Boxing & Taekwondo (Philippines 2022-2023) PDF

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES University of Southeastern Philippines College of Education Bachelor of Physical Education Off Semester 2022-2023 In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement in PEd...

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES University of Southeastern Philippines College of Education Bachelor of Physical Education Off Semester 2022-2023 In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement in PEd 231 Individual and Dual Sports (Racket Sport, Athletics, Martial Arts) TOPIC: Combative Sports (Boxing and Taekwondo) Submitted by: BULAY, Villem Vanz B. SAWAN, Alexa Mae L. SERONDO, Shandyl Dave F. SINGSON, Klent Andrey T. SOLLORANO, Harbie P. TANGARA, Gavin Facci C. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to; Define Taekwondo and Boxing, describing their historical origins and key principles. Execute fundamental Boxing and Taekwondo techniques, such as stances, jabs, hooks, and defensive moves. Develop an understanding of the mental benefits of practicing Taekwondo and Boxing, including improved focus, self-confidence, and stress management. COMBATIVE SPORTS ( BOXING AND TAEKWONDO) Boxing is a sport in which the fists are used to attack and defend. It dates back to ancient civilizations and is one among the world's oldest martial techniques. Boxers compete in fights of up to 12 three-minute rounds in a roped-off square known as the ring, wearing padded gloves, a groin guard, a mouth guard, and boxing shorts. However, this outfit has nothing to do with the sport's history. Amateur boxing is usually a more protective type of boxing.For protection purposes, boxers wear headgear during amateur boxing bouts. About usually consists of three rounds of three minutes with points awarded based on the number of clean punches landed rather than the intensity of the blow. Professional boxing is a much longer affair than amateur boxing with fights ranging from ten to twelve rounds. A technical knockout win is awarded if the opponent is unable to continue the fight. No headgear is used in this type as the boxers are allowed to take much physical damage. Origins and Ancient History: Sumerian Beginnings: Earliest evidence dates back to Sumerian artifacts in the 3rd millennium BCE, depicting fist fighting. Ancient Greece: Adopted boxing as a sport, introduced it in the 23rd Olympiad in 688 B.C. Initially, fighters used leather thongs for hand protection. No Rounds, No Weight Classes: Matches continued until one fighter conceded or couldn't continue. No rounds or weight divisions existed. Development in England: Bare-Knuckle Boxing: Emerged in early 16th century England, dubbed "prizefighting" as fighters competed for prizes or money.  Jack Broughton's Rules (1743): Established rules for safety, like the 30-second count for knockdowns, laying foundations for modern rules. Marquess of Queensberry Rules (1867): John Chambers' Contribution: Formalized modern boxing rules under patronage of the Marquess of Queensberry. Key Elements: Fair play, standing fights, three-minute rounds, and gloves introduced for safety, shaping modern boxing. Popularity and Modern Era: 19th Century Rise: Boxing gained immense popularity, producing iconic figures like Muhammad Ali, Rocky Marciano, and Roberto Duran. Pop Culture Impact: Films like Rocky series and Million Dollar Baby, and modern stars like Floyd Mayweather Jr. and Manny Pacquiao, boost popularity. Financial Impact: Record-breaking matches like Mayweather vs Pacquiao (2015) highlight boxing's economic scale, with fighters earning millions. EQUIPMENT AND FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS FOR BOXING EQUIPMENT To protect the athletes involved and to enhance their ability to compete, boxing implies specialized equipment. It's important to remember that specific competitions or training requirements may necessitate the use of additional protective gear and equipment, and regulations may differ depending on the boxing organization or event. Here are some of the crucial tools used in boxing: l Boxing Gloves- Used to protect the hands and wrists while delivering punches and to reduce the impact on opponents. l Hand Wraps- Wrapped around the hands and wrists to provide additional support and protection for the bones and tendons during training and fights. l Mouthguard- It is worn to protect the teeth, gums, and jaw from injury during sparring and competition. l Headgear- Used primarily in amateur boxing and sparring to protect against head injuries, cuts, and bruises.  