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Introduction to Self-Understanding By: Sir Daniel  Our names represent who we are. A name is not the person itself no matter how intimately bound it is with the bearer. It is only a signifier. Introduction to Self Understanding  Understanding oneself is...

Introduction to Self-Understanding By: Sir Daniel  Our names represent who we are. A name is not the person itself no matter how intimately bound it is with the bearer. It is only a signifier. Introduction to Self Understanding  Understanding oneself is essential to understand behaviors and beliefs that affects ourselves and others specifically in becoming effective and successful person in life, work, and relationship. Moreover, self-understanding (1) provides a sense of purpose; (2) leads to healthier relationships; (3) helps harness your natural strength; and (4) promotes confidence.  Self and personality characterized the way we define our existence, also these refers on how we organized our experiences that are reflected to our behavior. We behave in different ways in a given situation, but people also behave fairly stable in different circumstances.  What Is the Self? The self, in contemporary literature and even common sense, is commonly defined by the following characteristics: - Separate means that the self is distinct from other selves. The self is always unique and has its own identity. - Self-contained and independent because in itself it can exist. Its distinctness allows it to be self-contained with its own thoughts, characteristics, and volition. - Consistency means that a particular self’s traits, characteristics, tendencies, and potentialities are more or less the same. - Unitary in that it is the center of all experiences and thoughts that run through a certain person - Private means that each person sorts out information, feelings and emotions, and thought processes within the self. This whole process is never accessible to anyone but the self. Personality  The etymological derivative of personality comes from the word “persona”, the theatrical masks worn by Romans in Greek and Latin drama. Personality also comes from the two Latin words “per” and “sonare”, which literally means “to sound through”.  Personality have no single definition since different personality theories have different views on how to define it. However, the commonly accepted definition of personality is that it is a relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s behavior (Roberts & Mroczek, 2008). The Japanese say you have three faces.  The first face, you show to the world.  The second face, you show to your close friends, and your family.  The third face, you never show anyone. Determinants of Personality  Personality refers to the total person in his/her overt and covert behavior. The determinants of factors of personality are as follows: Environmental Factors of Personality. The surroundings of an individual compose the environmental factors of personality. This includes the neighborhood a person lives in, his school, college, university and workplace. Biological Factors of Personality. This further includes:  1) hereditary factors or genetic make-up of the person that inherited from their parents. This describes the tendency of the person to appear and behave the way their parents are  2) physical features include the overall physical structure of a person: height, weight, color, sex, beauty and body language, etc. Most of the physical structures change from time to time, and so does the personality.  3) brain. The preliminary results from the electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB) research gives indication that better understanding of human personality and behavior might come from the study of the brain.  Situational Factors of Personality. Although these factors do not literally create and shape up an individual’s personality, situational factors do alter a person’s behavior and response from time to time. The situational factors can be commonly observed when a person behaves contrastingly and exhibits different traits and characteristics.  Cultural Factors. Culture is traditionally considered as the major determinants of an individual’s personality. The culture largely determinants what a person is and what a person will learn. The culture within a person is brought up, is very important determinant of behavior of a person. Culture is complex of these belief, values, and techniques for dealing with the environment which are shared among contemporaries and transmitted by one generation to the next. Personality Traits  Personality traits reflect people’s characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.  The most widely used system of traits is called the Five-Factor Model. This system includes five broad traits that can be remembered with the acronym OCEAN: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. (Goldberg, 1990; McCrae & John, 1992; McCrae & Costa, 1987) The Mini-IPIP (International Personality Item Pool Representation of the NEO PI-R) Scale Self-scoring test Automated Big 5 Factor model scoring test https://openpsychometrics.org/tests/IPIP- BFFM/ Big 5 Trait Definition Openness The tendency to appreciate new art, ideas, values, feelings, and behaviors. Conscientiousness The tendency to be careful, on-time for appointments, to follow rules, and to be hard working. Extraversion The tendency to be talkative, sociable, and to enjoy others; the tendency to have a dominant style. Agreeableness The tendency to agree and go along with others rather than to assert one owns opinions and choices. Neuroticism The tendency to be frequently experience negative emotions such as anger, worry, and sadness, as well as being interpersonally sensitive. Who Am I?  Understanding of who you are as a person is called self-concept and understanding what your motives are when you act is called self-understanding.  In definition, self-concept is generally thought of as our individual perceptions of our behavior, abilities, and unique characteristics—a mental picture of who you are as a person.  Self-concept tends to be more malleable when people are younger and still going through the process of self- discovery and identity formation. As people age, self-perceptions become much more detailed and organized as people form a better idea of who they are and what is important to them. According to the book Essential Social Psychology by Richard Crisp and Rhiannon Turner:  The individual self consists of attributes and personality traits that differentiate us from other individuals. Examples include introversion or extroversion.  The relational self is defined by our relationships with significant others. Examples include siblings, friends, and spouses.  The collective self reflects our membership in social groups. Examples include British, Republican, African- American, or gay. At its most basic, self-concept is a collection of beliefs one holds about oneself and the responses of others. It embodies the answer to the question "Who am I?".