Cardiovascular Pharmacology Lecture Notes PDF

10/11/2024 Cardiovascular pharmacology Shahad M. Najeeb Tayf Alqozbakr Hajer Y. Mohammed Lecturer Lecturer Lecturer 1 Inotropic drugs Inotropic...

10/11/2024 Cardiovascular pharmacology Shahad M. Najeeb Tayf Alqozbakr Hajer Y. Mohammed Lecturer Lecturer Lecturer 1 Inotropic drugs Inotropic drugs: medications used to induce vasoconstriction or increase cardiac contractility Positive inotropic drugs :Drugs with positive inotropic effect increase the force of contraction of the heart muscle These include: Cardiac glycosides (digoxin and digitoxin) Bipyridine derivatives (amrinone) Sympathomimetics (dobutamine, dopamine ) Methylxanthines (theophylline ) 2 1  10/11/2024 Antiarrhythmic Drugs Antiarrhythmic drugs :these are drugs used to prevent or treat irregularities of cardiac rhythm. 3 Class (I): Sodium channel blockers (quinidine, lidocaine). Drugs used in the Class (II): Beta adrenergic blockers (propranolol, atenolol). treatment of Class (III): Potassium channel cardiac arrhythmias blockers (amiodarone). are classified into: Class (IV): Calcium channel blockers (verapamil). Class (V): Cardiac glycosides (digoxin) 4 2  10/11/2024 Angina pectoris Angina pectoris It is a pain syndrome due to result of an imbalance between the oxygen supply and the oxygen demand of the myocardium Metabolites that accumulate due to myocardial ischemia cause the pain 5 Organic nitrates like nitroglycerine, isosorbide dinitrate. Drugs used in Beta adrenergic blocking agents like propranolol, atenolol. angina pectoris Calcium channel blocking agents like verapamil, nifedipine. Miscellaneous drugs like aspirin, heparin. 6 3  10/11/2024 Hypertension is defined as an elevation of arterial blood pressure above a normal value. Antihypertensive The choice of therapy of a patient with hypertension depends on a drugs variety of factors: age, sex, race, body build, life-style of the patient, other disease. 7 Non- Low sodium chloride and saturated fats diet pharmacological Weight reduction therapy of Exercise hypertension Smoking and alcohol Cessation Psychological methods (relaxation) 8 4  10/11/2024 1. Diuretics like Hydrochlorothiazide, Furosemide Pharmacological 2. Beta Blockers like Atenolol, Metoprolol therapy of 3. Calcium Channel Blockers like hypertension Amlodipine, Diltiazem 4. ACE Inhibitors (Angiotensin- Converting Enzyme Inhibitors) Like Lisinopril, Enalapril 9 Pharmacological 5. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers therapy of (ARBs) like Losartan, Valsartan hypertension 6. Alpha Blockers like: Doxazosin, Prazosin 10 5  10/11/2024 Antihyperlipidemic drugs are medications used to lower abnormal Antihyperlipidemic levels of lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) in the blood, which can drugs reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke 11 classification of common antihyperlipidemic drugs: Statins (Atorvastatin, Simvastatin, Rosuvastatin) Antihyperlipidemic Fibrates (Fenofibrate, Gemfibrozil) drugs Bile Acid Sequestrants (Cholestyramine) Niacin (vitamin B3) Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors (Ezetimibe) 12 6  10/11/2024 Thank you 13 7