Getting Started with Windows Server PDF

Getting started with Windows Server System Administration FWD 216 Topics Understanding computer networks Understanding servers Understanding Windows Server Downloading Windows Server 2019 Understanding computer networks It all began many years ago when...

Getting started with Windows Server System Administration FWD 216 Topics Understanding computer networks Understanding servers Understanding Windows Server Downloading Windows Server 2019 Understanding computer networks It all began many years ago when the need for sharing resources became a necessity. As time went by and demands increased, the development and advancement of computer network technologies also took place. With that, more computers were connected to computer networks and geographical distances were diminished in terms of communication. It created a need for well-defined terms and concepts to describe computer networking. Because of that, different types of computer networks, network topologies, architectures, and components have emerged. Computer Network A computer network is a group of computers connected to each other in order to share resources. The resources are usually data, network services, and peripheral devices. Types of computer networks The categorization of computer networks consists of the area they cover and the purpose they serve. Some of the most popular types of computer networks nowadays: Personal Area Network (PAN) Local Area Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Wide Area Network (WAN) Personal Area Network (PAN) A PAN is a computer network that is used to connect and transmit data among devices located in a private area that is partially or completely protected from external access. Bluetooth and Wi-Fi are the most common communication technologies used to interconnect devices in a PAN. Often, a PAN is also known as a Home Area Network (HAN). Local Area Network (LAN) A LAN is a computer network that connects two or more computers in a local area. A LAN usually utilizes a central device that uses twisted pair, coaxial, or fiber optic cables as a networking media to interconnect computers. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) In contrast to a LAN, a MAN represents a group of LANs interconnected within the geographical boundary of a town or city. Nowadays, fiber optics and gigabit layer 3 switches are used to interconnect LANs and route the traffic among them. Wide Area Network (WAN) Unlike a MAN, a WAN is a computer network that covers a wide geographic area using dedicated telecommunication lines such as telephone lines, leased lines, or satellites. WANs cover large geographic areas and, as such, they do not have geographic restrictions. The internet is the best example of a WAN. Understanding computer network components Just as PCs have components, computer networks have their own components, too. Usually, while PCs and peripheral devices are known to most people, components such as networking devices, networking media, and network operating systems (NOS) are mostly known by IT professionals. Understanding clients and servers In a computer network, clients usually request access to resources. Servers are responsible for providing resources and managing access to those resources. Both clients and servers play an active role in the computer network. Understanding hosts and nodes Although clients and servers are the most important elements of a computer network, it depends upon hosts and nodes. While all hosts can be nodes, not every node can act as a host. A host is any device with an IP address assigned to its network interface that requests or provides networking resources on the network. Usually, clients, servers, and routers act as hosts. A node is any device that can receive and transmit the networking resources on the network but has no interface with an IP address assigned to it. Nodes have a network interface that is used for their management. Understanding hosts and nodes Understanding computer network architectures A computer network architecture represents a computer network design that enables network components to communicate with one another. Computer architecture is actually a framework that incorporates many aspects, such as physical and logical topology, network components, communication protocols, and its operational principles and procedures. Among network architectures, the most popular are Peer-to-Peer (P2P) and client/server. P2P network architecture P2P, often known as a workgroup, is a computer network in which hosts do not have predefined roles. Instead, they change roles from client to server, and vice versa, based on their actual activities on the network. Usually, PANs represent the best examples of P2P computer networks. Client/server network architecture A client/server, often known as a domain-based network, is a computer network in which hosts have a predefined role. Hosts that request resources act as clients, whereas hosts that provide resources act as servers. In general, the client/server network architecture is a network with dedicated servers. Usually, LANs, MANs, and WANs represent the best examples of client/ server computer networks. Understanding IP addressing and subnetting For a computer to be able to communicate in a computer network, it must have an IP address. The IP address identifies the computer on that network. In complex networks, we encounter the term subnet, which helps to identify the specific network within the overall network. So far, the world of networks recognizes two IP-addressing technologies: IPv4 and IPv6. Nevertheless, even though IPv6-addressing technology is becoming more and more plausible, it still prefers the role of spectator in the great arena of the internet, in which IPv4-addressing technology continues to be the norm. IPv4 network addresses An Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) addressing technology—is often referred to as just an IP address. The label v4 represents the fourth version of IP addressing as specified in IETF publication RCF 791. It is a logical element in a network that consists of 32 bits organized into 4 octets with 8 bits each, divided by a decimal point for simplicity of interpretation (for example, 192.168.1.1). Additionally, the IETF's RFC 791 document organizes IP