Fungal Infections PDF

Fungal Infections Septate Hyphae Non-Septate Hyphae Septate Hyphae of Phialophora richardsiae Mold Form: Aspergillus fumigatus (upper) and Yeast Form: Pneumocystis jirovecii (upper) and Histoplasma capsulatum (lower). Cryptococcus neoformans (lower...

Fungal Infections Septate Hyphae Non-Septate Hyphae Septate Hyphae of Phialophora richardsiae Mold Form: Aspergillus fumigatus (upper) and Yeast Form: Pneumocystis jirovecii (upper) and Histoplasma capsulatum (lower). Cryptococcus neoformans (lower).  Aspergillus Hyphae are invading the nearby tissues DERMATOPHYTES KOH Wood’s Lamp Examination PITYRIASIS (TINEA) VERSICOLOR “Spaghetti and Meatballs” appearance of Malassezia on Microscopy SPOROTHRIX SCHENCKII  Primary Site of Infection showing Ulcer New Ulcers appear as the fungus follows the path of the lymphatic vessel Traumatic injury to the skin while Gardening (e.g., thorn prick) → Fungus enters the skin Cigar-shaped Yeasts of Sporothrix schenckii on Microscopy Candida  Yeast Cells Pseudohypae are “yeast” forms of Candida  Germ Tubes are “hyphae” of Candida albicans Oral Thrush Esophageal Thrush Candida Vaginitis Intertrigo Diaper Rash Aspergillus  Aspergillus Hyphae are invading the nearby tissues Invasive Aspergillosis Aspergillus is invading the lung at multiple locations as shown on this CT scan Aspergillus invading the brain tissue Invasive Aspergillosis Aspergilloma is a “fungus ball” that develops in existing lung cavities inside the lungs Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Asthma-like condition caused by allergic reaction to Aspergillus Can cause Shortness of Breath and Cough producing Sputum Zygomycetes Zygomycetes molds are present all around us, especially in decaying organic matter Chronic Sinusitis + Orbital Cellulitis (Skin infection) of Mucormycosis Hyphae + Branching at 90⁰ Pneumocystis Pneumocystis Pneumonia Disc-shaped Cryptococcus Thick Capsule Cryptococcal Pneumonia  Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis Slowly begins with Fever, Fatigue and Headache Later on can cause Confusion and Change in Behavior 28 year-old pregnant patient came to the clinic with complaints of jaundice, right upper abdominal pain, fever and malaise (tiredness). She has low healthcare literacy but says that she may have been diagnosed with some kind of liver condition before. The patient was hospitalized and over the next several days new symptoms of altered mental status and vomiting appeared. Her condition quickly deteriorated and she eventually succumbed to the disease and died. 1. What is the most likely diagnosis? What supports your diagnosis? 2. What will be your differential (what else could have happened here) and why? 3. Is it possible to treat or prevent this condition?