Earth Science PDF

earth science Created @August 12, 2024 8:10 AM topic Constellations (Stars) A group of stars in the sky the form a pattern and name Asterism Pattern of stars within the constellation...

earth science Created @August 12, 2024 8:10 AM topic Constellations (Stars) A group of stars in the sky the form a pattern and name Asterism Pattern of stars within the constellation Ex: Big Dipper from the constellation → Ursa Major (Supot ni Judas back then here in the Philippines) Light-Years: Unit of Measurement used to find distance of two stars. Very long measures of years, something the human race may not be able to live and witness. Astronomy Science of the universe Deals with the study of celestial bodies, universe as a whole Utilizes modern scientific equipment like telescope spectroscope among others Astrology Types Horoscopes: Divine Entities: Worshipping figures Foretelling the future: Predictions through the formation and patterns in the sky Pseudoscience: a set of ideas that presents itself as science, while it does not meet the criteria to be properly called such. Distinguishing between proper science and pseudoscience is sometimes difficult. The Zodiac One set of constellations visible along Earth’s elliptical orbit belongs to the zodiac. These constellations are the foundation for zodiac signs and astrology. earth science 1  The months that correspond to each zodiac are based on the sun’s position relative to the zodiac constellations. For instance, the Sun faces the constellation Aries in april So people born in (most of) April are of the Aries astrological sign Earth’s Rotation The Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours which is why our day/night cycle is 24 hours long. Earth’s rotation impacts how we view constellations. Sun, moon, and stars: Rise through east and Sets at west Diurnal Motion As the Earth rotates, your position on Earth changes relative to the stars. The phenomenon known as diurnal motion makes it appear as though the constellations move across the sky throughout the night. Just like the Sun moves from East to West. Earth’s Orbit Just as the Moon orbits the Earth, the Earth orbits the Sun. It takes the Earth around 365 days to orbit the Sun, which is why our calendar year is 365 days long Earth’s orbit also affects our view on constellations Annual Motion Throughout the year, constellations gradually shift West due to Earth’s revolution around the Sun. This is called annual motion Since the Earth faces a different directions in each season only some constellations are visible to our view. Practical Uses of Astronomy: earth science 2  1. Knowing their location 2. Agricultural Purposes, finding out when it’s best Local Pollutants: Present ever since CLASS REFERENCES https://www.earthquakecountry.org/library/ShakeOut_Earthquake_Tips_Disabilities_AFN.pdf https://www.csusm.edu/em/procedures/standard.html https://governmentph.com/what-to-do-before-during-and-after-an-earthquake-phivolcs/ Here's a 25-item quiz based on the information provided about earth science: Multiple Choice: 1. What is a constellation? a) A single bright star b) A group of stars that form a pattern and have a name c) A planet in our solar system d) A type of galaxy 2. What is an asterism? a) A type of asteroid b) A pattern of stars within a constellation c) A measurement of light-years d) A zodiac sign 3. Which of the following is an example of an asterism? a) Ursa Major b) The Big Dipper c) Orion d) Taurus 4. What unit of measurement is used to find the distance between two stars? a) Kilometers b) Miles earth science 3  c) Light-years d) Parsecs 5. What is astrology? a) The scientific study of the universe b) The study of star patterns c) The pseudoscience of predicting the future based on celestial patterns d) The study of planets True or False: 1. Constellations are visible along Earth's elliptical orbit and form the foundation for zodiac signs. (True/False) 2. The Earth rotates on its axis once every 12 hours. (True/False) 3. Diurnal motion makes it appear as though constellations move across the sky throughout the night. (True/False) 4. It takes the Earth exactly 365 days to orbit the Sun. (True/False) 5. Annual motion causes constellations to gradually shift East throughout the year. (True/False) Fill in the blanks: 1. The phenomenon that makes celestial objects appear to rise in the east and set in the west is called annual motion. 2. A group of stars that forms a recognizable pattern in the night sky is called a constellation. 3. The zodiacs is the set of constellations visible along Earth's elliptical orbit. 4. Light Years is the unit of measurement used to find the distance between stars. 5. The Earth's rotation impacts how we view constellations in the night sky. Short Answer: 1. Explain the difference between astronomy and astrology. Astronomy aims to scientifically prove the existence of constellations through the use of science and scientific instruements Astrology is typically known as a pseudoscience which claims to sort of follow science however, does not. It aims to understand the universe and make claims for the future. 1. What is the Zodiac, and how does it relate to constellations? earth science 4  Zodiacs are basically constellations, so it’s sort of like a subgroup of constellations. Zodiacs portray different kinds of patterns with stars and are visible in the northern and southern hemisphere. 1. Describe how Earth's rotation affects our view of constellations. Earth typically rotates on its axis every 24 hours, and as that happens, our position on Earth also imitates the position of the stars. This causes us to portray stars as though it is moving. The phenomenon behind this is known as the diurnal motion. 