Introduction to Programming PDF

Introduction to Programming Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015  Notes F Assessment: – 50 % Semester Work u Midterm, Quizes, Assignments, Projects,…. – 50 % Final...

Introduction to Programming Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015  Notes F Assessment: – 50 % Semester Work u Midterm, Quizes, Assignments, Projects,…. – 50 % Final Exam F Textbooks – “Introduction To JAVA Programming” ,Tenth Edition, Author: Y. Daniel Liang Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 2  Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers, Programs, and Java Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 3  Objectives F To understand computer basics, programs, and operating systems (§§1.2–1.4). F To describe the relationship between Java and the World Wide Web (§1.5). F To understand the meaning of Java language specification, API, JDK, and IDE (§1.6). F To write a simple Java program (§1.7). F To display output on the console (§1.7). F To explain the basic syntax of a Java program (§1.7). F To create, compile, and run Java programs (§1.8). F To use sound Java programming style and document programs properly (§1.9). F To explain the differences between syntax errors, runtime errors, and logic errors (§1.10). F To develop Java programs using NetBeans (§1.11). F To develop Java programs using Eclipse (§1.12). Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 4  What is a Computer? A computer consists of a CPU, memory, hard disk, floppy disk, monitor, printer, and communication devices. Bus Storage Communication Input Output Devices Memory CPU Devices Devices Devices e.g., Disk, CD, e.g., Modem, e.g., Keyboard, e.g., Monitor, and Tape and NIC Mouse Printer Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 5  CPU ü The central processing unit (CPU) is the brain of a computer. ü It retrieves instructions from memory and executes them. ü The CPU speed is measured in megahertz (MHz), with 1 megahertz equaling 1 million pulses per second. ü The speed of the CPU has been improved continuously. Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 6  Memory ü Memory is to store data and program instructions for CPU to execute. ü A memory unit is an ordered sequence of bytes, each holds eight bits. ü A program and its data must be brought to memory before they can be executed. ü A memory byte is never empty, but its initial content may be meaningless to your program. ü The current content of a memory byte is lost whenever new information is placed in it. Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 7  How Data is Stored? ü Data of various kinds, such as numbers, characters, and strings, are encoded as a series of bits (zeros and ones). Memory address Memory content ü Computers use zeros and ones because digital devices have two stable states, which are.. referred to as zero and one by convention..... ü The programmers need not to be concerned 2000 01001010 Encoding for character ‘J’ about the encoding and decoding of data, which 2001 01100001 Encoding for character ‘a’ is performed automatically by the system based 2002 01110110 Encoding for character ‘v’ on the encoding scheme. 2003 01100001 Encoding for character ‘a’ ü The encoding scheme varies. For example, 2004 00000011 Encoding for number 3 character ‘J’ is represented by 01001010 in one byte. ü A small number such as three can be stored in a single byte. If computer needs to store a large number that cannot fit into a single byte, it uses a number of adjacent bytes. Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 8  Storage Devices ü Memory is volatile, because information is lost when the power is off. Programs and data are permanently stored on storage devices and are moved to memory when the computer actually uses them. ü There are four main types of storage devices: Disk drives (hard disks and floppy disks), CD drives (CD-R and CD-RW), and Tape drives. In addition to Electronic Drives (USB) Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 9  Output Devices: Monitor The monitor displays information (text and graphics). The resolution and dot pitch determine the quality of the display. Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 10  Programs ü Computer programs, known as software, are instructions to the computer. ü You tell a computer what to do through programs. ü Without programs, a computer is an empty machine. Computers do not understand human languages, ü So you need to use computer languages to communicate with them. ü Programs are written using programming languages. Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 11  Programming Languages Machine Language Assembly Language High-Level Language ü Machine language is a set of primitive instructions built into every computer. ü The instructions are in the form of binary code, so you have to enter binary codes for various instructions. ü For example, to add two numbers, you might write an instruction in binary like this: 1101101010011010 Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 12  Programming Languages Machine Language Assembly Language High-Level Language ü Assembly languages were developed to make programming easy. ü Since the computer cannot understand assembly language, however, a program called assembler is used to convert assembly language programs into machine code. ü For example, to add two numbers, you might write an instruction in assembly code like this: ADDF3 R1, R2, R3 Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 13  Programming Languages Machine Language Assembly Language High-Level Language ü The high-level languages are English-like and easy to learn and program. ü For example, the following is a high-level language statement that computes the area of a circle with radius 5: area = 5 * 5 * 3.1415; Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 14  Popular High-Level Languages Language Description Ada Named for Ada Lovelace, who worked on mechanical general-purpose computers. The Ada language was developed for the Department of Defense and is used mainly in defense