Anemia PDF

Anemia Prof.Dr.Özlem Yapıcıer  Learning Outcomes 1.Describe anemia 2.Describe pathological mechanisms of anemia 3.Explain the etiology and pathogenesis of iron deficiency anemia 4.Clinical findings of iron and B12 deficiency 5.Describe aplastic and hemolytic anemia  Ane...

Anemia Prof.Dr.Özlem Yapıcıer  Learning Outcomes 1.Describe anemia 2.Describe pathological mechanisms of anemia 3.Explain the etiology and pathogenesis of iron deficiency anemia 4.Clinical findings of iron and B12 deficiency 5.Describe aplastic and hemolytic anemia  Anemia characterized by decreased Hb concentration or reduced RBC volume inadequate RBC defective RBC excessive loss & destruction  Anemia is not a single disease a sign & a consequence etiology & pathogenesis of anemia Hb concentration RBC count  Anemia Microcytic Normocytic Macrocytic + reticulocyte count (RBC production and the capacity of the RBC in the bone marrow) Pathogenic mechanisms of anemias Classification-RBC size  Iron deficiency the most common cause of microcytic anemia inadequate intake increased demand excessive chronic blood loss heavy menstrual bleeding chronic gastrointestinal bleeding Causes of iron deficiency  Iron The normal human body : 4000 mg of iron 65% : RBCs incorporated in Hb 15% : myoglobin of the muscle cellular respiratory enzymes < 1% : of ferritin or bound to transferrin 20% : the macrophages of the bone marrow, spleen & liver, & in extracellular connective tissue of the bone marrow Excretion: urine, bile, feces &desquamation of skin cells =equivalent to the amount absorbed  Iron Serum iron: 50 to 150 μg/dL (a measure of iron bound to transferrin) Ferritin 30 to 300 ng/mL (additional iron) Ferritin concentration: (very sensitive indicator of the total iron stores) serum ferritin (