Renaissance Architecture PDF

## Chapter 10.1 ### Italian Renaissance Architecture #### 1. Local Architectural Character ##### a. PLAN - Italian houses feature the CORTILE ##### b. WALL - Straight facades varied by orders, arcades, or window-dressings. - Brickwork with ashlar facing. ##### c. OPENINGS - Detail concentrated o...

## Chapter 10.1 ### Italian Renaissance Architecture #### 1. Local Architectural Character ##### a. PLAN - Italian houses feature the CORTILE ##### b. WALL - Straight facades varied by orders, arcades, or window-dressings. - Brickwork with ashlar facing. ##### c. OPENINGS - Detail concentrated on the openings. ##### d. ROOFS - Flat or low pitch roof. - Domes used in churches. ##### e. COLUMNS - Carved or Plain pilasters. - Usually, a single order prevails. ##### f. MOULDINGS - Heavy cornices. - Mouldings usually large. ##### g. ORNAMENTS - Frescos and molded plaster. - Great extravagance in sculpture. #### II. Examples ##### a. FLORENTINE SCHOOL (FLORENCE) - Golden age of the arts began in the 14th century. - Growing secularism and interest in the Classical Roman civilization. - Patronized by aristocratic families: Medici, Strozzi and Rucellai. - Dome of the Florence Cathedral - Basilica di San Lorenzo - Basilica di Santo Spiritu - Pazzi Chapel - Riccardi Palace - Palazzo Pitti ## Chapter 10.2 ### French Renaissance Architecture #### 1. Local Architectural Character ##### a. PLAN - CHATEAUX - Half castle, half palace. - Composed of a main block with two lower wings inclosing a courtyard. ##### b. WALL - Pediment and Balustraded elevation. - Stone and red brick used for walls. ##### c. OPENINGS - Vertical coupling of windows was practiced, but as the orders came increasingly in to use, the horizontal lines of their entablatures prevailed. ##### d. ROOFS - High Roofs. - Dormer Windows and Chimneys. - Mansard Form ##### e. COLUMNS - Pilasters were decorative adjuncts. - An order varies every storey. ##### f. MOULDINGS - Gothic influence pervaded. ##### g. ORNAMENTS - Carved wood panelling. #### II. Examples ##### a. SECULAR ARCHITECTURE - Château de Bury - Château de Chambord - Partially a hunting lodge for King Francis I - Château de Fontainebleau - Château d'Azay-le-Rideau - Château de Chenonceaux - Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Louvre Museum - Tuileries Palace - Luxembourg Palace - Château de Maisons - Palace of Versailles - Built for Louis XIV - Architects: Louis Le Vau and Jules Hardouin Mansart - Center of political power in France from 1682-1789 - Château de Blois - Built by King Louis XII and Francis I. - Famous for its "Staircase Tower" ##### b. ECCLESIASTICAL ARCHITECTURE - Saint-Eustache, Paris - Saint-Étienne-du-Mont - Sorbonne Chapel - Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis - Saint-Sulpice, Paris - Les Invalides. Paris - Pantheon Paris - La Madeleine, Paris ## Chapter 10.3 ### German Renaissance Architecture #### 1. Local Architectural Character ##### a. PLAN - French method of an internal courtyard was adopted. ##### b. WALL - Columnar features as ornament. - Brick and Stone was used in combination. ##### c. OPENINGS - Use of oriel windows. - Windows are large and mullioned. ##### d. ROOFS - Predominantly large roofs ##### e. COLUMNS - Columns were employed in a free manner. - Often supported by corbels. ##### f. MOULDINGS - Boldness and vigor - Lack or refinement and purity in detail. ##### g. ORNAMENTS - Statues in native grotesque. #### II. Examples ##### a. SECULAR ARCHITECTURE - Heidelberg Castle - Gewandhaus, Brunswick - Cologne City Hall - Lemgo Town Hall - Solothurn Town Hall - Pellerhaus, Nuremberg - Stuttgart Castle - Leipzig Rathaus - Altenburg Rathaus - Heilbronner Rathaus - Stadtweinhaus, Munster - Zwinger Palace, Dresden ##### b. ECCLESIASTICAL ARCHITECTURE - St. Michael's Church, Munich - Frauenkirche Munich ## Chapter 10.4 ### Spanish Renaissance Architecture #### 1. Local Architectural Character ##### a. PLAN - CHURCHES - Wide