Geotechnical Engineering (Soil Mechanics) PDF

P R E S E N TAT I O N GEOTECHNIC AL ENGINEERIN G (SOIL GROUP D MECHANICS)  Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering Also known as geotechnics, is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials. It uses the principles and methods of soil mec...

P R E S E N TAT I O N GEOTECHNIC AL ENGINEERIN G (SOIL GROUP D MECHANICS)  Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering Also known as geotechnics, is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials. It uses the principles and methods of soil mechanics and rock mechanics for the solution of engineering problems and the design of engineering works. Group D  Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering Includes: Investigating existing subsurface conditions Determining soil properties Assessing risks posed by site conditions Designing earthworks and structure foundation Monitoring site conditions, earthwork and Subtitles/closed captions unavailable Group D  Soil Mechanics A discipline of engineering science which deals with the properties and behavior of soil as a structural material. All structures have to be built on soils. Our main objective in the study of soil mechanics is to lay down certain principles, theories and procedures for the design of a safe and sound structure. The foundation engineer must have the Group D ability to interpret the principles of soil mechanics to suit the field conditions.  History of Soil Mechanics 1930: "Soil Mechanics" was established as a branch of civil engineering. Karl Terzaghi's contribution in the field of Soil Mechanics have been immense and he is fittingly called the "Father of Soil Mechanics". The term Soil Mechanics was coined by him. Preclassical Period of Soil Mechanics (1700-1717: Henri Gautier (1660-1737) 1776) studied the natural slopes of soils. 1729: Bernard Forest de Belidor This period concentrated (1671-1761) published a textbook proposing a theory for lateral earth on studies relating to pressure on retaining walls. natural slope and unit weights of various types of 1746: Francois Gadroy (1705-1759) soils, as well as the semi- reported the first laboratory model empirical earth pressure test results on a 76-mm-high retaining wall built with sand theories. backfill. 1769: French engineer Jean Rodolphe Perronet (1708-1794) studie slope stability. 1776: French scientist Charles Augustin Coulomb (1736-1806) Classical Period of used the principles of calculus for maxima and minima in his study in Soil Mechanics - retaining walls. Phase I (1776-1856) 1790: Gaspard Clair Marie Riche de Prony (1755-1839) included During this period, most of Coulomb's theory in his leading textbook, Nouvelle Architecture the developments in the Hydraulique (Vol. 1). area of geotechnical engineering came from 1820: Jacques Frederic Francais engineers and scientists in (1775-1833) and Claude Louis Marie France. Henri Navier (1785-1836) studied special cases related to inclined backfills and backfills supporting surcharge.  Classical Period of 1840: Jean Victor Poncelet (1788- Soil Mechanics - 1867) extended Coulomb's theory by providing a graphical method for Phase I (1776-1856) determining the magnitude of During this period, most of lateral earth pressure. the developments in the area of geotechnical engineering came from 1846: Alexandre Collin (1808-1890) engineers and scientists in provided the details for deep slips in cla slopes, cutting, and France. embankments.  1856: Henri Philibert Gaspard Classical Period of Darcy (1803-1858) published a study on the permeability of sand Soil Mechanics - filters. Sir George Howard Darwin (1845- Phase II (1856- 1912) conducted laboratory tests to determine the overturning moment on a hinged wall retaining sand. 1910) 1885: Joseph Valentin Boussinesq (1842-1929), was the development Several experimental of the theory of stress distribution. results from laboratory tests on sand appeared in 1887: Osborne Reynolds (1842- 1912) demonstrated the the literature in this phase. phenomenon of dilatancy in sand. 1898: Beresford's 1898 study on uplift pressure on the Narora Weir on the Ganges River has been documented in Technical Paper No. 97, Government of India, 1902  Modern Period of Soil Mechanics (1910-1927) IN THIS PERIOD, RESULTS OF RESEARCH CONDUCTED ON CLAYS WERE PUBLISHED IN WHICH THE FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES AND PARAMETERS OF CLAY WERE ESTABLISHED. 1911 1918, 1926 1919-1924 Albert Mauritz Wolmar Karl Terzaghi Atterberg Fellenius (1876- (1883-1963) explained the 1957) of Austria consistency of developed the developed cohesive soils stability the theory of by defining analysis of consolidation liquid, plastic, saturated clay. for clays as and shrinkage we know limits. today.  Importance of Soil Mechanics Foundations All the civil engineering structures, ultimately rest on the soil. They transfer their whole load to the soil, so we have to construct the foundations to retain these structures. In case of the hard soil/having sufficient strength we can provide the shallow foundations. If we know the strength of the soil then we can decide which type of foundation is to be used. If the soil is weak in strength then we have to provide the deep foundations like pile foundation, well foundation etc. It is important to know the method to calculate the method to know the strength of the soil.  Importance of Soil Mechanics Earthen Dams There are so many earthen dams constructed to retain the water. The soil to be used for the construction of these earthen dams must be suitable enough to use it in its construction. Various properties of the soil, like its permeability, strength, and density are checked on regular basis to know if the soil compacted to required density or not. The earthen dams are costly structure and also they have a high risk of getting failed, so they must be constructed with great care, so it is very important to study the properties of the soil.  Importance of Soil Mechanics Embankments There are embankments constructed to raise the levels of the highways on the plains because there are chances of the floods etc, and also it is required to keep the foundation of the pavement above the water table. The embankments are generally constructed of the soil, which is tested for its various properties. There is need to design a economical embankment which is only possible by studying the various soil properties. Here are some notable structures in Ilocos Norte that involve geotechnical engineering principles: PAOAY CHURCH BANGUI WINDMILLS PATAPAT VIADUCT Here are some notable structures in Ilocos Norte that involve geotechnical engineering principles: LAOAG CAPE BOJEADOR BURGOS WIND FARM INTERNATIONAL LIGHTHOUSE AIRPORT  Here are some notable structures in Ilocos Norte that involve geotechnical engineering principles: CROBATIC BELL SINKING BELL TOWER MUSEO ILOCOS NORTE TOWER Overall Geotechnical engineering is a sub- discipline of civil engineering and can be defined as the use of earth material (soil and rock) for improving and defending society and life. By knowing the Geotechnical Engineering we can improve the durability of Civil Engineering structures THANK YOU FOR LISTENING! GROUP 4