) G.V. Rao 15 Points & Cross over 16  Individual Point 1676 MM 17 Point Clamp 18 Hand Operated Point  Facing Point & Trailing Point POINTS : A Mechanism provided on the track to facilitate diversion of trains from one route to another. (Our Engines do not have steering wheel as available in motor cars) Crossing Facing Point Trailing Point Sig yellow with route Point reverse Sig yellow without route Point normal  EXAMPLE Pt.C Z X Y Point.A Pt.B Pt. A for train X T Pt. B for train Y F Pt. C for train Z F T Pt. B for train Z Points & Signals S.V. Rao 24  TURNOUTS FACING POINT TRAILING POINT SE4-CAVACH VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 25 Station yard ( Points ) S.V. Rao 26  Signalling concepts CONTROL OVER MOVEMENT OF TRAINS Time Interval Method and Space Interval Method 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 27  Control over movement of trains Trains cannot be steered away as in the case of other transports. They are required to follow one another in the same direction on the length of track. Another set of diversion track is required to be provided either for overtaking vehicles moving in the same direction or for crossing the vehicles from the opposite direction. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 28  Control over movement of trains Time Interval Method- Different types of trains like, Express/Mail, passenger, high-speed freight and low speed freight shunting trains are running etc. The speed of all the trains are not same The terrain of the country is not same everywhere The brake power, hauling capacity, load of train is not same for all trains; and The stopping places of all trains are not the same 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 29  Control over movement of trains Space Interval Method In this method of "Control over movement", the length of track is divided into sections called "Blocks". The entry of a train into the ‘block’ is controlled in such a way that only when it is free, a train can be allowed to enter it. This means that between two consecutive trains, there is a definite space interval. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 30  The space interval system uses the block working wherein the entry of train onto the block section is jointly controlled by the entry and exist points of the block section. The driver is authorized to proceed into a section by the signal controlling the entry to the section. The main purpose of Railway Signalling Systems is to maintain a safe distance between trains on the same track. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 31  SIGNALS P ER UP IN AN T T DR N Fixed Signals: GR 3.03 to 3.51 Q U A EME M OV LH RH UQ UQ Hand Signals: GR 3.52 to 3.58 LH RH Detonating Signals: IN WE A NT ENT LQ LQ L O A DR VE R M GR 3.59 to 3.64 U Q O M Flare Signals: GR 3.65 to 3.67 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 32  TYPES OF SIGNALS Signals Visual Audible Movable Flare Signal Fixed Signal Detonators Voice Whistle Flag Signal Running Subsidiary Calling On Shunt Multiple Aspect Signal Signal Colour Light Signal 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 Note: CLS - Colour Light 33 Signal  Hand Signals STOP: PROCEED: 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 34  Hand Signals Move towards the person signalling Move slowly for coupling 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 35  Flare Signals 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 36  Detonating Signals 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 37  Banner Flag A banner flag is a temporary fixed danger signal, consisting of a red cloth supported at each end on a post and stretched across the line to which it refers. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 38  Block Instruments 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 39  Block Instruments 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 40  CHAPTER -2 INTRODUCTION TO RULES, MANUALS AND SPECIFICATIONS SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 41  General and Subsidiary Rules (G&SR) The General Rules for Open Lines of the Railways 1976 have been framed under Section 198 of the Railways Act 1989 by the Government of India. GR is common for all zonal Railways GR is issued by Railway Board The Subsidiary Rules ( SR ) and the Special Instructions of the Zonal Railways are issued by the Principle Chief Operations Manager, the Authorized Officer, on the authority of GR 1.02 (5). SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 42  Signal Engineering Manual (IRSEM) Signal Engineering Manual deals with items of general nature, organization of Signal and Telecommunication department, duties and responsibilities of Officers and staff at various levels and general requirements for installation of signaling equipments etc IRSEM Issued by Railway Board SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 43  Telecom Manual This manual provides detailed guidelines for setting up and maintaining the telecommunication systems. This manual also gives an overview about Organization of the Signal and Telecommunication Department both at Headquarters and at Division. This manual is issued by Railway Board, SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 44  A.C Traction Manual The "A. C. Traction Manual" contains installation, maintenance and operation of 25 kV/AC 50 Hz single phase traction installations, electric locomotives and electrical multiple units and other connected matters including railway electrification. This manual is issued by Railway Board. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 45  Permanent way Manual The manual contains uniform procedures and practices to be followed on Indian Railways by Engineering department This manual is issued by Railway Board. Block Manual This manual contains instructions in detail regarding block working pertaining to that railway This manual is issued by Principle Chief Operations Manager ( PCOM ) SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 46  Accident Manual This manual contains all the rules regarding the class and description of accidents, accident Enquiries and procedures for reporting accidents. This manual is issued by Principle Chief Operations Manager Schedule of Dimensions (SOD) The Schedule of Dimensions is meant to safeguard the interests of both the rail users as well as the railways and must be rigidly followed by the railways This manual is issued by Railway Board. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 47  Indian Railway Standard Specifications Specifications for materials used for signalling purposes have been drawn out by the Director General, Research, Designs and Standards Organisation (DG/RDSO), Ministry of Railways, Lucknow and are titled as "Indian Railway Standard Specifications SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 48  Some of the specifications are listed below RDSO/SPN/ 153 /2011 for LED Signals IRS-S-63 /2007 PVC Signalling Cables IS-266 for ACID IS 1069 for Distilled water SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 49  CCRS -CHIEF COMMISSIONER OF RAILWAY SAFETY, CRS (under approved special instructions) means an Inspector appointed to exercise any functions under the Act, and includes a Commissioner of Railway Safety Authorized officer (special instructions) means instructions issued from time to time by the authorised officer in respect to particular cases or special circumstances. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 50 IRISET MSDAC – Comparative Study Ver 1.0 51  CHAPTER -3 DEFINITIONS ( GR 1.02 ) SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 52  Definitions Adequate Distance: – means the distance sufficient to ensure safety. Signal 1 Signal 2 For taking off Signal 1, portion shown beyond Signal 2 must also be clear. This portion is the Adequate Distance. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 53  INTERLOCKING- means an arrangement of signals, points and other appliances, operated from a panel or lever frame, so interconnected by mechanical locking or electrical locking or both that their operation must take place in proper sequence to ensure safety MULTIPLE ASPECT SIGNALLING- means a Signalling arrangement in which signals display at any one time any one of the three or more aspects and in which the aspect of every signal is pre-warned by the aspect of the previous signal or signals. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 54  Mechanical Interlocking 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 55  RELAY INTERLOCKING SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 56  RELAY INTERLOCKING 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 57  ELECTRONIC INTERLOCKING SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 58  ASPECT & INDICATIONS OF MACLS ASPECT STOP CAUTION PROCEED INDICATION STOP DEAD Proceed & be PROCEED prepared to stop SUBJECT at SECUNDERABAD IRISET- next signal 59  Block Section Means that portion of the running line between two block stations on to which no running train may enter until Line Clear has been received from the block station at the other end of the block station. Block section = LSS ( Rear Stn ) to FSS ( Advance Stn ) + Adequate distance Adv. Starter Home Signal Block Section Block Station Overlap Station 1 2 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 60  Station section At a class B station provided with manually operated MA signals, which is included- (a) On a double line- i) Between the outermost facing points and the last Stop Signal of the station in either direction, or ii) Between the BSLB where provided and the Last Stop Signal of the station in either direction, or (b) On a single line- i) Between the Shunting Limit Boards or Adv. Strs (if any), or ii) Between the outermost facing points, if there are no Shunting Limit Boards or Adv Strs. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 61  Station Section (shown in green) 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 62 Station Limits- means the portion of a railway which is under the control of a Station Master and is situated between the outermost signals of the station or as may be specified by special instructions. Example: The Station Limits are reckoned between the Distant and the last stop signal in each direction on single distant territory 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 63  Block Back: – Means to dispatch a message from a Block Station intimating to the block station immediately in rear on a double line or to the next block station on either side on a single line, that the block section is obstructed or is to be obstructed. Station 2 Blocks Back this line Station 1 blocks back this line Station 1 Station 2 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 64  Block Forward: Means to dispatch a message from a Block Station on a double line intimating to the block station immediately in advance the fact that the block section in advance is obstructed or is to be obstructed. Station 1 Block Forward this line Station 2 blocks Station 1 Forward this line Station 2 02.06.2020 65 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 In Rear of a Signal: means the territory over which an approaching train has to pass before reaching the signal location. In Advance of a Signal: A term used in defining a territory beyond a signal as seen from the approaching train Direction of train In rear of signal In advance of signal 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 66 Line Capacity- means the maximum number of trains that can be run on any given section during a calendar day of 24 hours. Running Train- means a train which has started under an authority to proceed and has not completed its journey. Day -means from sunrise to sunset. Night- means from sunset to sunrise. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 67 FOULING MARK -means the mark at which the infringement of fixed Standard FM Dimensions occurs, where two lines cross or join one another. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 68  Classification of Stations Block Stations : Class A, Class B, Class C. Non-block Stations: Class D 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 69 Approved Special Instructions- mean special instructions approved of or prescribed by the Commissioner of Railway Safety. Authority to Proceed means - the authority given to the driver of a running train under the system of working to enter the Block Section with his train. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 70  Fixed Signal Definition: GR 1.01(22) A signal of fixed location indicating a condition affecting the movement of a train and includes fixed light for use by day and fixed light for use by night. MACLS – Multiple Aspect Colour light signalling 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 71  TRACK CIRCUIT -means an electrical circuit provided to detect the presence of a vehicle on a portion of track, the rails of the track forming part of the circuit. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 72  Track Circuit Glued joints Glued joints TL JB TL JB RT Track relay Track feed Battery Charger Battery IRISET MSDAC – Comparative Study Ver 1.0 74  CHAPTER -4 FIXED SIGNALS , ASPECTS & INDICATIONS SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 75  Main signals MACLS Misc Subsidiary signals signals SE4-CAVACH VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 76  Distant Reception signals signals Home Main signal signals Dispatch Starter & signals LSS SE4-CAVACH VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 77  MACLS - Advantages Same aspect by Day and Night. Luminous signals. Do not depend on reflected light for visibility. Electrical operation hence fast response No mechanical transmission; no moving parts; no drooping of signals; no restriction on range of operation. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 78  Ahead signal aspects pre-warned by rear signals Long range of operation Better visibility of Main signals Maximum four aspects possible RG aspect at drivers eye level Less maintenance due to wear & tear less SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 79  Multiple Aspect Colour Light Signals I. Stop Signal (Three aspect) Stop Caution Proceed 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 80  Multiple Aspect Colour Light Signals Stop Signal (Three aspect) ASPECT & INDICATION OF MULTIPLE ASPECT COLOUR LIGHT SIGNAL ASPECT STOP CAUTION PROCEED INDICATION STOP DEAD PROCEED & BE PROCEED PREPARED TO STOP AT THE NEXT STOP SIGNAL 18.11.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.1 81  Multiple Aspect Colour Light Signals Stop Signal (Four aspect) 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 82  ASPECT & INDICATION OF MACLS ASPECT STOP CAUTION PROCEED INDICATION STOP PROCEED & BE PREPARED TO PROCEED DEAD STOP AT THE NEXT STOP SIGNAL SE4-CAVACH VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 83  Multiple Aspect Colour Light Signals Stop Signal (Four aspect) 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 84  ASPECT & INDICATION OF MULTIPLE FOUR ASPECT COLOUR LIGHT SIGNAL ASPECT STOP CAUTION ATTENTION PROCEED INDICATION STOP DEAD PROCEED & BE PREPARED Proceed &be prepared to PROCEED TO STOP AT THE NEXT pass next stop signal at STOP SIGNAL restricted speed SE4-CAVACH VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 85  Multiple Aspect Colour Light Signals Distant Signal Yellow Green Yellow Yellow P P P ASPECT Caution Attention Proceed Proceed & be Proceed & be prepared to pass next INDICATION prepared to stop at Stop Signal at such speed as Proceed next Stop Signal prescribed by special instruction 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 86  Multiple Aspect Colour Light Permessive Signal P P P SE4-CAVACH VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 87  Symbols used to show Signals 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 88 IRISET MSDAC – Comparative Study Ver 1.0 89  CHAPTER -5 DESIGNATION OF SIGNALS SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 90  Fixed Signals Multiple Aspect Colour Light Signals 91  Signals at Stations Multiple Aspect Signals: Reception Signals: Distant Inner distant Home ( FSS ) GR 3.07 (6) covers Dispatch Signals: the provision of 2 Starter