Skulderbæltets Knogler PDF

## Skulderbæltets Knogler - **Fig. 8:** The shoulder girdle consists of two bones, the **clavicle** (fig. 8) (1) and the **scapula** (fig. 8) (2), which are not completely connected, so they are not a complete belt. ## Nøgleben (Clavicle) - The clavicle is an **s-shaped long bone**. - **Medial...

## Skulderbæltets Knogler - **Fig. 8:** The shoulder girdle consists of two bones, the **clavicle** (fig. 8) (1) and the **scapula** (fig. 8) (2), which are not completely connected, so they are not a complete belt. ## Nøgleben (Clavicle) - The clavicle is an **s-shaped long bone**. - **Medial end:** connects to the **manubrium sterni** (1 and 2). - **Lateral end:** connects to the **scapula** (3). - The clavicle is readily palpable along its entire length from the sternum to the scapula. - The clavicle functions as a strut that keeps the arm extended out from the side. - **Clavicle fractures** are common due to the bone’s exposed position and the force applied to the upper extremity. ## Skulderblad (Scapula) - The *scapula* is a triangular flat bone that lies behind the thorax and is fixed by numerous muscles. - It forms joints with the clavicle (3) and the humerus (4). - On its posterior surface, the scapula projects a **spine**, which creates a visible elevation underneath the skin. - **Acromion**: The highest point of the scapula is the **acromion**, which articulates with the clavicle. - The acromion is a continuation of the scapular spine. The spine, spina scapulae, is easily palpable. ## Overarmsben (Humerus) - The humerus is a long bone with a proximal and distal end. - **Proximal end**: - **Head** (captu humeri) forms the **shoulder joint** (4) with the scapula. - It also has 2 tubercles: the Greater tubercle and Lesser tubercle, which are attachment sites of muscles. - **Distal End**: - forms the **elbow joint (5)** with the radius and ulna. - **Body**: The shaft of the humerus, also known as **corpus humeri**. - **Bone Marrow**: The proximal end of the humerus contains red marrow in adults, while the rest of the bone houses yellow marrow. In children, the entire humerus contains red bone marrow. ## Underarmsknogler (Radius and Ulna) - The radius and ulna are the two long bones of the forearm. - **Ulna**: connects to the humerus at the **elbow joint** (ulnar side). - **Radius**: connects to the humerus at the **elbow joint** (radial side). - The radius and ulna connect distally at the **hand joint** with the **carpus** (wrist bones). ## Håndrodsknogler (Carpals) - There are 8 carpal bones in the wrist, divided into **proximal** and **distal** rows of 4 bones each. - The proximal row of carpal bones connect to the radius and ulna. - The distal row of carpal bones connect to the metacarpals. The ulnar bone only articulates with the proximal carpal row. ## Mellemhåndsknogler (Metacarpals) - The 5 **metacarpals** in the hand are short bones that connect to the carpal bones and phalanges (fingers). - The thumb's metacarpal bone has a different orientation and is shorter and stronger than the other metacarpals. ## Fingerknogler (Phalanges) - The **thumb** has 2 bones: - **Proximal phalanx** (6) - **Distal phalanx** (7) - Other fingers have three phalanges: - **Proximal phalanx** (8) - **Middle phalanx** (9) - **Distal phalanx** (10)