Plumbing System PDF

10/13/2024 DUHOK POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY DUHOK TECHNICAL INSTITUTE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY DEPT. BUILDING SERVICES PLUMBING SYSTEM ASST. LEC. BAYAN A.TAHA SECOND YEAR FIRST SEMESTER 2024-2025...

10/13/2024 DUHOK POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY DUHOK TECHNICAL INSTITUTE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY DEPT. BUILDING SERVICES PLUMBING SYSTEM ASST. LEC. BAYAN A.TAHA SECOND YEAR FIRST SEMESTER 2024-2025 Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 1 PLUMBING; Is the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures & other apparatuses in buildings & for bringing the supply, liquids, substances &/or ingredients & removing them  System of pipes and fixtures installed in a building for the distribution and use of portable (drinkable) water and the removal of waterborne wastes.  Plumbing is the work of connecting and repairing things such as water and drainage pipes, baths, and toilets. Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 2 1  10/13/2024 Importance of Plumbing in Building Construction  Health and Safety: Plumbing systems are crucial for maintaining hygiene by providing clean water and ensuring the safe disposal of wastewater. This prevents the spread of waterborne diseases.  Comfort and Convenience: Modern plumbing allows for the delivery of water to different parts of a building, making tasks like cooking, bathing, and cleaning convenient.  Building Functionality: Plumbing is integral to a building's functionality, supporting both residential and commercial activities.  Economic Value: A well-designed plumbing system adds value to a property, making it more desirable and functional. Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 3 Water Supply and Distribution System The water supply system in a building is designed to deliver clean, potable water to various fixtures and appliances for domestic, commercial, or industrial use. It includes the entire network of pipes, pumps, storage tanks, and valves that transport water from a source (e.g., municipal supply, well) to points of use within the building. Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 4 2  10/13/2024 Water Supply and Distribution System Water demand depends on:  Type of building & its function  Number of occupants, permanent or transitional  Requirement for fire protection systems  Landscape & water features METHODS OF WATER DISTRIBUTION  Direct supply system (UPFEED) Water is provided by the city water companies using normal pressure from public water main. Depending upon the level of source, topography of the area and other local conditions, the water may be forced into distribution system by following ways – 1. Gravity System 2. Pumping System 3. Combined gravity and pumping system Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 5 Water Supply and Distribution System GRAVITY SYSTEM Suitable when source of supply is at sufficient height. Most reliable and economical distribution system. The water head available at the consumer is just minimum required. Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 6 3  10/13/2024 Water Supply and Distribution System PUMPING SYSTEM Treated water enters directly into the distribution main without out any storing mechanism. This system is Also called as pumping without storage system. High capacity pumps are required. If power supply fails it can cause complete stoppage of water supply. The method is not general used. 1. Cost of Pumps, maintenance. 2. Power consumption. 3. Operation & maintenance Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 7 Water Supply and Distribution System COMBINED GRAVITY and PUMPING SYSTEM Most commonly used system Treated water is pumped and stored in an elevated distribution reservoir. Which then supplies to consumer by action of gravity. The excess water during low demand periods get stored in reservoir and get supplied during high demand period. It is economical, efficient and reliable system. Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 8 4  10/13/2024 Water Supply and Distribution System Carries water from water mains to the various points (fixtures) in the building where water is to be used.  Indirect supply system 1. Down Feed Gravity System. 2. Hydro Pneumatic System (Air Pressure System). Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 9 Water Supply and Distribution System DOWNFEED or GRAVITY SYSTEM Water is pumped into a large tank on top of the building and is distributed to the fixtures by means of gravity. This not only saves you money but is also kinder to the planet. Reliability: When it comes to dependability, gravity-fed systems have the upper hand over systems that rely on pumps. Even during a power cut, they'll keep the water flowing Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 10 5  10/13/2024 Water Supply and Distribution System HYDRO PNEUMATIC SYSTEM/ AIR PRESSURE SYSTEM When pressure supplied by city water supply is not strong enough Compressed air is used to raise and push water into the system. The entire equipment operates automatically through a control console and the pumps start at low pressure and stop automatically at high pressure throughout the day and night, depending upon the demand for water Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 11 Sanitary system System includes all potable water supply and distribution pipes, all plumbing fixtures and traps; All sanitary and drainage systems; eg. roof drains and down spouts And all building drains and sewers, including the joints and connections Supply Pipe Fixture Drainage Pipe Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 12 6  10/13/2024 Building Drainage  A building is provided with a drainage system to discharge effectively the sewage of the building into the public sewer. Domestic sewage from a building includes human excreta as well as discharge from bathroom, kitchen, etc. and collected by building sewers and finally discharged into the public sewer. Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 13 Building Drainage Aims of Building Drainage : 1. To maintain healthy conditions in the building. 