l Boxing Shoes- Designed to provide traction, support, and agility in the ring, allowing quick foot movements and pivots. l Groin Protector- Worn to protect the groin area from low blows and accidental strikes. l Punching Bag- Used for practicing punches, combinations, and improving power and technique. Common types include heavy bags, speed bags, and double-end bags. l Speed Bag- Used to improve hand speed, timing, and rhythm. Boxers strike the bag in rapid succession to develop coordination and reflexes. l Double-End Bag- Used to practice accuracy, timing, and reflexes. The bag moves unpredictably when struck, mimicking the movements of an opponent. l Focus Mitts- Used to practice punch accuracy, combinations, and defensive maneuvers. The trainer holds the mitts and provides feedback on technique and timing. l Jump Rope- Used for improving cardiovascular fitness, footwork, coordination, and agility. Jump rope routines are a staple of boxing conditioning. l Boxing Ring- The designated area where boxing matches and sparring sessions take place. Rings vary in size, typically ranging from 16 to 24 feet on each side l Training pads- Used for practicing punches and combinations. The trainer holds the pads in different positions to simulate various attack angles and movements. l Resistance Bands- Used to enhance strength and conditioning workouts, improve punch resistance, and increase muscle endurance. l Water Bottle- Boxers use water bottles to stay hydrated and towels to wipe sweat between rounds and training sessions. FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS OF BOXING: There are several essential skills that you need to develop whenever you want to achieve peak performance in boxing. Here are some of the key skills in boxing: 1. Stance: The foundational position that ensures balance, mobility, and power. A good stance keeps the body protected and ready to deliver or evade punches. 2. Footwork: Critical for maintaining balance, positioning, and creating angles Good footwork allows boxers to move swiftly around the ring, avoid punches, and set up offensive moves. 3. Punching Techniques Jab: A quick, straight punch from the lead hand used to set up other punches and keep the opponent at bay. Cross: A powerful straight punch from the rear hand that can be very effective when set up by the jab. Hook: A semi-circular punch thrown with the lead hand to the side of the opponent's head or body. Uppercut: A vertical, rising punch aimed at the opponent's chin, often used in close-range combat. 4. Defense Blocking: Using the gloves and arms to absorb and deflect punches. Parrying: Redirecting an incoming punch with a quick, small motion of the hands. Slipping: Moving the head to the side to avoid a punch. Rolling: Rotating the shoulders to let a punch glide off. Footwork: Stepping back or pivoting to evade attacks. TAEKWONDO History of Taekwondo Taekwondo (“The Way of the Feet and Hands”) is a Korean martial art developed between 1945-1955, known by this name after 1959. It’s based on Shotokan Karate, with influences from ancient Korean martial arts like Taekyon and Subak. Post-WWII, Korea experienced a cultural revival, leading to the resurgence of martial arts, initially similar to Japanese arts. Nine original kwans emerged, forming the foundation of modern Taekwondo: o Chung Do Kwan (1945) by Lee Won Kuk o Moo Duk Kwan (1945) by Hwang Kee o Ji Do Kwan (1946) by Chun Sang Sup o Chang Moo Kwan (1946) by Yoon Byung In o Song Moo Kwan (1946) by Ro Byung Jik o Oh Do Kwan (1953) by General Choi Hong Hi  o Kang Duk Won (1953) by Hong Jong Pyo and Park Chul Hee o Jung Do Kwan (1954) by Lee Yong Woo o Han Moo Kwan (1954) by Lee Kyo Yoon Founders were trained in Japanese Karate but claimed to teach a Korean martial art. Rivalries among kwans delayed the creation of a central governing body for Taekwondo. Choi Hong Hi, a Karate black belt, taught martial arts to Koreans and Americans in the late 1940s. In 1953, he became the honorary head of Chung Do Kwan and formed Oh Do Kwan for the Korean Army’s physical training. Choi created unique patterns for Oh Do Kwan and proposed the name “Taekwondo” in 1955, which gradually gained popularity. The South Korean government pushed for martial arts unification, leading to the formation of the Korea Taekwondo Association (KTA) in 1959 