Robotics Sensing Concepts PDF

10 CT Robotics Sensing QUARTER Week 1 1 Sir Bernard Robot sensing technology has Sensing been an evolving research field Robotics involv...

10 CT Robotics Sensing QUARTER Week 1 1 Sir Bernard Robot sensing technology has Sensing been an evolving research field Robotics involving a strong interdisciplinary effort from researchers in different fields, namely, electronics, mechanics, material science, measurement and control, signal processing, bioengineering and so forth.  Sensing Robotics Robotic sensing is the subpart of robotics science intended to give the robots sensing capabilities so that the robots are more human-like Robotic sensing mainly gives the Sensing robots the ability to: Robotics See touch hear and move and it uses algorithms that require the environment feedback.  Sensing Robotics Robot sensors are used to estimate the robot’s condition and environment.  Sensing Robotics Robot sensors are used to estimate the robot’s condition and environment. Robotics Sensing The sensors can measure Sensing the physical orientation and Robotics the coordinates of the object in the space, the heat, the wavelength of infrared or ultra violet rays  the temperature, Sensing the magnitude and the direction. Robotics the presence and concentration of chemical or reactants the presence, color and intensity of light, the presence, frequency and intensity of sound  Sensors are generally classified Sensing Robotics into two groups: Internal sensors External sensors  Internal Sensors Sensing Robotics Internal sensors such as its position sensor, velocity sensor, acceleration sensors, motor torque sensor, etc. obtain the information about the robot itself.  External Sensors Sensing External sensors such as cameras, Robotics range sensors (IR sensor, laser range finder, and ultrasonic sensor) contact and proximity sensors (photodiode, IR detector, RFID, touch, etc.) and force sensors gather the information in the surrounding environment.  is a sensor that facilitates POSITION Sensor measurement of mechanical position. A position sensor may indicate absolute position (location) or relative position (displacement), in terms of linear travel, rotational angle, or three- dimensional space.  Capacitive displacement sensor POSITION Sensor Eddy-current sensor Hall effect sensor Inductive sensor Laser Doppler vibrometer Linear variable differential transformer  Photodiode array POSITION Piezo-electric transducer (piezo- Sensor electric) Potentiometer Proximity sensor String potentiometer Ultrasonic sensor  Photodiode array POSITION Piezo-electric transducer (piezo- Sensor electric) Potentiometer Proximity sensor String potentiometer Ultrasonic sensor  & Capabilities Properties Sensitivity change of output and change of input  & Capabilities Properties Linearity (constancy of output and input)  & Capabilities Properties Response Time (time required for a change in input to force a change in the output)  & Capabilities Properties Measurement/Dynamic range (difference between minimum and maximum)  & Capabilities Properties Accuracy (difference between measured and actual)  & Capabilities Properties Repeatability (difference between repeated measures)  & Capabilities Properties Resolution (smallest observable increment)  & Capabilities Properties Bandwidth (result of high resolution or cycle time) 1. LIGHT SENSOR of Sensors Examples A light sensor detects light and creates a difference in voltage. 2. SOUND SENSOR of Sensors Examples Sound sensors are generally a microphone used to detect the equivalent voltage of sound and return. 3. PROXIMITY SENSOR of Sensors Examples The nearby object can be detected by a proximity sensor without physical contact. Infrared (IR) transceiver: of Sensors Examples An IR LED transmits an IR light that reflects the light captured by an IR recipient when an obstacle is found. Ultrasound Sensor: of Sensors Examples These sensors generate sound waves at high frequencies; the received echo indicates an object is interrupted. Ultrasound sensors can also be used for distance measurement. Photoresistor: of Sensors Examples Photoresistor is a light sensor, but it can still be utilized as a sensor of proximity. If an object approaches the sensor, the number of light changes, which changes the resistance of the Photoresistor. This is detectable and processable. 4. TACTILE SENSORS of Sensors Examples Tactile sensor is a device specifying an object’s contact. Touch Sensor or Contact of Sensors Examples Sensor: Touch sensor is capable of sensing and detecting sensor and object touch. Force Sensor: of Sensors Examples Force sensor is included in calculating the forces of several functions, such as machine loading and unloading, material handling, and so on, performed by a robot. 5. TEMPERATURE SENSOR of Sensors Examples Temperature sensors are used to detect the surrounding temperature change. 6. NAVIGATION AND of Sensors Examples POSITIONING SENSOR 6. NAVIGATION AND of Sensors Examples POSITIONING SENSOR Positioning sensors are used to approximate the position of a robot. GPS 6. NAVIGATION AND of Sensors Examples POSITIONING SENSOR Digital Magnetic Compass provides directional measurements using the Earth’s magnetic field that guides your robot to reach its destination. 