projects. BASIC Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. It was designed to be learned and used easily by beginners. C Developed at Bell Laboratories. C combines the power of an assembly language with the ease of use and portability of a high-level language. C++ C++ is an object-oriented language, based on C. C# Pronounced “C Sharp.” It is a hybrid of Java and C++ and was developed by Microsoft. COBOL COmmon Business Oriented Language. Used for business applications. FORTRAN FORmula TRANslation. Popular for scientific and mathematical applications. Java Developed by Sun Microsystems, now part of Oracle. It is widely used for developing platform- independent Internet applications. Pascal Named for Blaise Pascal, who pioneered calculating machines in the seventeenth century. It is a simple, structured, general-purpose language primarily for teaching programming. Python A simple general-purpose scripting language good for writing short programs. Visual Visual Basic was developed by Microsoft and it enables the programmers to rapidly develop Basic graphical user interfaces. Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 15  Interpreting/Compiling Source Code ü A program written in a high-level language is called a source program or source code. ü Because a computer cannot understand a source program, a source program must be translated into machine code for execution. ü The translation can be done using another programming tool called an interpreter or a compiler. Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 16  Interpreting Source Code An interpreter reads one statement from the source code, translates it to the machine code or virtual machine code, Then executes it right away, as shown in the following figure. Note that a statement from the source code may be translated into several machine instructions. Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 17  Compiling Source Code A compiler translates the entire source code into a machine-code file, and the machine-code file is then executed, as shown in the following figure. Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 18  Operating Systems ü The operating system (OS) is a program that manages and controls a computer’s activities. ü The popular operating systems for general-purpose computers are Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. ü Application programs, such as a We b b r o w s e r o r a w o r d processor, cannot run unless an operating system is installed and running on the computer. Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 19  Why Java? ü The answer is that Java enables users to develop and deploy applications on the Internet for servers, desktop computers, and small hand-held devices. ü The future of computing is being profoundly influenced by the Internet, and Java promises to remain a big part of that future. Java is the Internet programming language. FJava is a general purpose programming language. FJava is the Internet programming language. Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 20  Java, Web, and Beyond F Java can be used to develop standalone applications (Desktop Apps). F Java can be used to develop applications running from a browser (Applets). F Java can also be used to develop applications for hand-held devices. F Java can be used to develop applications for Web servers. Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 21  Characteristics of Java Companion Website F Java Is Simple F Java Is Object-Oriented F Java Is Distributed F Java Is Interpreted F Java Is Robust F Java Is Secure F Java Is Architecture-Neutral F Java Is Portable F Java's Performance F Java Is Multithreaded F Java Is Dynamic Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 22  Characteristics of Java Companion Website F Java Is Simple ü Java is partially modeled on C++, but greatly simplified and improved. F Java Is Object-Oriented ü Some people refer to Java as "C++--" F Java Is Distributed because it is like C++ but with more F Java Is Interpreted functionality. F Java Is Robust F Java Is Secure F Java Is Architecture-Neutral F Java Is Portable F Java's Performance F Java Is Multithreaded F Java Is Dynamic Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 23  Characteristics of Java Companion Website F Java Is Simple ü Java is inherently object-oriented. ü Although many object-oriented F Java Is Object-Oriented languages began strictly as procedural F Java Is Distributed languages, ü Java was designed from the start to be F Java Is Interpreted object-oriented. F Java Is Robust ü Object-oriented programming provides F Java Is Secure great flexibility, modularity, clarity, and reusability through encapsulation, F Java Is Architecture-Neutral inheritance, and polymorphism. F Java Is Portable F Java's Performance F Java Is Multithreaded F Java Is Dynamic Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 24  Characteristics of Java Companion Website F Java Is Simple ü Distributed computing involves several computers working together on F Java Is Object-Oriented a network. F Java Is Distributed ü Java is designed to make distributed computing easy. F Java Is Interpreted ü Since networking capability is F Java Is Robust inherently integrated into Java, writing F Java Is Secure network programs is like sending and receiving data to and from a file. F Java Is Architecture-Neutral F Java Is Portable F Java's Performance F Java Is Multithreaded F Java Is Dynamic Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 25  Characteristics of Java Companion Website F Java Is Simple ü You need an interpreter to run Java programs. F Java Is Object-Oriented ü The programs are compiled into the F Java Is Distributed Java Virtual Machine JVM code called bytecode. F Java Is Interpreted ü The bytecode is machine-independent F Java Is Robust and can run on any machine that has a F Java Is Secure Java interpreter, which is part of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). F Java Is Architecture-Neutral F Java Is Portable F Java's Performance F Java Is Multithreaded F Java Is Dynamic Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 26  Characteristics of Java