MIDTERMS NCMA216 Drugs Affecting the Autonomic Nervous System PDF

NCMA216 LESSON 6: DRUGS AFFECTING THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM WEEK 7 I SECOND YEAR, FIRST SEMESTER - MIDTERMS| A.Y. 2023-2024 I COLLEGE OF NURSING - VALENZUELA CAMPUS PPT AND DISCUSSED BY: DRA. CARMENCITA R. PACIS, PhD, RN TRANSCRIBED BY: EDGARDO III...

NCMA216 LESSON 6: DRUGS AFFECTING THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM WEEK 7 I SECOND YEAR, FIRST SEMESTER - MIDTERMS| A.Y. 2023-2024 I COLLEGE OF NURSING - VALENZUELA CAMPUS PPT AND DISCUSSED BY: DRA. CARMENCITA R. PACIS, PhD, RN TRANSCRIBED BY: EDGARDO III T. BALAIS, SN I BSN 2-Y1-4 I OLFU - VAL NERVOUS SYSTEM CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. Brain 2. Spinal cord PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Voluntary. Skeletal muscles and sensory information. Carry messages from the outer areas of the body. Afferent - Sensory neuron. Efferent - Motor neuron. SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Allows the body to function under stress. Fight or flight system. Adrenergic system neurotransmitters: 1. Norepinephrine - Plays an essential role in the regulation of arousal, attention, cognitive 2. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM function, and stress reactions. As medication, it Involuntary physiologic processes. is used to increase and maintain blood pressure Cardiac and smooth muscles. in limited, short-term serious health situations. Glandular Secretions. Also known as noradrenaline. A. Sympathetic - Fight or flight system. 2. Epinephrine - As a neurotransmitter, B. Parasympathetic - Rest or digest system. epinephrine plays a small role. Only a small amount is produced in your nerves. It plays a role in metabolism, attention, focus, panic and excitement. As a medication, it is used to treat NCMA216: PHARMACOLOGY LESSON 6: DRUGS AFFECTING THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 1  NCMA216 LESSON 6: DRUGS AFFECTING THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM WEEK 7 I SECOND YEAR, FIRST SEMESTER - MIDTERMS| A.Y. 2023-2024 I COLLEGE OF NURSING - VALENZUELA CAMPUS PPT AND DISCUSSED BY: DRA. CARMENCITA R. PACIS, PhD, RN TRANSCRIBED BY: EDGARDO III T. BALAIS, SN I BSN 2-Y1-4 I OLFU - VAL allergic reactions or anaphylaxis, to restore cardiac rhythm, and to control mucosal congestion, glaucoma, and asthma. Also known as adrenaline. 3. Dopamine - Plays a role in important body functions, including movement, memory, pleasurable reward and motivation. Alpha-1 receptor (Gq) - Smooth muscle contraction. Found on vascular smooth muscle. These determine both arteriolar resistance and venous capacitance, thus BP. Alpha-2 receptor (Gi) - Inhibitory. Found both in the brain and in the periphery. In the brain stem, they modulate sympathetic outflow. Beta-1 receptor - Regulate heart rate and myocardial contractility, but in situations of stress with the provocation of epinephrine release stimulation of cardiac beta-2 receptors contribute to additional increases in heart rate and contractility. Beta-2 receptor - Cell-surface receptors clinically taken advantage of in the management of bronchospasm as in patients with bronchial asthma and COPD. Adrenergic receptors: 1. Heart - Beta-1 2. Lungs - Beta-2 Effects of activation - Beta receptors: NCMA216: PHARMACOLOGY LESSON 6: DRUGS AFFECTING THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 2  NCMA216 LESSON 6: DRUGS AFFECTING THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM WEEK 7 I SECOND YEAR, FIRST SEMESTER - MIDTERMS| A.Y. 2023-2024 I COLLEGE OF NURSING - VALENZUELA CAMPUS PPT AND DISCUSSED BY: DRA. CARMENCITA R. PACIS, PhD, RN TRANSCRIBED BY: EDGARDO III T. BALAIS, SN I BSN 2-Y1-4 I OLFU - VAL Sympathomimetic (adrenergics) - sympathetic stimulants. Sympatholytic (adrenergic blockers) - sympathetic depressants. Direct-acting: SYMPATHOMIMETIC (ADRENERGIC) AGENTS Side Effects of Albuterol NCMA216: PHARMACOLOGY LESSON 6: DRUGS AFFECTING THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 3  NCMA216 LESSON 6: DRUGS AFFECTING THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM WEEK 7 I SECOND YEAR, FIRST SEMESTER - MIDTERMS| A.Y. 2023-2024 I COLLEGE OF NURSING - VALENZUELA CAMPUS PPT AND DISCUSSED BY: DRA. CARMENCITA R. PACIS, PhD, RN TRANSCRIBED BY: EDGARDO III T. BALAIS, SN I BSN 2-Y1-4 I OLFU - VAL ○ Albuterol, also known as salbutamol, is a medication that belongs to the class of drugs called bronchodilators. It is used to treat and prevent bronchospasm (or narrowing of the airways) in conditions such as asthma, COPD, and other respiratory disorders. 