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This document discusses the promotion of mobility in older adults. It covers topics such as the effects of impaired mobility on function and quality of life, age-related changes in bones, joints, and muscles, risk factors for immobility, the benefits of exercise and suitable exercise programs, factors increasing the risk of falls. The document also provides strategies for older adults at risk of falling.
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ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ www.onlinedoctranslator.com - ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ: ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ...
ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ www.onlinedoctranslator.com - ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ: ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻭﺻﻒﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺮ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﺻﻒﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭﺻﻒﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﻗﻢﺑﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺧﻄﺔ ﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﻴﻦ ﻟﺨﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ 1 © ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻐﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺡﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎً ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻦﺍﻟﺠﻠﻮﺱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻲﻣﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻓﻲﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﻠﺔ ،ﺗﻈﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲﻭﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺔ 2 © ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﻓﻬﻮﺃﻣﺮ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﺸﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻭﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎً ﻭﺛﻴﻘﺎًﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻳﻌﺪﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍ ﻣﺒﻜﺮﺍ ﻟﻺﻋﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂﺑﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺳﻴﺉﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ ،ﻭﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ،ﻭﺍﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻬﻴﺉﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ 3 © ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔ ﺗﺆﺛﺮﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ، ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻲ ،ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﺰﺍﺯﻱ ،ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﻭﺇﺩﺭﺍﻙﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﻨﺘﺞﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔ ﺗﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ، ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﻴﻦ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ )ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍءﺓ ﻓﻘﻂ( ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻭﻗﻮﻑ ﺃﺿﻴﻖ ،ﻭﺗﻤﺎﻳﻼً ﺃﻭﺳﻊﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ ،ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍً ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﺍﻟﺤﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻖ )ﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻲ ﻷﺟﺰﺍء ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻭﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺪﺍﻟﻤﺒﺬﻭﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ( 4 © ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔ ﺳﺎﺭﻛﻮﺑﻴﻨﻴﺎ:ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﻭﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﺑﺜﻼﺙ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎء ﺍﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﺳﻨﺎ ًﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﺠﻢﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎء ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮﻱ ،ﻭﻣﺮﺽ ﺑﺎﺭﻛﻨﺴﻮﻥ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻏﻴﺔ، ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻠﻞﺍﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ ،ﻭﻫﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﺎﻡ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ 5 © ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻧﻤﻂ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻴﻦﺑﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻦﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﺢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻃﻮﺍﻝﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ 6 © ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﻓﺤﺺﻭﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ،ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ .1ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ .2ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻴﺔ .3ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺳﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝﺍﻟﻀﻌﻔﺎء ﻭﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﺷﻤﻮﻻ ًﻭﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ 7 © ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻼﺕﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺎﻗﺔﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻴﺔ :ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺪء ﺑﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞﻟﻠﻴﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂﺍﻟﻠﻴﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺑﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻛﻴﺔ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻓﻲﺳﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔ ﻳﺤﺴﻦﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻮﻥﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﻣﺰﻣﻨﺔ ﺑﻐﺾﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ ،ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﻪ 8 © ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻲ 150-ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍﺉﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ )ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺣﺔ ﻭﺭﻛﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺟﺎﺕ( -ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻴﺔ -ﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺑﺘﻤﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ -ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺩﻣﺞ ﻣﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻲﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﺑﺪﻻ ًﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ 9 © ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺧﺎﺹ ﻳﻤﻜﻦﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺃﻳﻀ ًﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻲ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻗﺪﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :ﺭﻛﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺟﺎﺕﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ، ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﺩ،ﻭﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ،ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ، ﻭﻳﻮﺟﺎﺍﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ. ﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩﺍﺕﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ: 10 © ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ 11 © ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝﻋﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺼﺪ ﻟﻠﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﻣﺜﻞﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻮﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺍﺿﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﺭﻫﻢ 65ﻋﺎﻣﺎً ﻓﻤﺎ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻭﻗﺪﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍ ﻟﺠﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁﻫﻮ ﺃﻋﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ 13 © ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﻓﻲﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﻴﺔ ،ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﻴﻦ ،ﻭﻧﻘﺺ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺣﻴﺾ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﺗﺸﻤﻞﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ: -1ﻋﺪﻡ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﻴﻦ ﻭﺗﺪﺭﻳﺒﻬﻢ -2 ﻋﺪﻡﺍﻛﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻳﺾ -3ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﻴﺔ -4ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻛﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﻠﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ -5 ﻋﺪﻡﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻼﻣﺔ 14 © ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ ﻋﻮﺍﻗﺐﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﻛﺴﻮﺭﺍﻟﻮﺭﻙ: 95%-ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺳﺒﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ -ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺿﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎﺕ -ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑـ :ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ،ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﺎﻡ، ﻛﺘﻠﺔﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻴﻞ ،ﺍﻷﻟﻢ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺉﺎﺑﻲ ،ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ 15 © ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ ﻋﻮﺍﻗﺐﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻍ -ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺆﻻء ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ 75ﻋﺎﻣﺎً -ﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﺳﻠﺒﺎ ًﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ -ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻀﻊ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻟﻺﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺈﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻍﺍﻟﺮﺿﻴﺔ :ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﺔ ،ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻀﺎﺩﺍﺕﺍﻟﺘﺨﺜﺮ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻍ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ 16 © ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ ﻋﻮﺍﻗﺐﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﺭﻫﺎﺏﻓﺎﻟﻮﺏ -ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ -ﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ -ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺮﺿﺎﺕ ﺃﻻ ﻳﻘﻠﻠﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻘﺘﻬﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺿﺎﻫﻦ، ﺑﻞﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻦ ﺑﺪﻻ ًﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ 17 © ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏﻓﻲ ﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻒﺍﻻﺩﺭﺍﻛﻲ ﺃﻟﻢﻣﺰﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺼﺎﺑﻲ )ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻲ(. ﻋﺪﻡﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﻡ ﺿﺮﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻣﺮﺽﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻀﺒﻂ ﺃﻋﺮﺍﺽﺍﻻﻛﺘﺉﺎﺏ ﺿﻌﻒﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ 18 © ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺲﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪ ﺫﺍﺗﻪ ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺠﻢ ﻋﻦ :ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ،ﻭﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻄﺔ، ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕﻓﻲ ﻓﺮﻁ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﺟﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻕ ،ﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﺎﻡ، ﻭﻧﻘﺺﻓﻮﺳﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮﻱ ،ﻭﻣﺮﺽ ﺑﺎﺭﻛﻨﺴﻮﻥ، ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﺘﺔﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻏﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺇﺩﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻮﻝ ،ﻭﻧﻘﺺ ﻓﻴﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺏ. 19 © ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﻳﻤﺎﺭﺱ -ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ 10ﺃﺳﺎﺑﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺺ -ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﺮﺩﻳﺔ -ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﻬﺪﻑ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ 20 © ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍء ﺟﺎﻧﺐﻣﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﻳﺰﺩﺍﺩﺍﻟﺨﻄﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻀﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﻥﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻭﺩﻳﺎﺯﻳﺒﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻳﺠﺐﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﻳﺔ )ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﺑﺲ ﻭﺗﻠﻚﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﻭﺻﻔﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﺔ( ﻭﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔﺭ 21 © ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﻖﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﺭﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺯﻟﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﺿﺎءﺓﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻻﺕﻭﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﻣﺘﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺍﺕﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﻗﻀﺒﺎﻥﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮ ﻻ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻣﻼﺑﺲﺍﻟﻤﺮﻳﺾ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮﺍﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺸﻲ 22 © ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢﻻ ﺗﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﻬﺎﻛﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ 23 © ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻳﻘﻠﻞﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻳﺠﺐﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎً ﻟﻤﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺔﻭﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻳﺾ 24 © ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺿﻊﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎ ﺑﻘﻮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﺭﺗﺪﺍءﺃﺣﺬﻳﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻛﻌﺐ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺓﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺛﺮﺓ ﻋﻨﺪﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻳﺔ ،ﻗﻒ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻳﺔ ﺃﻭﺩﺣﺮﺟﻬﺎ ﺑﻜﻠﺘﺎ ﻳﺪﻳﻚ ﻳﺠﺐﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻟﻴﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺣﺠﻢ ﻭﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻘﺒﺾ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﺎﺳﺒﻚ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺮﻳﺢ 25 © ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ 26