NHS Founding & Values PDF

# Founding of NHS + Values - How was the NHS created? The National Health Service Act 1946 - The National Health Service (NHS) is the publicly-funded healthcare system of the United Kingdom. It is made up of four semi-independent systems: - NHS England - NHS Wales - NHS Scotland -...

# Founding of NHS + Values - How was the NHS created? The National Health Service Act 1946 - The National Health Service (NHS) is the publicly-funded healthcare system of the United Kingdom. It is made up of four semi-independent systems: - NHS England - NHS Wales - NHS Scotland - Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland - Who was the architect of the formation of the NHS? Who else contributed? - Bevan (Labour) - Minister of Health from 1945 to 1951 - Driven by his strong belief that 'no society can call itself civilised if a sick person is denied medical aid because of lack of means' - Others contributed such as Henry Willink - wrote the 1944 White Paper laying out the founding principles of the NHS used today - What are the basic founding principles of the NHS? - Aka what is the purpose of NHS - Free at the point of use - Free care is available to all (including temporary residents and visitors of the UK) - Financed from general taxation (as opposed to NI contributions) - What is the NHS Constitution and who is part of it? - Seven key principles that supported the original founding values + additional view of NHS staff, patients and public - Secretary of State for Health and all NHS services are legally obligated to consider this Constitution in any decisions or actions. - Published by Department of Health in 2011 - renewed every 10 years - Outline the seven key principles of the NHS. - The NHS provides a comprehensive service, available to all. - equality - Access to NHS services is based on clinical need, not an individual's ability to pay. - free care - The NHS aspires to the highest standards of excellence and professionalism. - highest quality of care of patients - The patient will be at the heart of everything the NHS does. - patient’s centred care - The NHS works across organisational boundaries. - The NHS is committed to providing best value for taxpayers' money. - fair distribution of resources - The NHS is accountable to the public, communities and patients that it serves. - public have access to NHS spending records, honesty and openness - What are the six NHS values in the NHS constitution? - Working together for patients - Respect and dignity - Commitment to quality of care - Compassion - Improving lives - Everyone counts - What are the six Cs and their significance? - Care - Compassion - Competence - Communication - Courage - Commitment # Structure - Who is in charge of the NHS + their role? - Secretary of State for Health and Social Care of the governing party - Health secretary is responsible for the oversight of the NHS as well as England's social care policy national, public health and international health partnerships - Government ultimately decides how much money the NHS receives - Describe how the Health and Social Care Act 2012 + 2022 shaped the NHS's structure of today. - 2012 - The NHS in each country of the United Kingdom oversees healthcare and is independent to the government, although the Department for Health is responsible for funding and healthcare policy. - This means that the NHS relies on the government allocation for its budget, but it can then make its own decisions about how to spend this money. - Led to the creation of CCGs and allowed much greater involvement of the private sector - 2022 - Solidified the role of ICSs (Integrated Care Systems) by giving them legal basis ⇒ established ICBs (Integrated Care Boards) - Abolished CCGs - replaced by ICBs - Strengthened the powers of the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care - Health Services Investigations Body became a statutory body - What is the structure of NHS England? - Department of Health - Sustainability and Transformation Partnerships (STPs) - Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) - NHS England - NHS Foundation Trusts - Primary Care - Secondary Care - Tertiary Care - National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) - Care Quality Commission (CQC) - Health Education England - What is the Department of Health? - Government department - Responsible for funding + UK healthcare policies - What are STPs (Sustainability and Transformation Partnerships)? - Partnerships between NHS providers, commissioners, local authorities and other partners to plan services based on the long-term needs of the local populations - Cover areas with populations of 1-3 million people - What are CCGs (Clinical Commissioning Groups)? What do they do? What happened to CCGs recently? - A group of hospitals and services that cover a geographical area of the UK - Each group decides which services and treatments are available in their hospitals and chooses how secondary care is provided. - They decide which healthcare provide is allowed to provide which service - CCGs can be bought from any provider that meets NHS standards and costs (e.g. NHS hospital, a charity, voluntary organization, private