History of Animation & VFX Roundup PDF

History of Animation & VFX Roundup  Mock Exam Exam duration: 45 minutes Put your student ID card on table Leave your notes, books and smart phones under your chair About the Exam  Exam Format 2 hours long 10 Multiple Choice (20%) 3 Short Q...

History of Animation & VFX Roundup  Mock Exam Exam duration: 45 minutes Put your student ID card on table Leave your notes, books and smart phones under your chair About the Exam  Exam Format 2 hours long 10 Multiple Choice (20%) 3 Short Questions (50%) 1 Long Questions (30%)  Exam Reminders Be punctual (please arrive at least 15 minutes before exam starts) Remember to bring your student ID card Answer EVERY question Do not do dubious things Apply for deferral if you cannot attend the exam Course Re-cap  “What is animation?” Animation is the creative interpretation of motion It was a process art in which drawings, objects or characters were filmed ‘frame- by-frame’ In between each frame an alteration of the materials was made to create the illusion of movement Early Animation pioneers  Animation Pioneers Emile Cohl (1857 – 1938, French) J. Stuart Blackton (1875 – 1941, American) Winsor McCay (1871 – 1934, American) John R. Bray (1879 – 1978) & Earl Hurd (1880 – 1940)  Emile Cohl (1857-1938, French) Cohl was a French cartoonist and animator, known as "The Father of the Animated Cartoon" He created a new surrealistic cartoon style to the public which was before the realism in animation from Disney and Warner Bros Famous works included Fantasmagorie (1908)  James Stuart Blackton (1875-1941) James Stuart Blackton was an Anglo-American film producer, most notable for making the first silent film that included animated sequences recorded on standard picture film - The Enchanted Drawing (1900) - and is because of that considered the father of American animation. Both stop-motion and drawn animation techniques were used in his films. He was also director of the Silent Era, the founder of Vitagraph Studios. Famous works included Humorous Phases of Funny Faces (1906)  Winsor McCay (1871 – 1934) Winsor McCay started out as a newspaper cartoonist, achieving a national reputation for his strips 'Little Nemo in Slumberland' and 'Dreams of a Rarebit Fiend'. He spent four years and produced four thousand individual drawings in making his first animated cartoon 'Little Nemo', completing it in 1911. Famous works included 'Gertie the Dinosaur' (1913)  John R. Bray & Earl Hurd Both of them are animators and collaborators who invented and patented the use of large background drawings and panning camera in 1915 which remained the standard for hand- drawn animation for decades. They also patented Translucent Cels and Registration Peg for drawing alignment.  Golden Age of American Animation (1930s-1960s) Walt Disney (1901-1966) Born in Chicago 1901, Walter Elias Disney was an entrepreneur, animator, film producer, and a pioneer of the animation industry. Today, Walt Disney Company subsidiaries includes Pixar, Marvel, Lucas Film, Disneyland Resorts, the ABC network, ESPN. Net worth of the company is US74.9 billion… Walt Disney Strategies Heavily invested in advanced technologies One feature film a year model Set up the industrial standard of animation assembly lines Character-centric strategy Found the business model (copyright-centric) for animation studios Nurturing talents (Funded CalArts)  Flowers & Trees - Silly Symphonies was the first commercially released film to be produced in the full-color three-strip Technicolor process. The first animated film that receives an Academy Award for animation.  The Nine Old Men Les Clark Eric Larson Marc Davis John Lounsbery Ollie Johnston Wolfgang Reitherman Milt Kahl Frank Thomas Ward Kimball  Disney’s Legacies Set up the standard for top-notch animation assembly lines Raise the bar for feature animation Create lot of cartoon superstars Found the business model for all animation studio Funded CalArts  Max Fleischer In 1915, American filmmaker Max Fleischer invented the rotoscope technique, a device that allowed for animation to be more lifelike by tracing motion picture footage of human movement. UPA Limited Animation Broadcast Medium (Theatre vs Television) Frame Per Second on twos / threes (Limited to 8 frames) Horizontal Movement (Limited perspective) Repeated Footages (Running gag) Interesting background music and dialogue Warner Bros Cartoons Many of the creative staff members at the studio, including directors and animators such as : Chuck Jones Friz Freleng Robert McKimson Tex Avery Robert Clampett Frank Tashlin