naves without aisles are usual. - Lanterns/Domes at crossing. - HOUSES - PATIO-Spanish version of the CORTILE - Large Staircases. - Largeness of scale. ##### b. WALL - Brickwork - Arabesque pierced parapets/cresting. ##### c. OPENINGS - Doorways are emphasized. - Windows treated with grilles. ##### d. ROOFS - Flat or low pitch roof. - Towers with spires. ##### e. COLUMNS - The orders were used in slight and fanciful decorative forms. ## Chapter 10.5 ### English Renaissance Architecture #### 1. Local Architectural Character ##### a. PLAN - E or H shaped plan. - Regular and Symmetrical ##### b. WALL - Classic orders being used in a very free manner in the facades. - Parapets are pierced. ##### c. OPENINGS - Use of Bay Windows. - Use of Dormer Windows. ##### d. ROOFS - High, flat, or low roofs with balustrades. - Arcaded, Pierced or Battlemented balustrades. ##### e. COLUMNS - Rarely employed with purity. - Square columns with strap ornamentation ##### f. MOULDINGS - High, flat, or low roofs with balustrades. - Arcaded, Pierced or Battlemented balustrades. ##### g. ORNAMENTS - Strap ornamentation. - Prismatic rustication. - Plasterwork for ceiling. - Tapestries. #### II. Examples ##### a. ELIZABHETAN STYLE - Transition style form Tudor (Gothic) to Renaissance. - Attributed to Queen Elizabeth I ##### MANSIONS - Charlecote, Warwickshire - Kirby, Northants - Knole, Kent - Penshurst, Kent - Burghley, Northants - Longleat, Wiltshire - Montacute House, Somerset - Wollaton, Notts - Longford Castle, Wiltshire - Westwood, Worcester ##### COLLEGES - The Gate of Honour, Caius College. - Emmanuel College - Sidney Sussex College (Court) - The Quadrangle, Clare College - S. John's College (Court) - Neville Court, Trinity College - Jesus College. - Merton College (Library). - Wadham College. - Oriel and Jesus Colleges (portions of) and others. - Pembroke College. ##### b. JACOBEAN STYLE - Development of the Elizabethan Style - Attributed to King James I ##### MANSIONS - Holland House, Kensington - Charlton House, Wilts. - Bramshill, Hants - Hatfield House, Herts - Cranbourne Manor House, Dorsetshire. - Audley End, Essex - Aston Hall, Warwickshire - Loseley Park, near Guildford - Bolsover Castle, Derbyshire - Blickling Hall, Norfolk ##### c. ANGLO-CLASSICAL STYLE - Chilham Castle, Kent - Banqueting House, Whitehall - St. Paul, Convent Garden - Greenwich Hospital - York Water Gate, London ##### INIGO JONES ##### SIR CHRISTOPHER WREN - St. Paul, London - St. Stephen, Walbrook - Bow Church, Cheapside - St. Bride, Fleet Street - St. Martin, Ludgate - St. Clement, Danes - St. James, Piccadilly ## Chapter 10.6 ### Russian Renaissance Architecture #### 1. Local Architectural Character - Italian architects contributed in applying Italian Motifs - Chaotic skylines - Vividly colored surfaces - Onion domes #### II. Examples ##### a. SECULAR ARCHITECTURE - Rostoc Kremlin - Pskov Kremlin - Peterhof Palace - Catherine Palace - Winter Palace - Kiev Imperial Palace - Academy of Fine Arts, St. Petersburg - Marble Palace - Pashkov Palace - Petrosvsky Palace - Tauride Palace - English Palace, Peterhof - Academy of Science, St. Petersburg - Hermitage Theatre - Pavlovsky Palace - Academy of Mines, St. Petersburg - New Admiralty, St. Petersburg ##### b. SECULAR ARCHITECTURE - Church of the Decapitation of St. John the Baptist, Dyakovo - Old Cathedral, Monastery of the Virgin of the Don, MoscOW - Church of the Trinity and of the Georgian Virgin, Moscow - St. John the Baptist, Zagorsk - Monastery of the New Jerusalem, Istra - Church of the Intersession of the Virgin, Fili - Church of the Virgin of the Sign, Dubrovitsky - Church of the Archangel Gabriel, Moskow - Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul in the Fortress - Smolny Cathedral - Cathedral of St. Andrew, Kiev - Monastery of the Holy Trinity, Zagorsk - Church of the Trinity, Nenoska - Cathedral of the Virgin of Kazan, St. Petersburg - Cathedral of St. Isaac of Dalmatia, St. Petersburg