Companion Website F Java Is Simple ü Java compilers can detect many problems that would first show up at F Java Is Object-Oriented execution time in other languages. F Java Is Distributed ü Java has a runtime exception-handling F Java Is Interpreted feature to provide progra mming F Java Is Robust support for robustness. F Java Is Secure F Java Is Architecture-Neutral F Java Is Portable F Java's Performance F Java Is Multithreaded F Java Is Dynamic Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 27  Characteristics of Java Companion Website F Java Is Simple F Java Is Object-Oriented F Java Is Distributed F Java Is Interpreted Java implements several security mechanisms F Java Is Robust to protect your system against harm caused by F Java Is Secure stray programs. F Java Is Architecture-Neutral F Java Is Portable F Java's Performance F Java Is Multithreaded F Java Is Dynamic Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 28  Characteristics of Java Companion Website F Java Is Simple F Java Is Object-Oriented F Java Is Distributed F Java Is Interpreted F Java Is Robust ü Write once, run anywhere F Java Is Secure ü With a Java Virtual Machine (JVM), F Java Is Architecture-Neutral you can write one program that will run on any platform. F Java Is Portable F Java's Performance F Java Is Multithreaded F Java Is Dynamic Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 29  Characteristics of Java Companion Website F Java Is Simple F Java Is Object-Oriented F Java Is Distributed F Java Is Interpreted F Java Is Robust F Java Is Secure F Java Is Architecture-Neutral F Java Is Portable ü Because Java is architecture F Java's Performance neutral, Java programs are portable. F Java Is Multithreaded ü They can be run on any platform F Java Is Dynamic without being recompiled. Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 30  Characteristics of Java Companion Website F Java Is Simple F Java Is Object-Oriented F Java Is Distributed F Java Is Interpreted F Java Is Robust F Java Is Secure F Java Is Architecture-Neutral F Java Is Portable F Java's Performance ü Java’s performance Because Java is architecture neutral, Java programs F Java Is Multithreaded are portable. F Java Is Dynamic ü They can be run on any platform without being recompiled. Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 31  Characteristics of Java Companion Website F Java Is Simple F Java Is Object-Oriented F Java Is Distributed F Java Is Interpreted F Java Is Robust F Java Is Secure F Java Is Architecture-Neutral F Java Is Portable F Java's Performance ü Multithread programming is smoothly F Java Is Multithreaded integrated in Java, ü whereas in other languages you have to F Java Is Dynamic call procedures specific to the operating system to enable multithreading. Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 32  Characteristics of Java Companion Website F Java Is Simple F Java Is Object-Oriented F Java Is Distributed F Java Is Interpreted F Java Is Robust F Java Is Secure F Java Is Architecture-Neutral F Java Is Portable ü New code can be loaded on the fly without recompilation. F Java's Performance ü There is no need for developers to create, F Java Is Multithreaded and for users to install, major new software versions. F Java Is Dynamic ü N e w f e a t u r e s c a n b e i n c o r p o r a t e d transparently as needed. Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 33  JDK Versions F JDK 1.02 (1995) F JDK 1.1 (1996) F JDK 1.2 (1998) F JDK 1.3 (2000) F JDK 1.4 (2002) F JDK 1.5 (2004) a. k. a. JDK 5 or Java 5 F JDK 1.6 (2006) a. k. a. JDK 6 or Java 6 F JDK 1.7 (2011) a. k. a. JDK 7 or Java 7 F JDK 1.8 (2014) a. k. a. JDK 8 or Java 8 Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 34  JDK Editions F Java Standard Edition (J2SE) – J2SE can be used to develop client-side standalone applications or applets. F Java Enterprise Edition (J2EE) – J2EE can be used to develop server-side applications such as Java servlets, Java ServerPages, and Java ServerFaces. F Java Micro Edition (J2ME). – J2ME can be used to develop applications for mobile devices such as cell phones. This book uses J2SE to introduce Java programming. Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 35  Popular Java IDEs F NetBeans F Eclipse F Intelij Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 36  A Simple Java Program Listing 1.1 // This program prints Welcome to Java! public class Welcome { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Welcome to Java!"); } } Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 37 Creating and Editing Using NotePad To use NotePad, type notepad Welcome.java from the DOS prompt. Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 38 Creating and Editing Using WordPad To use WordPad, type write Welcome.java from the DOS prompt. Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 39  Creating, Compiling, and Running Programs Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 40 animation Trace a Program Execution Enter main method // This program prints Welcome to Java! public class Welcome { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Welcome to Java!"); } } Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 41 animation Trace a Program Execution Execute statement // This program prints Welcome to Java! public class Welcome { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Welcome to Java!"); } } Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 42 animation Trace a Program Execution // This program prints Welcome to Java! public class Welcome { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Welcome to Java!"); } } print a message to the console Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 43 Two More Simple Examples Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 44 Companion Website Compiling and Running Java from the Command Window F Set path to JDK bin directory – set path=c:\Program Files\java\jdk1.8.0\bin F Set classpath to include the current directory – set classpath=. F Compile – javac Welcome.java F Run – java Welcome Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 45  Compiling and Running