Emergency Care PDF - IBN-Alnafis University

EMERGENCY CARE IBN-Alnafis University for medical signs 2ed Year Respiratory Therapist Student Dr:MOHAMMED-SENAN 1 BS, RCP, MsRC Nov-23 Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan  EMERGEN...

EMERGENCY CARE IBN-Alnafis University for medical signs 2ed Year Respiratory Therapist Student Dr:MOHAMMED-SENAN 1 BS, RCP, MsRC Nov-23 Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan  EMERGENCY CARE A summary of how you can assist others in an emergency situation Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 2 EMERGENCY CARE TOPICS  Basic principles  Epilepsy Legal considerations  Poisoning  Bleeding  Envenomation  Shock  Musculoskeletal  Burns injuries  Choking  Heat and cold  Asthma  Diabetes Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 3  WHAT IT IS ALL ABOUT “Simple, effective management or care given to a casualty of injury or sudden illness until more advanced care can be provided.” ·to preserve life ·to protect the unconscious casualty ·to prevent further injury or pain Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 4 ·to promote recovery.  IN THE SITUATION OF AN EMERGENCY… Your priorities should be: remove the danger, or the casualty from danger before proceeding further. determine whether the casualty is conscious. ensure airway is clear. if absent, expired air resuscitation needs to be commenced immediately. if absent, cardiopulmonary Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 5 resuscitation is urgently required. Don't need to check circulation anymore.  IF A CASUALTY IS CONSCIOUS… The secondary survey is to:  Obtain history  Check for vital signs  Note casualty symptoms DUTY OF CARE  People should only act if they have duly considered the consequences  Duty of care depends on the relationship you have with the other i.e. Teacher and student.  If you are not emergency care trained and/or not confident you may choose not to act and Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 6 simply call 000 and communicate with others  Factors in controlling bleeding  Pressure  Elevation  Rest and reassurance Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 7 Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 8 Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 9 Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 10 Femoral artery Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 11 Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 12  BURNS Do:  Cool burns under running water  Remove jewellery  Cover burn with sterile non- stick dressing  Treat for shock Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 13  BURNS DO NOT:  Break blisters  Apply lotions, ointments or creams  Apply ice  Remove clothing that sticks to the burned area Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 14 Rule of nines for calculating total burn surface area: 9%( 9%(  For adult person : 1- The head and neck 9%(front 4.5% posterior 4.5%). 2- The chest 9%. 3- The abdomen 9%. 18% 9% 4- The upper back 9%. 5- Each upper extremity 18% (anterior 9% ,posterior 9 %) 6- Each lower 18%((anterior 9% ,posterior 9%) 18% 7- the lower back and buttocks 9%. 8- Right and left legs 18%(anterior 9 %, posterior 9%) 9- The genital region 1%.  For infant and young children: 1- The head and neck 18%. 9% 2- Each upper extremity 9%(18 %) 3- The chest and abdomen 18%. 9% 4- The entire back 18%. 1% 5- Each lower extremity , 13,5% (27 %) 6- The genital region 1%. Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan 18% Nov-23 18% 15 Total body surface =100%.  CHOKING If a causality is able to breathe:  Allow them to cough with no interference  Allow to recover  Arrange for medical care Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 16  CHOKING If casualty is not able to breathe:  Position head low  Give 4 back blows  Reassess breathing Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 17 If the back blow was INEFFECTIVE:  Place on side  Give 4 lateral chest thrusts  Continue previous steps  Monitor ABC Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 18  ASTHMA ATTACKS sit the casualty upright, remain calm and provide reassurance. Do not leave the casualty alone. give four puffs of a reliever puffer (airomir, asmol, bricanyl, respolin or ventolin), one puff at a time, preferably through a spacer device*. Ask the casualty to take four breaths from the spacer after each puff. wait four minutes. if there is little or no improvement, repeat steps 2 and 3. Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 19  SEVERE ASTHMA ATTACK If the casualty is not responding to the previous measures:  Call an ambulance  Repeat steps 2 and 3 while waiting for ambulance Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 20  DIABETES  If conscious, give the casualty sugar  If unconscious, - Call for medical assistance - Monitor ABC - Do not give sugar by mouth Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 21  SEIZURES If the casualty is fitting:  Remove sharp or hard objects to protect the casualty from the environment.  If on a hard surface, protect the casualty’s head with clothing.  Turn the casualty on to their side as soon as possible and maintain a clear airway.  Do not try to place anything in the mouth. Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 22  SEIZURES Call an ambulance if:  It is an infant/child  Remains unconscious  pregnant  Has diabetes  Has had no previous history  Has seizure in water  The seizure has lasted long than a few minutes Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 23  POISONS Poisoning can occur in four ways: ingestion (swallowed) inhalation (breathed) absorption (through skin) injection (needles, bites, stings). If a patient is unconscious… UNCONSCIOUS = Contact poison Information Centre 131126 CONSCIOUS = Apply DRABC Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 24  ENVENOMATION To deal with poisons through bites and stings, apply the... PIT (pressure ,immobilization ,technique) Insect bites and Stings  Apply ice  Apply PIT immediately if allergic reaction occurs or if casualty is known to be allergic Marine stingers  Hot water for scorpion or stone fish Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 25  Cold packs for jellyfish or bluebottles  SPRAINS, STRAINS AND BRUISING Apply RICER  Rest  Ice  Compression  Elevation  Referral Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 26  FRACTURES To treat a suspected fracture:  Prevent further movement  Support or immobilise the injured part  You will need to use a splint if you are able to access this resource Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 27 Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 28 Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 29  EXPOSURE TO HEAT If casualty is overheated  Rest and reassure  Gradually cool body surface  Give cool water EXPOSURE TO COLD If the casualty is suspected hypothermic:  Cover affected area with dressing  Gradually warm body surface Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 30  Give warm fluids THANK YOU Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Senan Nov-23 31