Distant Signals. Intermediate Starter Advanced Starter ( LSS ) 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 92  Multiple Aspect Colour Light Signals I. Stop Signal (Three aspect) Stop Caution Proceed 93  Multiple Aspect Colour Light Signals I. Stop Signal (Four aspect) 94 Multiple Aspect Colour Light Signals II. Distant Signal P P P 95  Calling On signals ‘C’ Marker Driver to obey Calling On Signal 96 Position Light Type shunt signal ON ASPECT OFF ASPECT 97 Flare Signals 98  Advance Starter or SLB or BSLB At class B single line stations: AS or SLB required if obstructing of line outside Home is to be permitted. Distance between AS or SLB and opposing FSS shall not be less than 400m (for 2 aspect) or 180m (for MA) At class B double line stations: BSLB only for MA Only where there are no points or outermost points at approaching end are trailing Located not less than 180m in advance of Home and protects outermost trailing points, if any 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 99  Block Section Limit Board and Shunting Limit Board BLOCK SECTION SHUNTING LIMIT BOARD LIMIT BOARD 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 100 IRISET MSDAC – Comparative Study Ver 1.0 101  CHAPTER -6 SUBSIDIARY SIGNALS, INDICATORS & MARKERS 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 102  Subsidiary Signals Calling –ON Signal 18.11.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.1 103  Subsidiary signal ( Shunt sig ) SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 104  Subsidiary Signals Signals which control movement of trains within the Station Section are :- – Shunt signals – Calling-on Signals And are called as Subsidiary Signals 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 105  Special features of Subsidiary signals These signals authorize movement at slow speeds only. Movement is within the station area. Unlike running signals, they may authorize movement on to occupied lines. Visibility of signals is not critical. Pre-warning is not required. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 106  Shunt Signal (GR 3.14) Used for shunting within the station yard, Movement is authorized at such slow speed as to be able to stop short of any obstruction GR 5.13 (3) : The speed during shunting operations shall not exceed 15 kmph unless otherwise authorized by special instructions Can be on a post by itself or below a stop signal (except the First Stop Signal) More than one shunt signal may be placed on the same post When taken off, it authorizes the driver to draw ahead even though the Stop signal above it may be On 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 107  Subsidiary signal ( Shunt Sig ) SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 108  SHUNT SIGNALS (GR 3.14) Shunt signal when taken 'OFF' authorises the driver to draw ahead with caution even though the stop signal, if any, above it is at 'ON' position,  The shunt signal shall be Position Light Shunt Signals.  When a Shunt Signal is placed below a Stop Signal, it shall show no light in the "ON“ position. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 109  Shunt below starter Independent shunt signal SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 110  Calling On signal Have no independent existence Provided below Stop Signal governing approach of train expect Last Stop Signal C- Marker should be provided Train can be received on occupied line Train movement with in station section only 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 111  Calling On signal in CLS Driver to obey ‘C’ Marker Calling On Signal 18.11.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.1 112  Calling –ON signal below starter signal SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 113  Indicators and Markers  Indicators and Markers are provided on certain signals or points to provide extra information to the Drivers. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 114  Indicators and Markers on MACLS 11502.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0  Markers on Colour Light Signal Posts C P R A IB Calling-On A Signal Repeating Permissive Semi Signal Signal Auto Signal Intermediate Auto Signal Block Signal 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 116  Markers on Colour Light Signal Posts G A G A AG Gate Signal Gate Signal in Gate Signal in Semi Auto Territory when interlocked Auto Territory with Points also 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 117  Gate Stop Signal 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 118  Distant Signal 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 119  Calling- ON Signal 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 120  Automatic Signal 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 121  Semi Automatic Stop Signal A 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 122  Gate stop Signal in Automatic Territory A 18.11.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.1 123  Gate Stop Signal in Automatic Territory A A A AG 18.11.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.1 124  Gate Stop Signal in Automatic Territory Points are correctly set, A locked LC gate is closed properly and signal is working as Automatic Signal 18.11.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.1 125  Gate Stop Signal in Automatic Territory LC gate is defective but points are correctly set, locked and signal is working as Gate stop Signal AG 18.11.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.1 126  Point Indicator  Point indicators are appliances fitted to points to indicate the position in which the points are set. TARGET TYPE POINT INDICATOR They show a white target (during day) or a white light (during night) in both directions when points are set for straight & no target or green light SET FOR SET FOR when set for turnout. STRAIGHT TURNOUT 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 127  Trap Indicators  Trap indicators are appliances fitted to Trap points to indicate the position in which they are set. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 128  Trap Indicators TARGET TYPE TRAP INDICATOR They show a red target (during day) or a red light (during night) in both directions when trap points are open & TRAP OPEN TRAP CLOSED no target or green OR OR light when trap points DERAIL ON DERAIL OFF are closed. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 129  Route Indicators  A common signal with route indicator is provided in lieu of separate signals on a bracketed post or a gantry.  A Route indicator may be of : ◦ Stencil type ◦ multi-lamp type ◦ junction type 18.11.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.1 130  Route Indicators DIRECTIONAL TYPE MULTI LAMP TYPE STENCIL TYPE ROUTE INDICATOR ROUTE INDICATOR ROUTE INDICATOR [For any speed ] [Speed up to 15 kmph] [Speed up to 15 kmph] 18.11.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.1 131  Block Section Limit Board and Shunting Limit Board BLOCK SECTION SHUNTING LIMIT BOARD LIMIT BOARD 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 132  Passenger warning Board Goods warning Board 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 133  Various Indicators used by permanent way Department T 10 S P 10 Caution Termination Speed 'S' Marker Indicator Indicator Indicator Board 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 134 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 135 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 136 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 137 IRISET MSDAC – Comparative Study Ver 1.0 138  CHAPTER -7 OVERLAPS ( SIG & BLOCK OVERLAPS) SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 139  Adequate distance GR 1.02 (2), Adequate Distance means the distance sufficient to ensure safety. This is the length of track in advance of a signal which must be kept clear before the signal next in rear can be taken off. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 140  Adequate distance (contd.) Conditions for taking off Stop Signals -  GR 3.40: The Home signal shall not be taken off unless,  On a double line the line is clear for an adequate distance beyond the starter, or  On a single line, line is clear for an adequate distance beyond the trailing points. (except at a terminal station or unless the train has been brought to a stop in rear of it) 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 141  GR 3.42: The LSS or IBS shall not be taken OFF for a train unless Line Clear has been obtained from the block station in advance.  GR 8.01 (1) (b) & (c ) : Such Line Clear shall not be given unless the line is clear not only up to the FSS but also for an adequate distance beyond it. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 142  LSS OF DISTANT FIRST STOP STN 'A' STN 'A' SIGNAL SIGNAL OF STN 'B' STN 'B' RUNNING LINE P ACTUAL ROUTE OF LSS OF STN 'A' LSS OF STN 'B' BLOCK OVERLAP BLOCK SECTION PORTION OF TRACK TO BE KEPT CLEAR BEFORE "LINE CLEAR IS GIVEN BY STN 'B' TO STN 'A' 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 143  Adequate distance (contd.) GR 9.01(c ) ( i ): The automatic signal shall not assume off aspect unless the line is clear not only up to the next Stop signal in advance but also for an adequate distance beyond it A Stop Signal shall not display Off aspect unless the line is clear not only up to the next stop signal but also an adequate distance beyond it. 18.11.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.1 144  OVERLAP OVERLAP- means the length of track in advance of a stop signal (S2), which must be kept clear, either for clearing the stop signal next in rear (S1)or for the purpose of granting permission to approach. S1 S2 Route of signal S1 Overlap of S1  S.O = 120 mts (a) SIGNAL OVERLAP IN 2-ASPECT (b) SIGNAL OVERLAP IN M.A.S. A B OBSTRUCTION 1.4 km 1 km S.O = 120 mts PASSENGER FIRST STOP OBSTRUCTION WARNING BOARD (b) SIGNAL OVERLAP IN M.A.S. SIGNAL GOODS WARNING 1.4 km B.O = 400 mts BOARD 1 km PASSENGER FIRST STOP OBSTRUCTION (c) BLOCK WARNING OVERLAP IN 2-ASPECT BOARD SIGNAL GOODS WARNING B.O = 400 mts BOARD DISTANT FIRST STOP SIGNAL SIGNAL (c) BLOCK OVERLAP IN 2-ASPECT OBSTRUCTION P DISTANT FIRST STOP SIGNAL 1 km SIGNAL B.O = 180 mts OBSTRUCTION P (d) BLOCK OVERLAP IN M.A.S. 1 km B.O = 180 mts (d) BLOCK OVERLAP IN M.A.S. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 146  Overlaps Type of signal Signals MACLS Automatic signaling Automatic on double line signaling on single line Signal 120 Mtrs. 120 Mtrs. 120 Mtrs. overlap Block 180 Mtrs. --- ----- overlap 18.11.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.1 147  Sand hump 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 148 IRISET MSDAC – Comparative Study Ver 1.0 149  CHAPTER -8 & 9 Braking Distance, Sighting Distance & Visibility of Signals 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 150  Braking Distance The distance travelled by a train after its brakes are applied is known as the Braking Distance. When normal or service brakes are applied (shutting off power and gradual application of brakes), the distance travelled is called Service Braking Distance (SBD). When emergent brakes are applied (shutting off power and full application of brakes), the distance travelled is called Emergency Braking Distance (EBD). 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 151  Braking Distance Braking distance is a function of speed, brake power, gradient, condition and type of rolling stock, condition of rails, curvature, wind speed etc. Since these factors are difficult to assess, trials are conducted by RDSO to determine the EBDs of different types of trains, locomotives etc. at various speeds and results are published and circulated periodically. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 152  Sighting Distance Sighting distance- is the distance over which the most restrictive aspect of a signal is visible from the locomotive cab. Every signal must be so located as to provide the minimum SD necessary for it. After sighting a signal, the driver reacts to it and then applies brakes (if required). Reaction Distance (RD)- is the distance travelled by the train during this time. Therefore, SD should be equal to or more than RD+EBD. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 153  Sighting Distance for FSS For 2 aspect signals, since there is no pre-warning, SD = RD + EBD For multi aspect signals, since there is pre-warning, SD = RD only (because EBD is available between the sighted signal and the next signal where the train may have to stop). 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 154  Visibility of Signals MULTIPLE ASPECT SIGNALS Distant Signal 400 Metres Inner Distant Signal 200 Metres (where provided) All Stop Signals 200 Metres Subsidiary signals - Visibility is not a criteria If it is not possible to ensure 200 Metres (7 to 8 seconds) continuous visibility of any stop signal while approaching it, a suitable speed restriction shall be imposed. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 155 IRISET MSDAC – Comparative Study Ver 1.0 156  CHAPTER – 10 & 11 Isolation & Simultaneous Reception 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 157  ISOLATION ISOLATION- means an arrangement, secured by the setting of points or other approved means, to protect the line so isolated from the danger of obstruction from other connected line or lines.  Isolation: Requirements GR 4.11 Limits of speeds while running through stations (1) No train shall run through an interlocked station at a speed exceeding 50 kmph... unless the line on which the train is to run has been isolated from all other lines by the setting of points and interlocking is such as to maintain this condition during the passage of the train. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 159  Isolation required A line on which train movements at speeds higher than 50 kmph are permitted should be isolated from all connected lines. Passenger lines should be isolated from all connected goods lines and sidings, whatever the speed may be. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 160  The isolation of goods reception lines from sidings is considered desirable. It is not necessary to isolate one goods reception line from another goods or one passenger line from another passenger line when dealing with speeds of 50 kmph and less. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 161  - Means of isolation Isolation may be accomplished by - –(a) connection to another line or long siding; –(b) the provision of short dead end siding; or –(c) the provision of trap – ( d ) Slip siding –( e) Catch siding 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 162  Siding, Dead End, Single Derailing Switch 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 163  Line I When point is in normal then cross movement is not possible Hence line I and line II can be isolated Line II xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Line I When point is in normal OR in reveres position then cross movement is always possible from line I to line II Hence line I and line II can not be isolated Line II  Derailing Switch, Dead End, Sand Hump 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 165  SLIP SIDING & CATCH SIDING For all gauges the maximum gradient permitted within the station yard is 1:1200. If steeper gradients are available in close proximity of station yard then special type siding are provided. "SLIP SIDING" has to be provided, where the gradient steeper than 1:100 & falling away from the station. SLIP SIDING protects block section, Prevents un authorised entry of vehicles into the next block section.  “CATCH SIDING” provided where the gradient steeper than 1:80 & falling towards the station. CATCH SIDING protects station section. Prevents un authorised entry of vehicles into station &Trap uncontrolled vehicles coming from the block section "Slip siding" and `catch siding' points must be interlocked with the block instruments, Normally point of such sidings should set for siding & should not be used for shunting or stabling purposes. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 167  Slip Siding 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 168  Catch Siding 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 169  Simultaneous Reception - GR 3.47 Taking off signals for more than one train at a time - When two or more trains are approaching simultaneously from any direction, the signals for one train only shall be taken off, other necessary signals being kept at on, until the train for which the signals have been taken off has come to a stand at the station 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 170  Simultaneous Reception GR 5.16 Shunting during reception of trains - When signals have been taken off for an incoming train on to a line which is not isolated, no shunting movement shall be carried out towards points over which the incoming train is to pass. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 171  Simultaneous Reception Line 1 Line 2 (Main Line) Line 3 UNIVERSAL 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 172  SIMULTANEOUS RECEPTION IS POSSIBLE POINT REVERSE POINT NORMAL Overlap Overlap POINT NORMAL POINT REVERSE If Over shoots  SIMULTANEOUS RECEPTION IS NOT POSSIBLE POINT REVERSE POINT NORMAL Overlap POINT NORMAL Overlap If Over shoots POINT NORMAL  Sand Hump 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 175  Sand Hump 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 176  SIMULTANEOUS RECEPTION & DISPATCH Taking OFF reception signal and dispatch signal for different trains at the same time is called simultaneous dispatch of trains. For simultaneous reception and dispatch of trains, isolation and separate overlap for each movement is ensured.  SIMULTANEOUS RECEPTION & DISPATCH IS POSSIBLE POINT REVERSE POINT NORMAL Overlap POINT NORMAL POINT NORMAL  SIMULTANEOUS RECEPTION & DISPATCH IS NOT POSSIBLE POINT REVERSE POINT NORMAL No separate Overlap Overlap POINT NORMAL POINT NORMAL IRISET MSDAC – Comparative Study Ver 1.0 180  CHAPTER -12 SYSTEMS OF TRAIN WORKING SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 181  Systems of Train working  Chapter VII of GR describes the Systems of working  Systems of Train working: The Absolute Block System, The Automatic Block System, The One Train Only System. The Following Trains System, The Train-staff and Ticket System, and The Pilot Guard System 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 182  The Absolute Block System Essentials (GR 8.01):  No train shall leave a Block Station unless LC has been received from Block Station in advance  On double line, such LC shall not be given unless  The whole of the last preceding train has arrived complete  All necessary signals have been put back to On behind the said train, and line is clear up-to FSS plus adequate distance beyond it 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 183  Unless otherwise approved under "approved special instructions" ( sanction of Commissioner of Railway Safety) block overlap shall not be less than 180 Mts in MACLS SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 184  The Absolute Block System  On single line, such LC shall not be given unless  The whole of last preceding train has arrived complete  All necessary signals have been put back to on behind the said train  line is clear up-to FSS plus adequate distance and it is clear of trains running towards the station to which LC is being given. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 185 Station A Block section Block overlap Station B Dist. of Stn B FSS of Stn B P LSS of Stn A LSS of Stn B P Dist. of Stn A FSS of Stn A Block overlap Block section  The Automatic Block System  Essentials for double line (GR 9.01):  Line must be continuously track circuited  Line between stations is divided into Automatic Block Signalling Sections  Entry into each Section is controlled by MACL stop signals  Track Circuits control the aspect of signals  OFF aspect only when line is clear up-to next signal plus overlap (120 m) 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 187  The Automatic Block System  Essentials for single line (GR 9.03):  Line must be continuously track circuited  Direction of traffic only after LC has been obtained from station in advance  Train to start from the station only after direction of traffic has been established  LC shall not be granted unless line is clear up-to FSS plus overlap 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 188  The Automatic Block System  Essentials for single line (GR 9.03):  Line between stations is divided into Automatic Block Signalling Sections  Entry into each Section is controlled by MACL stop signals  Track Circuits control the aspect of signals OFF aspect only when line is clear up-to next signal 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 189  The Automatic Block System Aspect Control:  Yellow when one signalling section plus overlap is clear  Green when two signalling sections plus overlap is clear (in 3 aspect territory)  Double Yellow when two signalling sections plus overlap is clear (in 4 aspect territory)  Green when 3 signalling sections plus overlap is clear (in 4 aspect territory) 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 190  BLOCK BLOCK BLOCK G G G G 1 2 3 4 S.O S.O S.O S.O R G G G Y R G G Y Y Y R G G Y Y Y R FOR SIGNAL.1. TO ASSUME YELLOW - LINE MUST BE CLEAR FOR ONE BLOCK AND ONE OVERLAP FOR SIGNAL.1. TO ASSUME DOUBLE YELLOW - LINE MUST BE CLEAR FOR TWO BLOCKS AND ONE OVERLAP FOR SIGNAL.1. TO ASSUME GREEN - LINE MUST BE CLEAR FOR THREE BLOCKS AND ONE OVERLAP SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 191  The Automatic Block System  Minimum equipment of signals (GR 9.04)  Manual stop signals at stations  Home  Starter  an Automatic stop signal in rear of Home signal of the station  one or more additional auto signals in between block stations (GR 9.05) 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 192  The Automatic Block System  Points to remember:  Track is continuously track circuited  Signals display Off aspect normally when there are no trains  Signals are replaced automatically to on with the passage of trains past them  Drivers are authorised to pass automatic signals after observing certain precautions 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 193  The Automatic Block System  What happens if an Automatic signal is defective:  Signal can be at ON due to TC failure or some other defect  Driver should stop and wait in rear of signal  one minute during DAY  Two minutes during NIGHT  If signal remains ON, inform Guard by whistle code & hand signal and proceed at restricted speed (15 kmph or less) till he reaches the next signal, then be guided by the aspect of next signal 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 194  Modified Semi-Automatic Signalling Working a. Under special instructions, one of the automatic stop signals between two stations in the automatic block signalling territory on Double Line may be made as modified semi-automatic stop signal in each direction. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 195  During abnormal conditions like fog, bad weather impairing visibility, Modified Semi-Automatic Signal may be worked by extinguishing ‘A’ marker in the manner prescribed under special instructions and this section shall also ensure that the ‘A’ Marker of the Advanced Starter Signal of the station in rear and Home signal of the station in advance shall also be extinguished. (Provisions as per para 9.01 of GR shall be ensured.) SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 196  MODIFIED SEMI-AUTOMATIC SIGNAL SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 197  Markers on Automatic signal Each Automatic Stop Signal shall be identified by its number and provided with a Marker consisting of a white disc with letter ‘A’ in black. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 198  Marker on Semi- Automatic sig A Semi-Automatic Stop Signal shall be provided with a Marker which shall show a white illuminated letter ‘A’ against a black background when the signal works as an Automatic Stop Signal. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 199  Signal interlocked with a level-crossing shall be provided with an enamelled yellow disc with letters 'G' in black and an 'A' marker light. The 'A' marker shall be lit only when the gates are closed and locked against road traffic. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 200  Auto signal interlocked with LC Gate and point SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 201  Points are correctly set, locked LC gate is closed properly and signal is working as Automatic Signal SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 202  LC gate is defective but points are correctly set, locked and signal is working as Automatic Signal SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 203 IRISET MSDAC – Comparative Study Ver 1.0 204  CHAPTER 13 CLASSIFICATION OF STATIONS –A,B & C SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 205  Classification of stations 1. Stations shall, for the purpose of these Rules, be divided into two categories Block Stations, and Non - Block stations. 2. Block stations are those at which the Driver must obtain an authority to proceed under the system of working to enter the block section with his train; and under the absolute Block System consist of three classes- 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 206  Classification of Stations Station Block Station Non Block Station Driver must obtain an authority to proceed enter the block section Class D with his train Stopping Places between two consecutive block Class A stations ( do not form boundary of any block Class B station) Class C Any station which cannot be worked under A, B,C or D class conditions: Special Class : (MUST HAVE THE APPROVAL OF CRS: Commissioner Railway Safety)  Classification of stations Class A stations -Conditions for granting Line Clear at a class `A` station— At a class `A` station on single line or double line, the line shall not be considered clear and Line Clear shall not be given, unless-- (a) the whole of the last preceding train has arrived complete ; (b) all signals have been put back to ‘on’ behind the said train; (c) the line on which it is intended to receive the incoming train is clear up to the Starter and 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 208  (d) all points have been correctly set and all facing points have been locked for the admission of the train on the said line. ( e ) where Line Clear may not be given for a train unless the line on which it is intended to receive the train is clear for at least 400 meters beyond the Home signal, or upto the Starter; SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 209  Conditions for granting Line Clear at a class ‘B’ station.–– At a class ‘B’ station on double line, the line shall not be considered clear and Line Clear shall not be given, unless - (a) the whole of the last preceding train has arrived complete All necessary signals have been put back to ‘on’ behind the said train; and (b) the line is clear - (i) at stations equipped with multiple-aspect signaling - Up to the outermost facing points or the Block Section Limit Board (if any) SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 210  At a class ‘B’ station on single line, the line shall not be considered clear and Line Clear shall not be given, unless – (a) the whole of the last preceding train has arrived complete; (b) all necessary signals have been put back to ‘on’ behind the said train; and (c) the line is clear- up to the Shunting Limit Board or Advanced Starter (if any ) at the end of the station nearest to the expected train, or up to the outermost facing points if there is no Shunting Limit Board or Advanced Starter. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 211  At a class ‘C’ station on single line or double line in multiple-aspect signalling, the line shall not be considered clear and Line Clear shall not be given, unless- (a) the whole of the last preceding train has passed complete at least 400 meters beyond the Home signal and is continuing its journey ; and (b) all signals taken ‘off’ for the preceding train have been put back to ‘on’ behind the said train: Provided that on a single line, the line is also clear of trains running in the opposite direction towards the block hut from the block station at the other end. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 212  Class D stations or Non-block stations are stopping places which are situated between two consecutive block stations, and do not form the boundary of any block section. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 213  Equipment of signals Manually operated Multi aspect signals (GR 3.27) Class of Minimum Additional Station Equipment Equipment A Does not exist B Distant, Home, Starter Adv Str / SLB C Distant, Home 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 214  Comparison between class A & B stations A’ class stations B’ class stations Exist only in 2 aspect Exist in 2 aspect as well as in signalling. multi-aspect signalling Now obsolete. Used only Most stations are B class, under special circumstances. more trains can be dealt There is no station section. There is a definite station No shunting after LC is given. section LC cannot be given to both Shunting is possible. sides simultaneously. No such restriction. LC cannot be given unless No such restriction. reception line is clear. Obstruction is protected by Obstruction is protected by 2 one signal. signals 18.11.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.1 215 IRISET MSDAC – Comparative Study Ver 1.0 216  CHAPTER -14 STANDARDS OF INTERLOCKING SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 217  Standards of Interlocking 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 218  Para No: 7.8.9 of IRSEM (Issue - July 2021): Table-3: Important Minimum Signalling Features DETAILS STD I STD II STD III STD IV Maximum Up to 50Kmph Up to 110Kmph Up to 140Kmph Up to 160Kmph permissible speed Isolation See Notes Required Required Required below Point Operation, Point Machine Point Machine Point Machine Point Machine & Locking & Detection Direct Clamp type with Thick web switches Train Detection On all Run On all Running On all Running On all Running (Track circuit/Axle through Lines Lines Lines Lines Counters) MACLS MACLS MACLS MACLS MACLS, Signalling,Movemen Movement t authority Authority Block Working Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted (Absolute/Automati (Including (Excluding Token) (Excluding Token) (Excluding Token) c Signaling) Token Or Or SUBJECT Working) IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 4A Automatic 4A Automatic 219 7 Double Not Required Required Required Distant/Automatic Compulsory (On sections where Or Or Signalling Trains have a 4A Automatic 4A Automatic Emergency Braking Signalling Signalling Distance of more than 1 Km) 8 Last Vehicle Not Required at Required Required verification Compulsory stations with centralized operation or in high density routes 9 Relay/Electronic RI/EI RI/EI RI/EI RI/EI Interlocking (RI/EI) 10 Mobile Train radio Not Desirable Desirable Required communication Compulsory (MTRC) or LTE or any other Technology 11 ATP Not Desirable Desirable Required (ETCS/TCAS/TPWS) Compulsory with Cab Signalling for SPAD mitigation 12SUBJECT Centralised Traffic Not Desirable IRISET- SECUNDERABAD Desirable Desirable 220 Control (CTC) Compulsory 1.Isolation: Isolation is not compulsory. Extract from “Rules for Opening of Railway Lines – Rule 36” is given below 2. At no station at which isolation has not been provided through running trains shall be permitted unless the conditions laid down in the second paragraph of the rule 4.11 of the General Rules are complied with. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 221  Extract of GR 4.11. Limits of speed while running through stations.- No train shall run through an interlocked station at a speed exceeding 50 kilometers an hour or such less speed as may be prescribed by approved special instructions unless the line on which the train is to run has been isolated from all other lines by the setting of points or other approved means and interlocking is such as to maintain this condition during the passage of the train. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 222  In every case in which trains are permitted to run through on a non isolated line , all shunting shall be stopped and no vehicle unattached to an engine or not properly secured in accordance with General Rule 5.23 may be kept standing on a connected line which is not isolated from the through line. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 223  All Passengers running Lines shall be isolated from all Goods lines or Sidings connected thereto. All goods running Lines may be isolated from all sidings connected there to. It is not necessary to isolate one goods receiving line from another SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 224 IRISET MSDAC – Comparative Study Ver 1.0 225  CHAPTER -15 OPERATION OF POINTS SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 226  OPERATION OF POINTS 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 227  Electrical point operation SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 228  Point in general 1. Points, which are used to divert trains from one line to the other, will become a source of danger unless adequate precautions are taken, points are said to be facing when they are approached from the toe end. 2. Even a casual study of points will indicate that for movements in the facing direction more precautions should be taken. 3. The points should be correctly set, i.e., the closed switch should be housed correctly against the stock rail and the open switch should be well clear of the corresponding stock rail. 4. The points should be prevented from becoming unlocked during the passage of a train. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 229  Location of point and range of operation 1. Points must be so located that movements over them shall be within the view of the cabin or other location from which they are worked, unless an approved alternative for direct vision by cabin man, e.g., electric indication, is provided. 2. The distance at which points may be worked by rodding is must not exceed 320m except where the stroke at the lever tail is not less than 200 mm in which case the above distance may be increased to 460m 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 230  Speed of train over point 1. Points in which the only equipment is a gauge tie plate and a padlock for locking them in position, and which may or may not be locally operated are said to be un-interlocked. 2. A speed restriction of 15 KMPH is imposed over them in the facing direction and of 50 KMPH in the trailing direction. 3. Unrestricted speed in the trailing direction is, however, permitted on the straight road if the points are interlocked with signals, even though locking and detection are not provided. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 231 Points & Signals S.V. Rao 232 IRISET MSDAC – Comparative Study Ver 1.0 233  CHAPTER -16 INTER CABIN CONTROL SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 234  CABIN SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 235  LEVER FRAME SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 236  INTERLOCKING SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 237  INTER CABIN CONTROL Principles of Slotting: The term `Slotting' has come to mean in signalling parlance the control of a signal by source or sources other than the operating source. The control of signals by more than one source is much more frequent than in the use of points. A slotted signal cannot be taken `OFF' unless the controls from all remote locations have been operated, but it should be possible for any one of the controlling agencies to replace the signal 02.06.2020 to its most restrictive aspect. S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 238  INTER CABIN CONTROL The purpose of slotting is two fold: To ensure that the points located on the line controlled by the signal including the overlap are set correctly and facing points locked and the line is clear, before the signal is taken off and These conditions are maintained until the train movement is completed. In other words, no other conflicting or fouling movement is allowed to take place and the points are not altered until the train movement is completed. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 239  Types of Controls Slots 1. The following types of Controls/Slots are in general use in mechanical installations: (a)The mechanical lever lock worked by key transmitted electrically (b)The electric lever lock (c)The electric signal reverser post type 2. The design, construction and maintenance of the various types of slots are dealt with elsewhere. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 240  INTER CABIN CONTROL 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 241 IRISET MSDAC – Comparative Study Ver 1.0 242  CHAPTER -17 LOCATION OF SIGNALS SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 243  Placement of Distant Signal Distant Signal shall be placed at an *adequate distance in rear of the first Stop Signal. *Note: Such an adequate distance shall not be less than 1 kilometre in Single Distant Territory In Double Distant territories: On sections, where Emergency Braking Distance (EBD) of more than 1.0 km is to be catered for, a second Distant signal shall be provided. Such a Distant signal shall be placed at an adequate distance of not less than 2 kms in rear of First Stop signal and Inner Distant Signal shall be placed at a distance of not less than 1 km in rear of First Stop signal. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 244  Placement of Stop Signals Home Signal: The Home Signal shall be placed in rear of all connections, if any, on the line to which it refers. The Home Signal shall be placed at not less than *180 metres in rear of the points up to which the line may be obstructed, after line clear has been granted to the station in rear. Starter Signal: When one Starter Signal is provided for each converging line, it shall be so placed as to protect the adjacent running line or lines. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 245  Intermediate Starter Signal: An Intermediate Starter Signal shall be placed clear of fouling marks in rear of the points, if any, which it protects. Advanced starter -It shall be located at a distance of not less than 120 meters from the outermost points in the case of Single Line section. This distance shall be reckoned from the starter in case of Double Line Section. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 246  Gate Stop Signal: shall be located at not less than 180 meter (in MACLS territory) in rear of the gate, which it is protecting. Gate Signal shall be provided with a marker consisting of a yellow coloured disc with letter 'G’ in black. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 247  DESIGNATION AND LOCATION SIGNALS on Single line 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 248  MACLS 180 + 120  DESIGNATION AND LOCATION SIGNALS on Double Line 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 250  DOUBLE DISTANT TERRITORY Normal aspect of distant signal is attention Post of distant signal is of is painted alternate yellow & black strip Distant signal Placed at distance of 1 Km in rear of existing distant Goods warning board is not required. 1KM 1KM Station B Distant. Inner Distant. FSS of Stn B P P LSS of Stn B  SINGLE DISTANT SIGNAL TERRITORY 1.4Km 1Km Distant. FSS GWB P LSS  Aspects-Sequence Chart Aspect sequence chart of various signals shown on SIP as per movement of train. For each directional ( up /Dn ) signals aspect sequence chart provided When a Signal is displaying the 'Stop' aspect, the signal next in rear shall not display a less restrictive aspect than 'Caution'. SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 253  ASPECT SEQUENCE CHART Distant Main Line Loop Line Advanced Indication to Loco Home signal signal Starter Starter Starter Pilot Yellow Red - - - Stop dead at Home Stop dead at Main Double Yellow Red - - line Starter Yellow Green Green Green - Green Run through on Main Line Yellow with Stop dead at loop Double Route - Red - line starter yellow indicator Yellow with Run through via Double Route - Yellow Green loop line Yellow indicator SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 254  ASPECT SEQUENCE CHART ( DOUBLE DISTANT SIG ) Inner Main Distant Home Loop Line Advance Indication to S.No. Distant Line signal signal Starter d Starter Loco Pilot signal Starter Double Stop dead at 1. Yellow Red - - - Yellow Home Double Stop dead at 2. Green Yellow Red - - Yellow Main line Starter Green Green Green Green - Green Run through on 3. Main Line Yellow Stop dead at Double Double loop line starter 4. with Route - Red - Yellow yellow indicator Yellow Run through via Double Double 5. with Route - Yellow Green loop line Yellow Yellow indicator SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 255 IRISET MSDAC – Comparative Study Ver 1.0 256  CHAPTER -18 LEVEL CROSSING GATES SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 257  Level Crossings 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 258 LEVEL CROSSING GATES  Level crossing Gate SUBJECT IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 260  What and Why  When road traffic crosses the rail traffic at the same level, they are known as level crossings.  