1. Insomnia or difficulty sleeping 2. Headache or dizziness 3. Irregular heartbeat 4. Chest pain or palpitations 5. Dry mouth or throat irritation 6. Coughing or hoarseness 7. Nausea or vomiting 8. Muscle cramps or weakness Indirect-acting 9. Nervousness ○ Amphetamines - Releases intracellular stores of Centrally-acting alpha agonist: catecholamines (norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine). ○ Inhibits MAO. ○ Dextroamphetamine (similar to amphetamine) ○ Methamphetamine ○ Actions ○ CNS stimulants increase alertness, reduce fatigue, and depress appetite. ○ Activate the sympathetic nervous system. ○ Can cause dependence (limit their use). Psychomotor stimulants - Drugs that stimulate the CNS and increase motor activity; euphoria, excitement, and energy. Mixed-action: NCMA216: PHARMACOLOGY LESSON 6: DRUGS AFFECTING THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 4  NCMA216 LESSON 6: DRUGS AFFECTING THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM WEEK 7 I SECOND YEAR, FIRST SEMESTER - MIDTERMS| A.Y. 2023-2024 I COLLEGE OF NURSING - VALENZUELA CAMPUS PPT AND DISCUSSED BY: DRA. CARMENCITA R. PACIS, PhD, RN TRANSCRIBED BY: EDGARDO III T. BALAIS, SN I BSN 2-Y1-4 I OLFU - VAL SYMPATHOLYTIC AGENTS (ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS) ○ Potent competitive antagonist at both 1 and 2 receptors. Drugs that block the effect of the sympathetic nervous system. ○ Quick acting (in minutes). ○ Reduction in Peripheral Resistance - Blocking This is like taking your foot off the gas. both a-1 and a-2 receptors - causes NA release and vasodilatation more than arteriolar. ○ Cardiac stimulation: Enhanced NA release due to alpha-2 blockade. ○ Inhibits serotonin release - muscarinic agonist. ○ Uses: Pheochromocytoma, clonidine withdrawal, cheese reaction and in extravasations of NA and ADR injection. ○ Dose: 5 mg IV injection as and when needed. Selective - a1 ○ α Adrenergic Blockers ○ PRAZOSIN: Doxazosin, Terazosin ○ Mechanism of Action: Blocks O1 receptors in arterioles and venules thereby produce vasodilation, lowers peripheral vascular resistance. ○ Uses: Mild to moderate hypertension, Benign Prostate Enlargement, Raynaud's phenomenon, Pheochromocytoma (Non-selective α blocker Phenoxybenzamine). ○ Adverse Effects: Postural hypotension - 1st dose phenomenon (1st dose should be small & should be administered at bedtime), nasal stuffiness, dizziness, palpitation. Selective - a2: NON-SELECTIVE (A1, A2, or both): ○ Phentolamine - Non specific, short acting reversible alpha antagonist. NCMA216: PHARMACOLOGY LESSON 6: DRUGS AFFECTING THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 5  NCMA216 LESSON 6: DRUGS AFFECTING THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM WEEK 7 I SECOND YEAR, FIRST SEMESTER - MIDTERMS| A.Y. 2023-2024 I COLLEGE OF NURSING - VALENZUELA CAMPUS PPT AND DISCUSSED BY: DRA. CARMENCITA R. PACIS, PhD, RN TRANSCRIBED BY: EDGARDO III T. BALAIS, SN I BSN 2-Y1-4 I OLFU - VAL ○ Metoprolol (Mechanism of Action): Selectively blocks beta-1 receptors, slowing sinus heart rate, decreasing cardiac output, and decreasing BP. Non-selective: NURSING MANAGEMENT ○ Monitor vital signs for bradycardia, hypotension and respiratory depression. ○ Monitor blood glucose for hypoglycemia. ○ Advise the client about the possibility of impotence. ○ Propranolol - Class II ○ Mechanism of Action: Decreases SA node automaticity, decreases AV node conduction speed, and decreases cardiac contractility (Similar to calcium channel blockers in effect). ○ Uses: ST, VT, AT PO - IV in emergency situations. ○ Adverse Effects: Hypotension, bronchospasm, decreased cardiac contractility. Selective - b1: NCMA216: PHARMACOLOGY LESSON 6: DRUGS AFFECTING THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 6