company) - Recently been abolished by the Health and Social Care Act 2022 - What does the money that CCGs receive from the NHS England depend on? - The size of the population it's looking after and factors such as the average age and level of deprivation in the area - What is NHS England? - Umbrella body that oversees healthcare - It is an independent body, which means that the Department for Health cannot interfere directly with its decisions. - It's responsible for ensuring that there is an effective system of CCGs and must provide support for commissioning. - What is NHS Foundation Trusts? - Provide the care that the CCGs commission - Include hospital, ambulance, mental health, social care and primary care services. - What is Primary Care? What does it involve? - First point of contact in the healthcare system - Delivered by general practitioners who often work holistically, thinking of a patient in their entirety - Aim to provide an easily accessible route to care - Based on caring for people, rather than a specific disease - Care for people sometimes for an extended period of time so the relationship is important - Management of long term diseases and the prevention of future ill health through advice, immunisation and screening programmes - What is the GP gateway/hierarchy model? - With the exception of walk-in services such as Accident & Emergency, patients need to go to a GP before being granted access to a specialist service - What is secondary care? - Provided to patients by specialists and healthcare professionals to whom patients are often referred through a GP. - It includes both emergency and non-emergency hospital contacts such as A&E, outpatient routine clinics, and mental and maternity health access. - What is tertiary care? - Provided to patients by specialised doctors and nurses in specialised hospitals, such as a plastic surgery unit. - Patients can only access tertiary care if they are referred by a health professional working in secondary care - Patients can only access tertiary care if they are referred by a health professional working in secondary care - What is NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence)? - Regularly evaluates the most up-to-date evidence behind treatments and details what the best approaches are, putting prospective treatments through rigorous analysis and evaluation - CCGs are legally obligated to make funding available for treatments recommended by NICE following publication. - What is the CQC (Care Quality Commission)? - Independent monitoring agency that inspects the safety and quality of care in hospitals, general practices, care homes etc. then delivers a publicly available evaluation including the ratings of each trust and its services - basically ofsted for healthcare providers - The CQC reports to the DHSC and aims to improve the quality of healthcare provision across the UK - What is Health Education England? - The overseeing body for the lifelong training and education of the NHS workforce - What is the NHS Long Term Plan (2019)? + its goals - Details how the NHS will run over the next decade and the ambitions in this time period - Goals - Giving people more control over their own health and the care they receive - Encouraging Integrated Care Systems and preventing/tackling health inequalities - Focus on preventing illness to reduce demand for treatment in the future - Address the issue of short staffing by training more new healthcare professionals - What is the Health Services Safety Investigations Body? - Responsible for investigating serious patient safety risks across the healthcare system - Describe the devolution of NHS - Four countries of the UK have their own NHS services - Responsibility for running the NHS in these areas has been transferred from central government to powers in Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and England since 1999. - UK Parliament allocates block funding to each national government, but it is up to them to decide how much to spend on their NHS - Some people think that even more regional devolution would be beneficial to the NHS. - How does money flow through the NHS? - Funding for the health services comes from the total budget of the department of health and social care the department of health and social care passes on the majority of its budget down the chain - Money that isn't passed on is spent on things such as public health training and development of nhs staff and regulating the quality of care - This money is then passed down to NHS England, where it is used to accomplish the aims and objective of the NHS mandate it's then their job to go out and make sure the appropriate services are commissioned. - Then CCGS, commission the majority of services - What is the NHS mandate? - Document sets out the aims and objectives of NHS England these are the things that NHS England should seek to achieve over the year written every year by the health secretary - What happened on the 1st April 2021? - NHS England used to commission general practice services along with all the other primary care services - However as of the 1st of April 2021 all CCGs have delegated commissioning arrangements for general practice