with Choi as President. Briefly, KTA changed its name to “Taesudo” and removed Choi, but reinstated him in 1965 and reverted to “Taekwondo.” Despite unification under one name, kwans practiced their own Karate versions, prompting the need for a unique Korean martial art style. Second-generation instructors developed a new competition format with hard contact and body protectors, excluding hand strikes to the head. This new format faced resistance from first-generation instructors but was eventually adopted by all Taekwondo kwans after government support shifted away from Choi’s style due to its North Korean associations. EQUIPMENT AND FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS FOR TAEKWONDO EQUIPMENT: Uniform - Taekwondo uniform is usually called a 'dobok' deriving from the Korean words do (way) and bok (clothing). Sparring Gear - Chest pad (Hogoo, in Korean) Headgear (Muh ree bohodae) Mouth guards (Eep bohodae) Groin pads and cup (nang shim bohodae) Shin guards (jung kang yi bohodae) Forearm guards (Pahlmahk bohodae) Gloves or hand wraps (Sahn boho jang kap) Gear Bag Mat - No one wants to slip and fall on a hard floor. FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS: Basic Stances Attention Stance (Charyot Sogi) Ready Stance (Joonbi Sogi) Front Stance (Ap Kubi) Back Stance (Dwi Kubi) Basic Blocks Low Block (Arae Makgi) Middle Block (Momtong Makgi) High Block (Olgul Makgi) Basic Punches Straight Punch (Jireugi) Double Punch Basic Kicks Front Kick (Ap Chagi) Roundhouse Kick (Dollyo Chagi) Side Kick (Yop Chagi) RULES AND REGULATION AND OFFICIALS AND THEIR DUTIES FOR TAEKWONDO Rules and Regulations The rules of taekwondo as outlined by World Taekwondo require a standing bow to the referee, followed by a bow to the opponent, before matches. All matches last over three rounds of two minutes each, with a one-minute break between rounds. Taekwondo aptly means ‘the way of the foot and fist’, to correspond with the blows and kicks that score points. The objective of each competitor is to score points by landing blows and kicks on their opponent’s torso or head or to win by knockout. Blows must be delivered through a straight punching technique using the knuckle part of a tightly clenched fist. The kicks that count is those delivered using any part of the foot below the ankle bone. Scoring Scoring of a valid point or points is determined primarily using the electronic scoring system installed in the head or trunk protectors, known as the Protector and Scoring Systems (PSS). Points awarded for punching techniques and additional points awarded for turning kicks are scored by judges using manual scoring devices. The valid points are: 1 point for a valid punch to the trunk protector 2 Points for a valid kick to the trunk protector 4 points for a valid turning kick to the trunk protector 3 points for a valid kick to the head 5 points for a valid turning kick to the head 1 point awarded for every penalty (known as gam-jeom) given against the opponent Penalties and Prohibited Acts The only penalty in taekwondo is a gam-jeom. A gam-jeom is declared when an athlete punches to the face, or punches or kicks below the waist. Also not allowed is attacking an opponent with the knee or the head. Athletes are penalized if they use their leg to block or kick their opponent's leg to prevent a kicking attack, have their leg in the air for more than three seconds to impede an opponent’s potential attacking movements, or if a kick is adjudged to have been aiming for below the waist. Taekwondoin lose points for crossing the boundary line with both feet, falling to the ground, avoiding or delaying the match, and for pushing or grabbing their opponents. Contestants also have to watch out how they deliver their kicks to the trunk PSS, as one can lose a point for attacking with the side or bottom of the foot while the knee is pointed out in clinch position. Attacking a fallen opponent is also prohibited. Any misconduct or unsportsmanlike behavior of the contestant or their coach can cost a point. Key decisions Golden Point Round [GDP] - For drawn matches, the contestants go for a golden point round. This is sudden death as the first to score wins. An athlete can be awarded the match if their opponent picks up two penalties in the golden round. If a  match goes to golden point, all scores awarded during the first three rounds are not considered. Win by superiority [SUP] - If neither of the contestants has scored two