Bioelementos – Elementos Biogenésicos – Elementos Biogénicos PDF

# Bioelementos – Elementos Biogenésicos – Elementos Biogénicos Bioelementos son los diferentes elementos químicos que necesita una especie para poder desarrollarse con normalidad. ## Bioelementos Primarios Predominan en los seres vivos y son: carbono (C), hidrógeno (H), oxígeno (O), nitrógeno (N),...

# Bioelementos – Elementos Biogenésicos – Elementos Biogénicos Bioelementos son los diferentes elementos químicos que necesita una especie para poder desarrollarse con normalidad. ## Bioelementos Primarios Predominan en los seres vivos y son: carbono (C), hidrógeno (H), oxígeno (O), nitrógeno (N), fósforo (P) y azufre (S). These elements are known as CHONPS, since they are necessary to form the molecules that make up living matter and constitute approximately 95% of it. ## Bioelementos Secundarios Necessary for maintaining osmotic balance and carrying out metabolism. Therefore, they are indispensable for life. They make up about 4.5% and include Calcium (Ca), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Chlorine (Cl), Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe) and Iodine (I). ## Oligoelementos – Micronutrientes Found in minimal quantities in the organism, approximately 0.5%, these elements are not found in all living beings, but each one plays an important role. - **Fluorine (F):** Hardens tooth enamel, strengthening it and making it more resistant to cavities. It also inhibits the accumulation of bacteria in the oral cavity, preventing tooth decay. - **Copper (Cu):** Stimulates the immune system. - **Zinc (Zn):** Regulates the proper functioning of protein and lipid metabolism. It participates in the formation of insulin and is vitally important for the immune system and cell membrane stabilization. - **Cobalt (Co):** Is closely related to testosterone production and the enzymatic system. It is also part of the structure of Vitamin B12. # Biomolecules Bioelements form multiple and complex combinations that give rise to biomolecules, which are the constituent molecules of living beings. More complex organisms are made up of a greater number of elements than simple ones, such as bacteria. There are two types of biomolecules: organic and inorganic. ## Organic Molecules The fundamental components of living matter, they are mainly formed by Carbon (C) bound to hydrogen and other elements (oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus or sulfur). They allow for the creation of a wide variety of compounds. They have very diverse functions in living beings, such as structural, energetic, control functions in metabolic reactions, etc. Examples include: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and vitamins. ## Inorganic Molecules All substances that lack carbon atoms in their chemical composition. There are three of great relevance for life: water, mineral salts and gases (oxygen). The Image shows a table with the following information: - **C = Carbon:** Involved in Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic acids, and Almidon (Starch). - **H = Hydrogen:** Associated with Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic acids. - **O = Oxygen:** Associated with Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic acids, and Glucoproteins, Lipoproteins, and Fosfoproteínas. - **N = Nitrogen:** Associated with Proteins, Nucleic acids, Nucleoproteínas. - **P = Phosphorus:** Involved in Nucleic acids, Fosfolipidos, Fosfoproteínas. - **S = Sulfur:** Associated with Proteins, Lipoproteínas. The diagram shows the different bioelements combining together to form organic molecules, which in turn form the cell. The organic molecules are organized within organelles, which are contained within the cell.