Laboratory Management Types - 4th Stage PDF

# Laboratory management - 4th stage ## Laboratories Types Laboratories require a deep understanding of the specific needs, purposes and risks associated with each of them. ### Analytical and Quality Control (AQC) Laboratories: * In analytical and quality laboratories, products and materials are...

# Laboratory management - 4th stage ## Laboratories Types Laboratories require a deep understanding of the specific needs, purposes and risks associated with each of them. ### Analytical and Quality Control (AQC) Laboratories: * In analytical and quality laboratories, products and materials are tested against conformity to specifications. * Commonly shortened to AQC, refers to all those processes and procedures designed to ensure that the results of laboratory analysis are accurate. * Constituents show to the analytical laboratory must be accurately described to avoid approximations, or incorrect results. * The qualitative and quantitative data generated from the laboratory can then be used for making of decision. * Fields such as industry, medicine, and law can use of AQC. * Quality control begins with sample collection and ends with the reporting of data. ### Biosafety Laboratories: * The purpose of biosafety laboratories is the containment of potentially harmful biological agents. * There are four biosafety levels (BSL): from BSL1 to the highest level of BSL4. Each level has specific controls for containment of microbes and biological agents. The primary risks that determine levels of containment are infectivity, riskiness of disease. **BSL1** - This level (laboratory) is required for work with defined and characterized strains of microorganisms not cause disease. Example: Salmonella bacterium that occurs mainly in the intestine, causing food poisoning. **BSL2** - This level includes risk factors more than BSL1. Effective treatment and preventive gauge are available. Example: Hepatitis A, B, C and Measles virus. Safety requirements (BSL2): * Biohazard mark must be at entrance. * Control of waste disposal, protective clothes, no food & drinking. * Biosafety cabinets should be decontaminated regularly. * First aid. **BSL3** - This level includes various bacteria, parasites and viruses that can cause heavy to deadly disease in humans but for which treatments exist. Example: Yersinia pestis Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Safety requirements: * Hood with front protection. * Two sets of self-closing doors. * Protective clothing, gloves, face shield mask, goggles, closed shoes. * Windows closed and sealed. * Proper decontamination of wastes before disposing. **BSL4** - This level is required for work with dangerous agents which cause deadly disease in humans for which vaccines or other treatments are not available. Example: Ebola virus, Lassa fever, Coronavirus. Safety requirement: * Lab is separate. * Totally enclosed system. * A completely closed cabinet with glove pockets to allow treatment. * Multiple showers at entry & exit * Ultraviolet room. * Special waste disposal. ### Clinical and Medical Laboratories: * These laboratories are uses for diagnostic tests on tissue, blood and other patient samples. * They can be subdivided into various processes such as pathology, serology, histology, virology, bacteriology and molecular biology with PCR-technologies. * A medical laboratory or clinical laboratory is a laboratory where clinical pathology tests are carried out on clinical specimens to obtain information about the health of a patient to aid in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. ## Research & Development (R&D) Laboratories: * This category covers a broad spectrum of laboratories with various risk qualifications and containment requirements such as: Bio Safety Laboratories, laboratories with radio-active risks etc. * Also specialized laboratories for seed, crop, material, life sciences research are part of this category. * Companies often spend resources on certain investigative in an effort to discoveries that can help develop new products. These activities come under the Research and Development (R&D) umbrella: **1. Basic Research:** * When research aims to understand a subject more completely and build on the body of knowledge relating to it, then it in the basic research category. * This research does not have much practical or commercial application. **2. Applied Research:** * Applied research has more specific and directed objectives. * This type of research aims to determine methods to address a specific customer /industry need or requirement. * These searches are all focused on specific commercial objectives regarding products or processes. **3. Development:** * Development is when using of a research production for specific products including materials, systems and methods. * Design and development of prototypes and processes are also part of this area. * Development is research that generates necessary knowledge and designs for production.