At level crossings, the road is brought upto the level of rail table and guard rails are provided to ensure clearance for wheel flanges.  LCs become necessary because the alternative of over/under bridges is very expensive 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 261  A level crossing will have an arrangement to stop road traffic on either side of the X - ing (except at D class X - ings).  This arrangement can be swing gates, lifting barriers or even a chain across the road.  It will have check rails to keep the flange-way clear.  Provision of Warning signs are mandatory on either side of the LC for warning road users 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 262  Norms for deciding Class of a LC  Classification is done considering class of road, visibility and volume of road and rail traffic  Number of trains per 24 hrs. multiplied by number of road vehicles per 24 hrs. gives the Train Vehicle Units for the LC.  Category I, TVUs more than 3000, Category II , less than 800m visibility to road users and TVU more than 2500 manning should be done.  TVUs over 20,000 Qualifies for interlocking.  Min TVUs should be 1 lakh to become eligible for ROB/RUB on cost sharing basis. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 263  LC Gates are classification depends on Depends on nature of road The no. of road vehicles passing The no. of trains passing. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 264  LC Gates are classified 1. SPL – Class - More than 50,000 (TVU) 2. ‘A’-Class – More than 30,000 (TVU) 3. ‘B-1’ – Class – More than 25000 (at least 750 buses/day) [TVU] 4. ‘B-2’- Class- More than 20000 (TVU) 5. ‘C’ – Class – All there road user 6. ‘D’ – Class – For cattle crossing. “Sensor will be taken once in three year, 7 days consecutive, on an average”. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 265  Additional information For L.C.Gates 1. TVU- Train Vehicle Unit (train unit x vehicle unit) 2. Train, Motor vehicle, bullock carts & tongues – 1 unit 3. Cycle rickshaw & auto rickshaw – ½ unit 4. Visibility of manned gate – 5M. 5. Fencing parallel to the track – 15M 6. Gate lodge –6M from center of track 7. Speed Breakers – 20M from center of track 8. Height gauge – 8M from center of track 9. Gate post – 3M from center of track 10. TVU is more than 6000 or L.C.Gate visibility is poor –Un manned gate is converted into Manned gate. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 266  Classes of level crossings Special class : TVUs > 50,000 A’ class : TVUs > 30,000 and 25,000 and 20,000 and 3000 Cat II > 2500 D’ class : Cattle crossing (TVU’s > 20,000 Shall be Normally kept open to Road Traffic C’ class if interlocked, shall be normally kept open to RT) If average number of trains is less “say up to 14 in a day”, the normal position can be changed to “Open to road traffic” regards less of TVU’s 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 267  Classes of level crossings CLASSES Sl. Special ‘A’ ‘B1’ ‘B2’ ‘C’ Other DETAILS No. Class > 30,000 > 25,000 > 20,000 Cat I > 3000 Stipulations > 50,000 < 50,000 < 30,000 < 25,000 Cat II > 2500 1 Interlocking Gates with Signals Should be If within station a Should be interlocked with station signals interlocked with limit station signals Sub Urban & Should be If outside the Auto section all b Should be interlocked with gate signals interlocked with station limit to be gate signals interlocked Open to road c Normal position Open to road traffic traffic if Inter Locked 2 Telephone Communicated from the Gate lodge Within or Telephone to be provided with the ASM's office with all the a outside station manned LC Gates limit 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 268  Classes of level crossings CLASSES Sl. Special ‘A’ ‘B1’ ‘B2’ ‘C’ Other DETAILS No. Class > 30,000 > 25,000 > 20,000 Cat I > 3000 Stipulations > 50,000 < 50,000 < 30,000 < 25,000 Cat II > 2500 3 Warning bell or Hooters operated by App Trains Within or Should be a outside station Should be provided provided limit 4 Type of Lifting Barrier Within or a outside station Electrically Operated Lifting Barrier EOLB in SU limit 5 Approach Locking To be provided To be provided in Sub Urban section in SU a Others - DA Locking -30 sec Others - DAL-30 sec for EOLB 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 269  Gate Signals A Gate Stop Signal shall be fixed at an adequate distance from the gate. The Gate Stop Signal shall be provided with ‘G’ marker except where prohibited under special instructions Multiple aspect/modified lower quadrant signalling, a Stop Signal at 180 metres from the gate and a Distant signal at 1 km in rear of the Stop Signal may be provided. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 270  Interlocked Gates within Station Limits On sections provided with Multiple aspect signalling, when the interlocked gates are situated between Distant and Home signal- (a) The Gate Signal shall be located at 180 metres in rear of the gate; (b) The Distant Signal shall be located at not less than 1 km in rear of the Gate Signal and will function as Gate Distant as well. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 271  G A G A AG Gate Stop Signal in semi- Gate Stop Gate Stop Signal in automatic territory Automatic Block Territory (Letter A shall be lit only Signal (Letter A shall be lit only when gates are closed when gates are closed and locked & points are and locked against road correctly set and locked. traffic) Letter AG shall be lit when points are correctly set and locked Refer GR 3.17 but gate is open or defective.) 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 272  Level crossing located within station limits in MA signalling DN UP STARTERS 1.4 KM UP DN.DISTANT DN.HOME P GOODS WARNING UP.ADV. BOARD STARTER 1KM.B.D 180M 120M B.O S.O (3) (2) (1) The gate shall be interlocked with down Homes, up starter, and up Homes 18.11.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.1 273  Level crossing located within station limits in Double Line MACLS 1.4 KM 1KM 180M P BSLB The gate shall be interlocked with down Homes, up starter, and up Homes 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 274  L.C gate is between the down Homes and up advance starter P 1KM 180M The gate should be interlocked with down Homes and up advance starter only 1.4 KM P 1KM 180M 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 275  L.C gate is between the down Home and Down Distant P 1KM 180M If the gate is just in rear of the Homes the Home may be shifted at 180m in rear of the gate 1KM 180M ROUTING DISTANT HOME HOMES P 1.4 KM UP.ADV. STARTER (i) L.C gate is little away from the down Homes, The gate interlocked with down Home signal and the up advanced starter and with routing homes if required. 02.06.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling Ver.1.0 276 Sr. Distant Gate cum Home Remarks Distance 1 YELLOW RED ----- Stop at Gate Signal 2 GREEN YELLOW RED Stop at Home Signal 3 GREEN DOUBLE YELLOW / YELLOW Going to be received on YELLOW WITH ROUTE main line / loop line 4 GREEN GREEN GREEN Train is on run through via main line 18.11.2020 S1 Basics of Indian Railway Signalling