Organic Chemistry Reactions PDF

compilation of rxn + reagents & conditions :...

compilation of rxn + reagents & conditions : H - - H FREE RAD, CAL SUBSTITUTION : c = c type of rxn : electrophilic substitution H - H reagents & condition : limited X2(g) in presence of UV light alkene HALOGENATION : of alkene + X2 electrophilic addition = dihalogenoalkane - type rxn : reagents & condition X2 in organic solvent at rtp (Bre : in CC ++ ) observations : orange-red bromine decolourises HALOGENATION electrophilic addition IN WATER : alkene + X2 + H20 -halohydrins type of rxn : & condition : Xe in water rep reagents at decolourises observations : orange bromine water HYDROHALOGENATION of rxn : addition alkene + 4x- > halogenoalkane - type : electrophilic reagents & conditions : dry HX(g) at rtp * INDIRECT HYDRATION type of rxn electrophilic addition : : alkene + H20 > - alcohol P cold followed H20 and heat reagents & conditions : concsteSO4 , by * DIRECT HYDRATION : alkene + H20-alcohol - C-c - electrophilic addition itdt type of rxn : reagents & conditions : H20(g) , heat in presence of concHzPOp at high temp & high pressure itI * REDUCTION : alkene + H2 > - alkane H-C - C - H type of rxn : reduction Hit reagents & conditions : Hz(g) , heat with nickel catalystOR platinum catalyst at ryp * MILD OXIDATION type of rxn : oxidation : alkene + 20] + CH20] -- dis is reagents & conditions KMn04(99) in KOH (99) : cold observations purple kMnO4 decolourises brown ppt : , of Made is formed * STRONG OXIDATION : type of rxn oxidation : reagents & conditions : KMn84(99) in H2SO4 heat under reflux , observations purple kMnOpdecoonrises , effervescence of CO2 gives white ppt in : lime water DEHYDRATION : alcohol > - alkene + H20 type of rxn : elimination reagents & conditions : excess ConCH2SOy , heat OR concHsPOp , heat OR Al2O3 , heat DEHYDROHALOGENATION : -- - - 2 j Ho - = + H + x + - - elimination HX alken e type of xn : reagents & conditions : KOH in ethanol , heat under reflux  HALOGENATION : (BENZENE) benzene + X2t + catalyst + HX Type of rxn : electrophilic substitution reagents & condition : X 2 with anhydrous Fexz/AtX3/Fe observations (Ct2) : yellowish-green Cl2 decolourised and white fumes of Het is produced is observations (Brc) : reddish-brown Bre is decolonised and white fumes of HBr is produced ALKYLATION : (BENZENE) benzene + RX-> + Catalyst + HX type of rxn : electrophilic substitution reagents & condition : RX with anhydrous Fexs/AlXz/Fe observations : white fumes of HX is produced * NITRATION : (BENZENE benzene + HNO-H2d type of rxn : electrophilic substitution reagents & condition : conc HNOz and concHzsOy heat under reflux at 552 , HALOGENATION : (METHYLBENZENE) methylbenzene + X2- X + HX same as benzene NITRATION : (METHYLBENZENES Methylbenzene + HNOS > - O2 + H20 type of rxn electrophilic substitution : reagents & condition : (OnCHNOz & concH2SO4 at 30 % FREE-RADICAL SUBSTITUTION : METHYLBENZENE) methylbenzene + X2 > - + HX type of rxn : FRS reagents & conditions : limited X2 with UV light if > 1 carbon methylbenzene - * SIDE-CHAIN OXIDATION (METHYLBENZENE) : 102 + H20 + typerfrxu : Oxidation (SAME as strong oxidation for alkenes ! ) 7 Ionly methylbenzene reacts reagents & conditions : KMnOp 199) in dilute H2SO4 , heat under reflux not benzenes observations : purple kMnOy is decolourised and white ppt of benzoic