Introduction to Dentistry Lecture Three PDF

Lecture Three Dr. AMAL ALBTOOSH Tooth Surfaces and Landmarks Surfaces of the Teeth RMEMBER: The midline is an imaginary line passing in-between the upper and lower central incisors that bisects the head into right and left sides.  The proximal surface is the side or surface of a tooth n...

Lecture Three Dr. AMAL ALBTOOSH Tooth Surfaces and Landmarks Surfaces of the Teeth RMEMBER: The midline is an imaginary line passing in-between the upper and lower central incisors that bisects the head into right and left sides.  The proximal surface is the side or surface of a tooth next to an adjacent tooth in the same arch (jaw). THE MESIAL SURFACE is a proximal surface that faces or is closer to the midline of an arch. THE DISTAL SURFACE is the side or surface that faces away or is further away from the midline of an arch.  To Sum UP  The surface of a tooth that is directed toward the midline and/or toward the anterior (front) of the oral cavity is called the mesial surface.  To Sum UP  The surface of a tooth that is directed away from the midline and/or toward the posterior (back) of the oral cavity is called the distal surface.  THE FACIAL SURFACE is the surface of a tooth towards the face Facial can apply to anterior (front) teeth as well as posterior (back) teeth. FACIAL SURFACES (outer surface of a tooth in the mouth resting against or next to the cheeks or lips). The labial surface faces the lip (anterior) while the buccal surface faces the cheek (posterior).  The lingual surface is the surface adjacent to the tongue.  It is also sometimes referred to as the palatal surface since it is adjacent to the palate. The incisal ridge (edge) is the cutting The occlusal surface is the surface of anterior teeth. biting or chewing surface of posterior teeth. NOTE: The term apical relates to the root tip end of the tooth (apex or root)  When TWO SURFACES of a tooth meet, such as distal and incisal, this is called a LINE ANGLE.  When THREE SURFACES meet, such as distal, incisal, and labial, this is called a POINT ANGLE. The area of the mouth where two adjacent teeth in the same arch touch each other is called the contact area. A tooth in one arch that opposes the tooth in the opposite arch is called an ANTAGONIST/ (OPPOSING TEETH) The V-shaped space located near the contact area between adjacent teeth is called the EMBRASURE. These spaces provide a spill way for food to escape during chewing. A V-shaped opening between the curved proximal surfaces of adjacent teeth, gingival to the proximal contact  Landmarks of the Teeth Teeth have some common landmarks or anatomical markings. These landmarks are not present on all teeth and thus can help us identify each tooth. CUSP Content Here FISSURE A pointed part on the biting surface Deep pits and grooves of specific teeth on the (from the word surfaces of the teeth. cuspis meaning “a point”).. Restorative dentistry involves repairing or replacing teeth. The main goal of restorative dentistry is to improve oral health and chewing function. General dentists — sometimes called family dentists — perform restorative dentistry. PROCEDURES  Filling  Inlays  Onlays  Veneers  Teeth Whitening Dental restoration serves many purposes Removing Improving and 01 carious lesions 02 restoring teeth to normal function Alleviating Improving the 03 04 dental pain aesthetic appearance of the teeth and smile Decreasing the risk of dental problems in the future. Endodontics is the branch of dentistry associated with restorative dentistry concerned with dental pulp and surrounding the roots of a tooth. Endodontists are dental specialists who complete two or three years of additional training in the study and treatment of the dental pulp after dental school. The type of restorative procedure and the dental materials used usually depend upon:  The condition of the teeth  Patient preference Remember: (a decision should be made in conjunction with the dental provider). What Are Dental Caries? Dental caries, commonly known as tooth decay or cavities Definition: is a multifactorial dental disease that results in the demineralization and destruction of the hard tissues of the teeth (enamel, dentin, and cementum). This condition is caused by:  the activity of bacteria that metabolize carbohydrates from food and produce acid as a byproduct.  The acid dissolves the minerals in the tooth enamel, leading to the formation of cavities.  Classification of Dental Caries G.V. Black's Classification of Other consideration Classification systems Dental Caries first introduced in 1896 The International Caries Depth/Extent Classification and Management The most influential dental Age System (ICCMS) caries classification system. RADIOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE activity status The American Dental Association Based on the anatomical (ADA) Caries classification Affected Dental Tissue site of the lesion system (ADA CCS) Etiology Suggested a cavity design Activity status Mount-Hume Progression Classification System for each class. Cariologists: a group of experts who study dental caries Class Description Class I Caries affecting pits and fissures on occlusal third of molars and premolars, occlusal two-thirds of molars and premolars, and lingual part of anterior teeth. Class II Caries affecting proximal surfaces of molars and premolars. Class III Caries affecting proximal surfaces of central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines without involving the incisal angles. Class IV Caries affecting proximal including incisal angles of anterior teeth. Class V Caries affecting gingival one-third of facial or lingual surfaces of anterior or posterior teeth. Class VI Caries affecting cusp tips of molars, premolars, and canines.