addresses into 8-bit, 16- bit, or 24-bit prefixes, which introduces the classful addressing that enables IP addresses to be organized into classes of A, B, C, D, and E. With classful addressing, the IP address is split into the bits used for the network portion and bits used for the host portion for a given class. IPv6 network addresses An Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) addressing technology - is another logical element that identifies a device on a computer network. The label v6 represents the sixth version of IP addressing, as specified in IETF publication RFC 2460. Unlike IPv4, IPv6 is a 128-bit address size organized into 8 hextets with 16 bits each, divided by a colon for simplicity of interpretation (for example, 2001:0DB8:85A3:0000:0000:8A2E:0370:7334). IPv4 subnetting Subnetting represents a logical division of one large network into multiple smaller networks. In subnetting, a subnet mask plays an important role in identifying the network and determining the size of the network. Additionally, subnetting enables you to identify the network address, host addresses, and broadcast address of a given network. By definition, a subnet mask is a 32-bit address used in combination with an IPv4 address to indicate a network and its hosts. The default subnet masks, otherwise known as classful networks, for each class of IPv4 addresses are shown: IPv4 Class Default subnet mask A 255.0.0.0 B 255.255.0.0 C 255.255.255.0 Understanding servers Throughout its history, Windows Server has evolved from a simple file server to an operating system that is capable of handling network services in complex environments such as corporate networks. Thus, Windows Server can provide network services such as domain controllers, web servers, print servers, and file servers. It often acts as a separate platform in which enterprise applications such as Exchange Server, SQL Server, SharePoint Server, and others are executed. With its robust performance and advanced security, nowadays, Windows Server is shaping cloud computing. Understanding server hardware and software Computer hardware and software represent the physical and logical components of a server, respectively. Since the primary role of the server is to provide network services to the clients, a server requires powerful hardware too. This is because software such as Windows Server is designed to process large workloads; therefore, reciprocally, its hardware is required to be durable and made of high-quality materials so it can continually deliver services and support network-based operations. A server is also specific to the types of services it provides. For example, a database server requires more memory and storage space. The CPU, memory, disk, and network are known to be the key system components that affect the overall performance of your servers. It is recommended that the performance of key system components is continuously monitored in order to maintain the optimal performance of servers for both normal and heavy workloads. Understanding server hardware and software A Central Processing Unit (CPU), or processor, is a chip on a server's motherboard. RAM represents the server's working memory, which is used by Windows Server 2019 and server applications. Thus, the more RAM on the server, the more applications can run simultaneously. As you know, data is usually stored on a disk. In the case of servers, they mostly have more than one disk, which is referred to as the server's disk sub-system. A network interface enables the server to connect to an organization's LAN and to the internet. Servers usually have more than one network interface. The faster the server's network connection speed is, the more data the server can send and receive to and from the network. Understanding server sizes, form factors, and shapes Regarding size and form factors, servers come in three different shapes: Rack-mountable servers are designed to be installed in a frame called a rack. These servers usually populate on-premises server rooms or data centers. Blade servers are small modules known as blades that are installed on a server's chassis to save space and power. These servers usually populate data centers or supercomputer facilities. Tower servers are single big case servers that stand upright. These servers are usually either used for testing purposes or to provide local services in a SOHO. Understanding a Network Operating System A Network Operating System (NOS) is software that is capable of managing, maintaining, and providing resources in a network. An NOS is capable of sharing files and applications, providing web services, managing access to resources, administering users and computers, providing tools for configuration, maintaining and providing resources, as well as other functions related to network resources. A NOS is an important component when it comes to managing computer network resources. These days, versions of Windows Server, Linux Server, and macOS Server are all considered to be an NOS because they are all capable of providing network services. Understanding Windows Server Windows Server is the server's operating system developed by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems. Windows Server timeline Cloud for the Server for the masses era Datacenter era 2009 Enterprise era 2000-2008 masses era 2016 - 1996-2000 - 2013 present Windows NT Server 3.5 Windows 2000 Server Windows Server 2008 Windows Server 2016 Windows NT Server 4.0 Windows Server 2003 Windows Server 2012 Windows Server 2019 Downloading Windows Server 2019 To download Windows Server 2019 on your Windows 10 computer, complete the following steps: 1. Press the Windows key + R to open Run. 2. Enter microsoft-edge: and press Enter. 3. In Microsoft Edge, click the address bar and enter https://www.microsoft.com/en- us/evalcenter/, and then press Enter. 4. On the Evaluation Center page, click the search icon in the right-upper corner and enter Windows Server 2019, then press Enter. 5. From the Search results, select Windows Server 2019. 6. Select your evaluation file type, and then click Continue. 7. Complete the form, and then click Continue. 8. Select your language, and then click Download. 9. Shortly after, the Windows Server 2019 download will begin. If not, you may want to click the Download button.