acid is formed * FORMATION OF ALCOHOL : RX + NaCH(aq) - ROH + NaX alcohol type of rxn : uncleophilic substitution reagents & conditions : NaOH (99) or KOH(99) , heat under reflux FORMATION OF ETHER : RX + R, 8 - - R - 0 - R + X- alkoxide ether Type of rxu : nucleophilic substitution & conditions : Na K alcohol (in order reagents in appropriate generate alkoxide or FORMATION OF NITRILE : RX + KIN/NaCN > - RCN + kX/NaX C= N nitrile type of xn : nucleophilic substitution reagents & conditions : KCN or NGCN in ethanol , heat under reflux * FORMATION OF AMINE : (FROM NITRILE) CHzNHa type ofmn : reduction amine reagents & conditions : DH2(g) Nicatalyst heat , , RCN + 2H2-RCHINH2 ② LiAtHyindry ether at rtp RCN + 4[H] -RCH2NH  FORMATION OF CARBOXYLIL ACID : (FROM NITRILE) RON + H* + 2H2O - RCOOH + NHyt of Mn : acidic type hydrolysis reagents & conditions : HCl lag) heat , under reflux FORMATION OF CARBOXYLATESALT : (FROM NITRILE) RIN OH - + H2O - RCO0 NHS - + + an : alkaline typeof hydrolysis reagents & conditions : NaOH lag) heat under reflux , FORMATION OF AMINES : RX + 2NH3 > - RNH2 + NHy "Xi type of rxn nucleophilic substitution : reagents & conditions excess NH3 in ethanol : heat in sealed tube or limited RX , (polysub) limited NHz in ethanol heat in sealed Tube OR excess RX , (monosub) FORMATION OF ALKENES RX alkene + - + X - : + CH > - Ho 7 type of rxn : elimination same as & conditions : KOH ethanol, heat under reflux dehydr halogenation reagents in C H REDUCTION OF ALDEHYDE : R-C - H -> R - C -H10 allona of xn : reduction type ↓ reagents & conditions : LiAtHpindryether ORNaBHy in methanol OR He with Nicatalyst heat under high Pa , H REDUCTION OF CARBOXYLIC ACID : R- " - OH -> R- C - OH 10 alcohol ↓ Type of h reduction : reagents & condition LiAtH4 in dy ether : H REDUCTION OF KETONES : "C- R > - R-C - R 20 also hol R - reduction di type of xn : reagents & condition : LiAtHpindryether OR NaBHy in methanol OR H2 with Nicatalyst heat under high Pa , H 'T ALCOHOL TO HALOGEN OALKANE : R - I - OH - R - c - X type of an nucleophilic substitution : ↓ # reagents & condition HX(g) heat OR PXs rtp OR PCts rtp : , , , OR Soct in pyridine ALCOHOL TO ALKOXIDE : R- - a + Na = R- c - 0 - Nat + IH I I type of xn : acid-metal displacement/redox ↓ ↓ reagents & condition Na(s) : Na(s) NaOH (aq) FORMATION OF ESTERS : ① condensation allohol + carboxylic acid ester + H20 type ofrxn : -> reagents & conditions : Carboxylic acid , Alcohol , Con2H2SO4 as catalyst , heat unde reflux anylchloide HCL ② type rn : of condensation alcohol + -> este + reagents & condition : acyl chloride with alcohol typeofrxn : condensation phenol + acylchloride -> estr + Hot reagents & condition : phenol with NaOH and acyl charide  1 ALCOHOL TO ALDEHYDE 1 Alcohol + [O] > aldehyde - + H20 type ofrn Oxidation : dilute H2SO4 heat with immediate distillation reagents & condition : KC207 in , 2) ALCHOL TO CARBOXYLICACID : 10akoba + > - Carboxylic acid + Hea type ofh oxidation : reagents & condition : K2C07 in dilute H2SO4 heat underreflux OR KMm04 , in dilute H2SO4 , heat under reflux ALDEHYDE To CARBOXYLICACID : aldehyde > - carboxylic acid type ofrn : oxidation conditions : K2Cr-07 in dilute H2SO4 heat underreflux OR KMn 04 dilute H2SO4 , heat under reflux reagents & , in 20 ALCOHOL TO KETONES : type of rxn Oxidation : in dilute H2SO4 heat underreflux OR KMm04 