points after the golden round, the winner shall be decided by superiority based on the contestant who received a point by a punch in the golden round, or the contestant who got a higher number of hits registered by the PSS during the golden round or the one who won more rounds in first three rounds. If the athletes were tied on points the one who received fewer penalties during all four rounds wins the match, and if they were tied on penalties the referee and judges shall determine superiority based on the content of the golden round. Point Gap [PTG] - A win by point gap is when there is a 20- points difference between two athletes at the end of the second round and/or at any time during the final round. Referee Stops Contest [RSC] - The referee can stop the match if the contestant has been knocked down by an opponent’s legitimate technique and cannot continue the match, or to protect a contestant’s safety. Win by final score [PTF] - The match is won by a contestant on points after three rounds. Win by withdrawal [WDR] - This is when the winner is determined by the withdrawal of the opponent due to injury or other reasons, or when the coach throws in a towel into the Field of Play. Win by disqualification [DSQ] - A contestant’s failure during weigh-in or failure to report to the Athlete Calling Desk following the third call can lead to disqualification. Win by referee’s punitive declaration [PUN] - The referee declares PUN if an athlete accumulates ten penalties [gam- jeom]. Win by disqualification for unsportsmanlike behavior [DQB] - The contestant can be disqualified by DQB for manipulating the sensor(s) or scoring system of the PSS, cheating during weigh-in or violating the Anti-Doping rules. A DQB can also be ruled if the contestant or his coach commits serious infringing behavior. Officials - All competitions are to be supervised by the following WT-certified officials: one referee, four judges, at least one juror, a timekeeper, a weigher, and a recorder. Referee Duties 1. To oversee and control the competition. 2. To inspect all competitors before matches. 3. To provide competition rules, declare the beginning and end of matches, and to give warnings and instructions to competitors. 4. To announce deducted points, announce disqualifications, signal invalid scores, and control all activity in the ring. 5. To oversee the safety of the competitors. 6. To signal stops of the time clock. 7. To collect and submit judges’ scorecards at the conclusion of each match. 8. To provide opinions to juror requests about judges’ decisions. 9. To stop a match (during junior competitions) to consult judges regarding considerations of mismatch and technical knockouts. Such decisions require unanimous agreement by all judges, along with jury verification. Judge Duties 1. To be positioned at each corner of the competition ring and assist the referee as necessary. 2. To advise the referee of invalid violation calls. 3. To note all warnings, points, rule infractions, and disqualifications on the scorecard. 4. To total scores and indicate match winners on the scorecard. 5. To give completed scorecards to the referee following the end of each match. Juror Duties 1. To consult with judges and the referee whenever necessary. 2. To review scorecards for consistency, accuracy, and signatures of judges, and to bring questions regarding any of the aforementioned to the attention of the judges and/or referee. 3. To determine the winner of a match based on the scorecards of the judges and referee. 4. To request the replacement of judges or referees when the performance of these individuals is in question. 5. To sign and submit judges’ and referees’ scorecards to the tournament committee in the event of a protest for the rendering of a final decision. Timekeeper Duties - To start and stop the official clock and the referee’s instructions and to announce the end of official time periods. Recorder Duties - To keep the official records of the results of each contest. Weigher Duties - To determine the weight of each competitor in the presence of a designated, certified referee. QUIZ Multiple Choice Questions: 1. What is the main purpose of wearing headgear in amateur boxing? A. To look stylish B. For protection against injuries C. To identify the boxer D. To weigh the boxer down 2. How many rounds are typically in an amateur boxing bout? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 3. What determines the winner in amateur boxing? A. The intensity of the blows B. The number of clean punches landed C. The number of knockouts D. The number of punches thrown 4. How long does each round last in amateur boxing? A. 2 minutes B. 3 minutes C. 4 minutes D. 5 minutes 5. How many rounds can a professional boxing match last? A. 5-7 B. 6-8 C. 8-10 D. 10-12 6. What is a technical knockout in professional boxing? A. When a boxer wins by points B. When a boxer wins by unanimous decision C. When the opponent is unable to continue the fight D. When the fight ends in a draw 7. What protective gear is not used in professional boxing? A. Gloves B. Mouthguard  C. Headgear D. Groin protector 8. Where did boxing originate? A. Rome B. Greece C. Egypt D. Sumeria 9. Which civilization introduced boxing in the 23rd Olympiad? A. Roman B. Egyptian C. Greek D. Sumerian 10. What is the Marquess of Queensberry Rules known for? A. Eliminating weight classes B. Formalizing modern boxing rules C. Introducing headgear D. Introducing leather thongs for hand protection 11. Which equipment is used to protect the hands and wrists while delivering punches? A. Hand Wraps B. Boxing Shoes C. Mouthguard D. Groin Protector 12. What is the primary use of a punching bag? A. To practice defense techniques B. To improve cardiovascular fitness C. To practice punches, combinations, and improve power and technique D. To protect against head injuries 13. Which punch is described as a vertical, rising punch aimed at the opponent's chin? A. Jab B. Cross C. Hook D. Uppercut 14. Which technique involves moving the head to the side to avoid a punch? A. Blocking B. Parrying C. Slipping D. Rolling 15. What is the designated area where boxing matches and sparring sessions take place? A. Gym B. Dojo C. Ring D. Court Taekwondo 16. What does 'Taekwondo' mean? A. The Way of the Sword B. The Way of the Feet and Hands C. The Way of the Warrior D. The Way of the Spirit 17. Which martial art influenced the development of Taekwondo A. Judo B. Karate C. Kung Fu D. Muay Thai 18. When was Taekwondo developed? A. 1930-1940 B. 1945-1955 C. 1960-1970 D. 1980-1990 19. What is a 'dobok'? A. A type of punch B. A uniform C. A sparring technique D. A kick 20. What is the term for the chest pad used in Taekwondo? A. Dobok B. Hogoo  C. Muh ree bohodae D. Eep bohodae 21. What does the 'Golden Point Round' in Taekwondo signify? A. Regular scoring continues B. First to score wins C. No points awarded D. Double points for all techniques 22. What does the term 'gam-jeom' refer to in Taekwondo? A. A valid kick B. A valid punch C. A penalty D. A knockout 23. Which piece of equipment is used to protect against head injuries in Taekwondo? A. Gloves B. Chest pad C. Headgear D. Shin guards 24. What is the purpose of the 'speed bag' in boxing training? A. To practice kicks B. To improve hand speed, timing, and rhythm C. To enhance cardiovascular fitness D. To protect against injuries 25. Which basic kick in Taekwondo is executed by lifting the knee and extending the leg straight forward? A. Roundhouse Kick B. Side Kick C. Front Kick D. Back Kick 26. What is the role of the referee in Taekwondo competitions? A. To score points B. To manage the clock C. To oversee and control the competition D. To train the competitors 27. Which body part is primarily targeted by the 'uppercut' in boxing? A. Head B. Chin C. Stomach D. Arm 28. What year did the Marquess of Queensberry rules formalize modern boxing rules? A. 1743 B. 1867 C. 1901 D. 1923 29. Who proposed the name 'Taekwondo' in 1955? A. Lee Won Kuk  B. Hwang Kee C. General Choi Hong Hi D. Ro Byung Jik 30. Which piece of equipment is essential for cardiovascular fitness in boxing training? A. Speed Bag B. Jump Rope C. Focus Mitts D. Double-End Bag 31. What is the main objective in a Taekwondo match? A. To outlast the opponent B. To land blows and kicks on the opponent's torso or head C. To perform the most complex moves D. To win by decision 32. Which ancient civilization's artifacts show the earliest evidence of boxing? A. Egyptian B. Greek C. Roman D. Sumerian 33. Which type of boxing match is typically shorter in duration? A. Professional boxing B. Amateur boxing C. Both are the same D. Depends on the fighters 34. What is 'slipping' in boxing? A. Moving the head to avoid a punch B. Blocking a punch with the gloves C. Punching the opponent’s body D. Moving around the ring 35. Which equipment helps improve punch accuracy and combinations in boxing? A. Jump Rope B. Focus Mitts C. Double-End Bag D. Speed Bag 36. Which fundamental skill involves the foundational position ensuring balance, mobility, and power in boxing? A. Punching B. Footwork C. Stance D. Defense 37. What is a 'jab' in boxing? A. A powerful straight punch B. A semi-circular punch C. A quick, straight punch from the lead hand D. A vertical, rising punch 38. What are 'hand wraps' used for in boxing?  