6. NAVIGATION AND of Sensors Examples POSITIONING SENSOR Location refers to the task of automatically determining a robot’s location based on external elements such as natural artificially placed landmarks such as doors, windows, walls, etc. 7. ACCELERATION SENSOR of Sensors Examples An accelerometer is a device for measuring acceleration and tilt. a) Static Force of Sensors Examples the frictional force between any two objects. By measuring this gravity, we can determine how much robot tilts. This measurement is useful in balancing robot or determining whether a robot is driving on a flat or uphill surface. b) Dynamic Force of Sensors Examples the acceleration required to move an object. Measuring dynamic force using an accelerometer tells the speed/ speed at which a robot moves. Quiz Bee (GA): Polygon Robotics Sensing Number 1 Identification and Properties Robot sensing technology has been an evolving research field involving a strong interdisciplinary effort from reserachers in different fields, namely, electronics, mechanics, material science, measurement andcontrol, signal processing, bioengineering and so forth. Quiz Bee (GA): Polygon Identification and Number 1 Properties Activity Each group will be given answer board. One at a time, a member will answer the question within 5 seconds. Each correct answer is equal to 1 point. The group who will get the highest score will be the winner. Quiz Bee (GA): Polygon Identification and Number 1 Properties Activity 1. What do you call a polygon with 6 sides? Hexagon Quiz Bee (GA): Polygon Identification and Number 1 Properties Activity 2.What is the sum of the interior angles of an octagon? 1440° Quiz Bee (GA): Polygon Identification and Number 1 Properties Activity 3.A polygon has 10 sides. What is it called? Decagon Quiz Bee (GA): Polygon Identification and Number 1 Properties Activity 4.What is a polygon called if all its sides and angles are equal? Regular Polygon Quiz Bee (GA): Polygon Identification and Number 1 Properties Activity 5.What is the measure of each interior angle of a regular hexagon? 120° Quiz Bee (GA): Polygon Identification and Number 1 Properties Activity 6.What do you call a polygon with 8 sides? Octagon Quiz Bee (GA): Polygon Identification and Number 1 Properties Activity 7.What do you call a polygon with 5 sides? Pentagon Quiz Bee (GA): Polygon Identification and Number 1 Properties Activity 8.A polygon has 4 sides with all sides and angles are equal are called ____ Square Quiz Bee (GA): Polygon Identification and Number 1 Properties Activity 9.What do you call a polygon with 7 sides? Heptagon  Drawing Polygons (By Pair) Number 2 Materials Needed: Activity Bond paper Pencil Ruler Compass Protractor  Drawing 01. Regular Pentagon  Drawing 01. Regular Pentagon  Drawing 01. Regular Pentagon  Drawing 01. Regular Hexagon 60°  Drawing 01. Regular Hexagon  Drawing 01. Regular Octagon  Drawing 01. Regular Octagon Draw that Polygon! Number 3 (Individual) Draw the given polygon with accurate measure Activity of sides and angles. CHOOSE ANY TWO 1. A triangle with sides 4cm, 5cm, and 6cm 2. A triangle XYZ, with XY is 6cm and angle XYZ is 60 0 3. A quadrilateral ABCD given that AB=5cm, BC=4cm, CD=4.5cm, DA=3cm and diagonal AC =6cm. 4. A quadrilateral ABCD given that AB=5cm, BC=4.5cm, CD=4cm, Angle B=60 and Angle 0 C=1350 Questions: 01. How did you find the activity? What challenges did you encounter in completing the task? How do you draw triangles given the length of their sides? How do you draw quadrilaterals given 4 sides and 1 diagonal? My 01. Takeaways.. Can you think of real-life examples where understanding how to construct polygons, triangles, or quadrilaterals would be beneficial? What are some strategies for ensuring accuracy when measuring angles and side lengths in geometric constructions? Reflect 01. on this… Reflect on any challenges you faced during the drawing process and how you addressed them during the lesson of Regular Polygons.  Exercise 01. No. 3 I. Fill in the blank with the correct word to make the statement true. 1. __________ Polygons are closed plane figures that are formed by straight line segments that meet only at their endpoints. 2. Polygons are classified according to the number of __________. sides Regular P. are polygons with all of its sides and angles equal. 3. __________ 4. __________ Squares are quadrilaterals with 4 right angles & have all sides equal. Pentagon is a five-sided polygon with equal sides and equal angles. 5. __________ 6. Irregular __________ are polygons that have non-congruent sides. 7. Octagon __________ is an eight-sided polygon with unequal sides. P. 8. Equilatera __________ is a three-sided polygon with equal sides. l Triangle  Exercise 01. No. 3 II. Use the polygon below in answering the ff questions. 1. If side BC = 10 cm, how long is side AE? 10 cm 2. What is the measure of ∠CBA? 108° 3. What is the sum of the measures of ∠CBA and ∠CDE?108° + 108° = 4. What is the sum 216° of the interior angles of the regular pentagon ABCDE? 540° Every accomplishment starts with the decision to try” –Unknown