2. To dispose off waste water as early and quickly as possible. 3. To avoid the entry of foul gases from the sewer or the septic tank. 4. To facilitate quick removal of foul matter, e.g. human excreta. 5. To collect and remove waste matters systematically. Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 14 7  10/13/2024 Sanitary system Types of Drainage pipes in building I. Pipe carries black water (vertical drain pipe that carries waste from sanitary units i.e. toilets) II. Pipe carries grey water (vertical drain pipe that carry wastewater that comes from showers, laundry water, bath water, (basin) water…etc). III. Vent- collect foul gases prevents sewer gasses from entering the home, ensure (circulation) fresh air gets into the drainage pipes so that water can move from the toilet, sink, or shower when in use. Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 15 Pipe materials Pipe Selection criteria 1. Material being transported 2. Quantity of liquid to be transported 3. Temperature of liquid passing through 4. Expected flow pressure 5. Ease of maintenance 6. Exposure to external loads 7. Valve and fitting sizes 8. Cost Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 16 8  10/13/2024 Water Pipe Waste Pipe Water Pipe Waste Pipe used to supply clean, potable water to various used to carry wastewater and sewage away from fixtures and appliances in a building fixtures and appliances to the sewer or septic system typically made of materials such as copper , or typically made of materials such as uPVC, which is PVC,HDPE,PPR, which are designed to withstand designed to withstand the corrosive nature of the pressure and flow of water wastewater. installed in a way that ensures proper water flow installed with slope and venting and pressure throughout the building. usually color-coded blue to distinguish them from usually color-coded black or white other types of pipes Design at full flow level Designed at partial full level Flow is usually pressurized system waste pipe Flow is usually under gravity Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 17 Plumbing appliances (fixtures) means receptacles, devices, or appliances which are supplied with water or which receive liquid- borne wastes for discharge into the drainage system. A fixture is a device for receiving water and waste matter that then directs the substances into a sanitary drainage system. Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 18 9  10/13/2024 SANITARY APPLIANCES DESIGN REQUIREMENT All sanitary appliances are made of non-absorbent, non- corroding, smooth and easily cleaned material and usually made from ceramic ware, vitreous enameled cast iron, vitreous enameled pressed steel, stainless steel or plastics (thermosetting and thermoplastic). Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 19 General Rules in designing the Sanitary system:  The pipes should take the shortest possible route to the house sewer  Control components such as clean-outs, traps, and vents, should be located strategically so as to ensure efficient circulation. CHANGES IN DIRECTION OF SANITARY P DRAINAGE LINES 1. Horizontal to Horizontal change in direction 2. Vertical to Horizontal change in direction 3. Horizontal to vertical change in direction Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 20 10  10/13/2024 MINIMUM SLOPE OF SANITARY DRAINAGE LINES Minimum slope or pitch of horizontal drainage pipe – 2% or 20mm/m (¼” per foot). Exception: Where it is impracticable due to depth of street sewer, adverse structural features and irregular building plans, pipes 102 mm dia or larger may have a slope of not less than 1% or 10mm/m (1/8” per foot), approved by the Administrative Authority Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 21 Trap :- is a device which is used to prevent sewer gases from entering the buildings. The trap shall be the same size as the trap arm to which it is connected REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD TRAP: 1. It should be capable of being easily cleaned. 2. It should be easily fixed with the drain. 3. It should be simple constructed. 4. It should possess self cleaned property. 5. The internal and external surfaces should be of smooth finish. Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 22 11  10/13/2024 DISPOSAL PHASE- The final stage of the plumbing process; where used water and water-carried wastes are brought to various disposal outlets. SEPTIC TANKS A watertight covered receptacle designed and constructed to receive the discharge of sewage from a building sewer Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 23 Storm Drainage Storm The storm water drainage system collects and carries rainwater within a building for disposal. 3 Major Systems of Collecting Storm Water: 1. The Independent System. ‘the Separate System’ Brings collected water directly to the water reservoirs 2. The Combined System Combines storm water with sanitary wastes 3. The Natural System Without using any roof gutters or downspouts. Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 24 12  10/13/2024 Roofing Elements to Collect Rainwater: The Gutter Usually: located along the entire perimeter of the roof. The Downspout: Located every 8 to 10 mete & at every corner of the roof (but, to avoid clogging of pipes, it is best to locate them every 4 to 6 m). The Shoe At the bottom of the roof leader to direct rain- water towards the nearest catch basin. Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 25 Roofing Elements to Collect Rainwater: The Strainer or Roof Drain :Drain designed to receive water collecting on the surface of a roof and to discharge it into a downspout. Designed to prevent clogging. Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 26 13  10/13/2024 Roofing Elements to Collect Rainwater: The Catch Basin Downspouts should terminate in a catch basin (can serve more than one downspout) Delivers water to the sewers in the street via gravity Area-Drain-Catch-Basin: also collects surface water Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 27 Roofing Elements to Collect Rainwater: The Storm Line Connects to each catch basin Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 28 14