A. To provide additional support and protection for the hands and wrists B. To protect the teeth C. To enhance grip on the gloves D. To identify the boxer 39. Which of the following is not a valid point in Taekwondo? A. 1 point for a valid punch to the trunk protector B. 2 points for a valid kick to the trunk protector C. 3 points for a valid punch to the head D. 4 points for a valid turning kick to the trunk protector 40. Which piece of equipment in Taekwondo is designed to protect the shins? A. Gloves B. Chest pad C. Shin guards D. Headgear 41. Which of the following describes a 'cross' in boxing? A. A powerful, straight punch delivered with the rear hand B. A quick, straight punch from the lead hand C. A semi-circular punch D. A vertical, rising punch 42. What year was the Marquess of Queensberry rules published? A. 1743 B. 1867 C. 1901  D. 1923 43. What is a 'hook' in boxing? A. A powerful, straight punch delivered with the rear hand B. A quick, straight punch from the lead hand C. A semi-circular punch aimed at the side of the opponent’s head or body D. A vertical, rising punch 44. Which piece of equipment is essential for improving hand-eye coordination in boxing? A. Jump Rope B. Speed Bag C. Focus Mitts D. Double-End Bag 45. In Taekwondo, what is a 'roundhouse kick'? A. A straight kick aimed at the opponent's midsection B. A kick executed by pivoting on the supporting foot and striking with the front of the foot C. A vertical, rising kick aimed at the opponent's chin D. A spinning kick aimed at the opponent's head 46. What is the primary goal in a boxing match? A. To outlast the opponent B. To land as many punches as possible C. To knock out the opponent or win by points D. To perform the most complex moves 47. Which piece of equipment in boxing is designed to enhance cardiovascular fitness? A. Speed Bag B. Jump Rope C. Focus Mitts D. Double-End Bag 48. What is a 'dobok' in Taekwondo? A. A type of punch B. A uniform C. A sparring technique D. A kick 49. Which ancient civilization first practiced boxing according to artifacts? A. Egyptian B. Greek C. Roman D. Sumerian 50. What does the term 'Hogoo' refer to in Taekwondo? A. Headgear B. Chest pad C. Shin guards D. Gloves 51. In boxing, what is 'parrying'? A. Blocking a punch with the gloves B. Moving the head to avoid a punch  C. Deflecting a punch with a pushing motion D. Moving around the ring 52. What is the purpose of a 'focus mitt' in boxing training? A. To protect the head B. To practice punches and combinations with a partner C. To improve cardiovascular fitness D. To protect the hands 53. Which equipment is used for safety in Taekwondo? A. Focus Mitts B. Hogoo C. Punching Bag D. Speed Bag 54. What is the main objective in amateur boxing? A. To knock out the opponent B. To land as many punches as possible C. To win by unanimous decision D. To accumulate the highest number of clean punches 55. Which technique in Taekwondo involves a high, spinning kick to the opponent's head? A. Front Kick B. Roundhouse Kick C. Side Kick D. Back Kick 56. What is the 'Golden Point Round' in Taekwondo? A. Regular scoring continues B. First to score wins C. No points awarded D. Double points for all techniques 57. Which of the following describes a 'jab' in boxing? A. A powerful straight punch delivered with the rear hand B. A quick, straight punch from the lead hand C. A semi-circular punch D. A vertical, rising punch 58. What is the role of the referee in a boxing match? A. To score points B. To manage the clock C. To oversee and control the competition D. To train the competitors 59. In Taekwondo, what is a 'back kick'? A. A straight kick aimed at the opponent's midsection B. A kick executed by pivoting on the supporting foot and striking with the front of the foot C. A vertical, rising kick aimed at the opponent's chin D. A spinning kick aimed at the opponent's head 60. What is the primary goal in professional boxing? A. To outlast the opponent B. To land as many punches as possible C. To knock out the opponent or win by points D. To perform the most complex moves