Java Companion Website from TextPad F See Supplement II.A on the Website for details Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 46  Anatomy of a Java Program F Class name F Main method F Statements F Statement terminator F Reserved words F Comments F Blocks Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 47  Class Name ü Every Java program must have at least one class. Each class has a name. ü By convention, class names start with an uppercase letter. In this example, the class name is Welcome. // This program prints Welcome to Java! public class Welcome { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Welcome to Java!"); } } Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 48  Main Method ü Line 2 defines the main method. ü In order to run a class, the class must contain a method named main. ü The program is executed from the main method. // This program prints Welcome to Java! public class Welcome { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Welcome to Java!"); } } Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 49  Statement A statement represents an action or a sequence of actions. The statement System.out.println("Welcome to Java!") in the program is a statement to display the greeting "Welcome to Java!“. // This program prints Welcome to Java! public class Welcome { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Welcome to Java!"); } } Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 50  Statement Terminator Every statement in Java ends with a semicolon (;). // This program prints Welcome to Java! public class Welcome { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Welcome to Java!"); } } Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 51  Reserved words ü Reserved words or keywords are words that have a specific meaning to the compiler and cannot be used for other purposes in the program. ü For example, when the compiler sees the word class, it understands that the word after class is the name for the class. // This program prints Welcome to Java! public class Welcome { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Welcome to Java!"); } } Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 52  Blocks A pair of braces in a program forms a block that groups components of a program. public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { Class block System.out.println("Welcome to Java!"); Method block } } Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 53  Special Symbols Character Name Description {} Opening and closing Denotes a block to enclose statements. braces () Opening and closing Used with methods. parentheses [] Opening and closing Denotes an array. brackets // Double slashes Precedes a comment line. "" Opening and closing Enclosing a string (i.e., sequence of characters). quotation marks ; Semicolon Marks the end of a statement. Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 54  { …} // This program prints Welcome to Java! public class Welcome { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Welcome to Java!"); } } Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 55  ( … ) // This program prints Welcome to Java! public class Welcome { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Welcome to Java!"); } } Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 56  ; // This program prints Welcome to Java! public class Welcome { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Welcome to Java!"); } } Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 57  // … // This program prints Welcome to Java! public class Welcome { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Welcome to Java!"); } } Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 58  public class Welcome { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Welcome to Java!"); } } Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 59  "…" // This program prints Welcome to Java! public class Welcome { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Welcome to Java!"); } } Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 60  Programming Style and Documentation F Appropriate Comments F Naming Conventions F Proper Indentation and Spacing Lines F Block Styles Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 61  Appropriate Comments Include a summary at the beginning of the program to explain what the program does, its key features, its supporting data structures, and any unique techniques it uses. Include your name, class section, instructor, date, and a brief description at the beginning of the program. Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 62  Naming Conventions F Choose meaningful and descriptive names. F Class names: – Capitalize the first letter of each word in the name. For example, the class name ComputeExpression. Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 63  Proper Indentation and Spacing F Indentation – Indent two spaces. F Spacing – Use blank line to separate segments of the code. Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 64  Block Styles Use end-of-line style for braces. Next-line public class Test style { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Block Styles"); } } End-of-line style public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Block Styles"); } } Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 65  Programming Errors F Syntax Errors – Detected by the compiler F Runtime Errors – Causes the program to abort F Logic Errors – Produces incorrect result Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 66  Syntax Errors public class Show Syntax Errors { public static main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Welcome to Java); } Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 67  Runtime Errors public class ShowRuntimeErrors { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(1 / 0); } } Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 68  Logic Errors public class ShowLogicErrors { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Celsius 35 = Fahrenheit degree"); System.out.println((9 / 5) * 35 + 32); } } Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 69