CBSE Class 8 History Revision Notes PDF

# CBSE Class 8 Chapter - 01 History ## How, When and Where ### Revision Notes ### How important are dates: "History is certainly about changes that occur over time." - History is synonymous with dates. - We compare the past with present. - We continue to associate history with a string of dates. -...

# CBSE Class 8 Chapter - 01 History ## How, When and Where ### Revision Notes ### How important are dates: "History is certainly about changes that occur over time." - History is synonymous with dates. - We compare the past with present. - We continue to associate history with a string of dates. - We study dates to find out the sequence of events and significance of events. ### Which Dates: - Selection of date depends on the story is important. - Focusing on a particular set of events is important. - Studying the dates reasons and consequences of events are understood in better way. ### How do we Periodise: - James Mill divided the Indian history into three periods: Hindu, Muslim and British. - According to Mill, Only British rules, culture and laws could make Indians civilised. - There are significant sources to study the periods of events and by studying different historical evidences a string of time periods can be formed. ### What is colonial: - When the subjugation of one country by another country leads to change in social, culture, economic and political sphere, it leads to colonisation. - British rule brought about changes in values and tastes, customs and practices. ### How do we know Administration: - One important source is the official records of the British administration. - The British felt all important documents and letters needed to be preserved. - Specialized institutions like archives and museums were established to preserve important records. - Administrative source only represents half of the picture as they all were written and maintained by British officials. - Several other sources studied together give a better picture of administration. ### Sources of Information: - Official records, letters, memos, surveys, newspapers, magazines, autobiographies, reports, experiences of travellers, novels and poems are some important sources of information of British rule and atrocities. - The practice of surveying became common under colonial administration. - Surveys like botanical, zoological, archaeological, anthropological and forest surveys were in the list of British administration. - Sources kept and written by both Indians and British studied together represents several aspects of British rule and their efforts to modernise or subjugate Indian population. ### What do Official Records not Tell: - The official records do not tell about the needs of people of India. - Many official records hide the truth and only show one aspect of the event. - The official records do not represent the fall outs of British administration and also do not represent the reactions and situation of Indians of every sphere of society.