in dilute H2SO4 heat under reflux reagents & condition : K2C07 , , PHENOL TO PHENOXIDE : ①type of rxn redox : Phenol + Na > - Phenoxide + H2 Na(s) reagents & condition : ② type of n neutralisation phend + : NaCH > - Phenoxide + H2 reagents & condition : Nacr(aq) IODOFORM TEST Alcohol +H12 + 60H : carboxylate + CHIz + 51 +5420 - - > +40H = carboxylate + CHIs + 31 +3 HeO type ofrxn ketone 312 - + - : add reagents & condition ag I2 in NaOH to a solution of alcohol ketone ing test tube , warm w water bath : or ACYLATION OF BENZENE : & -R c = 0 Ketone O type of rxn : electrophilic substitution & condition anhydrous AlXy/Fexs with R - -X reagents : OH 04 R-c R C H KETONE/ALDEHYDE CYANOHYDRIN R aldehyde + HIN - TO Ketone HIN - - : + or > - - in in type of rxn nucleophilic addition : cyanohydrin cyanohy drin reagents & conditions HCN and trace amounts : of NaOHIKOH to generate catalyst in -sith OR HCN and trace amounts of NaCN/KCN as catalyst cold , HCN + OH - > - Her +: - NaCN > - Nat + :CN- CARBOXYLIC ACID TO CARBOXYLATE SALT : Salt He type of rxn acid-metal displacement/redox carboxylic O : acid + Nq/Mg > carboxylate - + reagents & condition : Na(s) or Mg(s) ② type of rxn : neutralisation carboxylic acid + NaOH/kOH - carboxylate sal + H20 reagents & condition : NaOH or KOH (99) ③ type of rxn neutralisation : carboxylic acid + NazCog - carboxylate saf + CO2 + He reagents & condition Naz 202 (ag) : CARBOXYLIC ACID TO ACYL CHLORIDE Carboxylic acid > acylchloride & : - type uncleophilic substitution of xn : reagents & conditions PCs heat Or PCts (5) : , or socte , in pyridine  OXIDATION OF CARBOXYLIL ACID : Methanoic acid CO - COO Type oxidation of rxn : reagents & condition : kMu04 in H2SO4 199) , heat under reflux & ACYLCHLORIDE TO CARBOXYLIC ACID : acy/Chlaide + H20 > - carboxylic acid + HCl type of rxn hydrolysis : reagents & condition : H20 /water) * ACYLCHLORIDE TO AMIDES : acy/chIaide + NH3/RNH2/RNHR > - amide + HCe type of n : condensation reagents & condition : ammonia or amine at rtp ESTER TO CARBOXYLIC ACIDA ALCOHOL : ester + H20 - carboxylic and + Alcohol Type of rxn : acidic hydrolysis & condition : HCt H2S04 heat under reflux reagent a , ESTER TO CARBOXYLATE SALT & ALCOHOL : Ester + CH carboxylate sal + alcohol - - > type of n basic/alkaline hydrolysis : reagent & condition : KOH NaOHg) , heat under reflux or ESTER TO TWO ALCOHOLS : ester > alcohol 1 + alcohol 2 - reduction type of xn : reagent & condition : LiAH4 in dry ether AMIDE To CARBOXYLIC ACID : amide + 120 + H + > - carboxylic acid + NHpt type of xn acidic hydrolysis : reagent & condition : HzS0p(99) or HCcag), heat under reflux AMIDE To CARBOXYLATE SALT & AMINE : amide + CH -- > Carboxylate Sal + NAS type of xn : basic hydrolysis reagent & condition : NaOH (99) or KOH (g) , heat under reflux AMIDE TO AMINE : lamide + [H) -lamine + H20)2mide + [H) > 2amine + H13amide +CH]-Janine - type of rxn reduction : Ho reagents & condition : LiAtHy in dry ether ~TROBENZENE TO PHENYLAMINE : E N2 + CHI - + + type of rxn : reduction reagents & condition In in excess conc Hit heat under reflux followed by addition of NaClaq : , , AMINE To AMMONIUM SALT : type of xn : neutralisation reagents & condition any acid e g. HC or CHICOSH :. -BrBHB NH2 PHENYLAMINE TO TRIBROMOPHENYLAMINE : V + Bri Br type of rxn : electrophilic substitution reagents & condition Br (ag) :