1. What is the difference between diurnal motion and annual motion? Diurnal Motion is basically the phenomenon which describes that our position on Earth as it rotates is relative to the position of some stars. On the other hand, annual motion explains that the position of constellations gradually shift west as the earth orbits the sun. This causes us to only see some constellations. 1. Name two practical uses of astronomy in ancient times. Astronomy was used in ships and boats to locate where they are, while in agriculture, astronomy allowed farmers to know when it is best to cultivate kinds of plants. Matching: Match the term with its correct definition: 1. A. Constellation B. Asterism C. Light-year D. Diurnal motion E. Annual motion 1. B. Pattern of stars within a larger star group 2. D. Apparent daily movement of celestial objects 3. C. Unit of measurement for stellar distances 4. E. Gradual shift of constellations due to Earth's orbit 5. A. Named group of stars forming a pattern Answer Key for the 20 Questions: Multiple Choice: 1. a. b) A group of stars that form a pattern and have a name 2. b. b) A pattern of stars within a constellation 3. c. b) The Big Dipper earth science 5  4. d. c) Light-years 5. e. c) The pseudoscience of predicting the future based on celestial patterns True or False: 1. f. True 2. g. False (It rotates once every 24 hours) 3. h. True 4. i. False (It takes approximately 365.25 days) 5. j. False (They shift West, not East) Fill in the blanks: 1. k. Diurnal 2. l. Constellation 3. m. Zodiac 4. n. Light-year 5. o. Constellations Short Answer: 1. earth science 6  p. Astronomy is the scientific study of celestial bodies and the universe, while astrology is the pseudoscience of predicting the future based on celestial patterns. 2. q. The Zodiac is a set of constellations visible along Earth's elliptical orbit. It forms the foundation for zodiac signs in astrology. 3. r. Earth's rotation makes constellations appear to move across the sky throughout the night, rising in the east and setting in the west. 4. s. Diurnal motion is the daily apparent movement of celestial objects due to Earth's rotation, while annual motion is the gradual shift of constellations throughout the year due to Earth's orbit around the Sun. 5. t. Two practical uses of astronomy in ancient times were navigation and determining agricultural seasons. Matching: 1. B. Asterism 2. D. Diurnal motion 3. C. Light-year 4. E. Annual motion 5. A. Constellation Geology: Science of the Earth Blue Planet: Bodies of Water 70% Made of Water 30% Made of Land Oblique Spheroid Earth is subjected to multiple forces Inside earth science 7  Outside Earth Age: 4.5 billion years Parts of Earth 1. Hydrosphere: Water 2. Lithosphere: Soil Ground 3. Biosphere: Living Things 4. Atmosphere: Gasses, Oxygen How does it sustain life Provides resources for us to survive Lithosphere 1. Crust Outer Core Made up of rock Composed of oceans and continental crust 2. Mantle 2000-4000 degrees Divided into upper or lower mantle 3. Outer Core Composed of iron and nickel Liquid 4. Inner Core Iron does not melt because of gravity Solid Continental Drift Theory earth science 8  Alfred Wegener (Engineer and Geologist) Alfred coined the term PANGEA Continentals were once just one. Present 200 million years ago The theory talks about the division of Pangea, making the continentals we have now Drift apart continents Decrease or increase of continents may occur Quiz Bee - Earth Science 1. What is the name given to the group of stars forming a recognizable pattern in the night sky? 2. What unit of measurement is used to find the distance between stars? 3. Who proposed the Continental Drift Theory? 4. What is the term for a pattern of stars within a constellation? 5. Which layer of the Earth is composed of liquid iron and nickel? 6. What phenomenon causes constellations to appear to move across the sky throughout the night? 7. What is the estimated age of the Earth? 8. What is the difference between diurnal motion and annual motion? 9. What is the scientific study of the universe and celestial bodies called? 10. What is the theory that explains the division of Pangea and the formation of current continents? 11. What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered by water? 12. What are the four main parts of the Earth? 13. What is the temperature range of the Earth's mantle? 14. What is the term used to describe the Earth's rotation effect on the appearance of stars? 15. What are the two practical uses of astronomy in ancient times? Answer Key: 1. A group of stars forming a recognizable pattern is called a constellation. 2. Light-years are used to measure the distance between stars. earth science 9  3. Alfred Wegener proposed the Continental Drift Theory. 4. An asterism is a pattern of stars within a constellation. 5. The Earth's outer core is composed of liquid iron and nickel. 6. Diurnal motion causes constellations to appear to move across the sky throughout the night. 7. The Earth is estimated to be 4.5 billion years old. 8. Diurnal motion is the apparent daily movement of celestial objects due to Earth's rotation, while annual motion is the gradual shift of constellations throughout the year due to Earth's orbit around the Sun. 9. The scientific study of the universe and celestial bodies is called astronomy. 10. The Continental Drift Theory explains the division of Pangea and the formation of current continents. 11. 70% of the Earth's surface is covered by water. 12. The four main parts of the Earth are the hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere. 13. The Earth's mantle has a temperature range of 2000-4000 degrees. 14. Diurnal motion describes the Earth's rotation effect on the appearance of stars. 15. Two practical uses of astronomy in ancient times were navigation and determining agricultural seasons. earth science 10