7-Canine & Feline Vaccinations and Diseases.pdf

CANINE & FELINE VACCINATIONS AND DISEASES CHAPTER 8 CANINE IMMUNIZATIONS • RABIES • CORE • ZOONOTIC • REPORTABLE DISEASE • RHABDOVIRUS (LYSSAVIRUS)-AFFECTS NERVOUS SYSTEM • SPREAD THRU SALIVA/CNS TISSUE • COMMONLY TRANSMITTED THRU BITE WOUNDS • ENDEMIC DISEASE IN US • NATURAL RESERVOIRS-SKUNKS, BA...

CANINE & FELINE VACCINATIONS AND DISEASES CHAPTER 8 CANINE IMMUNIZATIONS • RABIES • CORE • ZOONOTIC • REPORTABLE DISEASE • RHABDOVIRUS (LYSSAVIRUS)-AFFECTS NERVOUS SYSTEM • SPREAD THRU SALIVA/CNS TISSUE • COMMONLY TRANSMITTED THRU BITE WOUNDS • ENDEMIC DISEASE IN US • NATURAL RESERVOIRS-SKUNKS, BATS, FOXES, RACCOONS, COYOTES CANINE IMMUNIZATIONS • RABIES • INCUBATION PERIOD: 2-3 WEEKS TO A YEAR • CLINICAL SIGNS • VARY WIDELY • NEUROLOGIC SIGNS-AGGRESSION, AGITATION, SOLITUDE SEEKING, INCOORDINATION, +/- PARALYSIS • SOME DESCRIBE CLINICAL DISEASE AS FOLLOWS • 1-3 DAYS ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR (APPREHENSIVE, NERVOUS, CHEW AT SITE, WANDER) • 3-4 DAYS EXCITATORY (“FURIOUS”) OR PARALYTIC (“DUMB”) FORM • NO TREATMENT AVAILABLE • FATAL ONCE ONSET CLINICAL SIGNS RABIES CANINE IMMUNIZATIONS • RABIES • REQUIRED BY LAW • STATE/LOCAL LAWS MAY DICTATE FREQUENCY OF ADMINISTRATION • 1 YEAR VS 3 YEAR • SQ VS IM ALSO DICTATED BY SOME LAWS • INJECTABLE • ADJUVANTED KILLED VIRUS • NONADJUVANTED, RECOMBINANT VIRUS CANARYPOX-VECTORED CANINE IMMUNIZATIONS • CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS • CORE • PARAMYXOVIRUS • CLINICAL SIGNS • DECREASED APPETITE, FEVER, LETHARGY • RESPIRATORY DISEASE • VOMITING, DIARRHEA, ANOREXIA, DEHYDRATION • NEUROLOGICAL SIGNS-SEIZURES, ATAXIA, PARESIS, +/- HYPERESTHESIA • HYPERKERATOSIS OF NASAL PLANUM/FOOT PADS LATER IN DISEASE • AFFECTS DOGS OF ANY AGE-YOUNG MOST AT RISK CANINE DISTEMBER CANINE IMMUNIZATIONS • CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS • AFFECTS OTHER SPECIES-FOXES, RACCOONS, SKUNKS, WOLVES, FERRETS • SHED IN ALL SECRETIONS • COMMONLY TRANSMITTED THRU RESPIRATORY EXUDATES • DOESN’T SURVIVE IN ENVIRONMENT VERY LONG • INJECTABLE RECOMBINANT & MODIFIED LIVE VAX AVAILABLE • OFTEN COMBINED W/OTHER VACCINES (DA2PP OR DHPP) CANINE IMMUNIZATIONS • CANINE ADENOVIRUS TYPE 2 • CORE (DUE TO PROTECTION AGAINST ADENOVIRUS TYPE 1) • CAV-2 ONE OF CAUSES OF CANINE INFECTIOUS TRACHEOBRONCHITIS • CAV-1 CAUSES INFECTIOUS CANINE HEPATITIS • SIGNS-VOMITING, DIARRHEA, ABDOMINAL PAIN, CLOTTING DISORDERS, FEVER • OCULAR SIGNS-ANTERIOR UVEITIS/CORNEAL EDEMA OCCUR AS DOG RECOVERS • ACUTE DEATH ESP. YOUNG PUPPIES • AFFECTS DOGS OF ALL AGES-YOUNG MOSTLY COMMONLY AFFECTED CANINE ADENOVIRUS TYPE 1 CANINE IMMUNIZATIONS • CANINE ADENOVIRUS TYPE 2 • CAV-1 VACCINES CAUSED RENAL/OCULAR DISEASES IN SOME ANIMALS • NO LONGER USED • CAV-2 RARELY CAUSED SIDE EFFECTS AND PROTECTION AGAINST BOTH CAV-1 & CAV-2 • CAV-2 MODIFIED LIVE INJECTABLE • COMBINED W/OTHER VACCINES (DA2PP OR DHPP) • A2 OR H IN THE COMBO VACCINES IS INTERCHANGEABLE DEPENDING ON BRAND • STAND FOR ADENOVIRUS TYPE 2 & HEPATITIS RESPECTIVELY CANINE IMMUNIZATIONS • CANINE PARVOVIRUS • CORE • PARVOVIRAL ENTERITIS SERIOUS, HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS DISEASE • CPV-2a/CPV-2b SHED IN FECES • SPREAD FECAL-ORAL TRANSMISSION • RESISTANT TO MANY DISINFECTANTS • PARVOCIDAL DISINFECTANTS • 1:30 SOLUTION OF DILUTE BLEACH (SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE) • SURVIVES IN ENVIRONMENT WEEKS TO MONTHS CANINE IMMUNIZATIONS • CANINE PARVOVIRUS • CLINICAL SIGNS-DIARRHEA, VOMITING, DEHYDRATION, LEUKOPENIA, FEVER • NEED TO BE ISOLATED WHEN TX IN HOSPITAL • ALL AGES SUSCEPTIBLE, YOUNG AT HIGHEST RISK • BREEDS W/INCREASED INCIDENCE • DOBERMAN PINSCHERS • ROTTWEILER • PITBULL (PERSONAL EXPERIENCE) • MODIFIED LIVE • COMBO VACCINE (DA2PP OR DHPP) CANINE PARVOVIRUS CANINE IMMUNIZATIONS • CANINE PARAINFLUENZA • • • • • NONCORE PARAMYXOVIRUS (CPiV) ONE OF CAUSES OF CANINE INFECTIOUS TRACHEOBRONCHITIS (KENNEL COUGH COMPLEX) MAIN CLINICAL SIGN-SELF LIMITING COUGH INJECTABLE/INTRANASAL MODIFIED LIVE VACCINE AVAIL • INJECTABLE ONLY AVAIL IN COMBO W/ DA2PP (OR DHPP) • ONLY PROTECTS AGAINST CLINICAL SIGNS (DOESN’T PREVENT INFECTION OR VIRAL SHEDDING) • INTRANASAL ONLY AVAIL IN COMBO W/B. bronchiseptica AND ADENOVIRUS TYPE 2 • CONSIDERED SUPERIOR IN PROTECTION • PROTECTS AGAINST CLINICAL SIGNS, PREVENTS INFECTION/VIRAL SHEDDING CANINE IMMUNIZATIONS • LEPTOSPIROSIS • NONCORE • GIVEN BASED ON PREVALENCE IN THE AREA & RISK OF ANIMAL BEING EXPOSED • KILLED INJECTABLE • GIVEN ALONE OR IN COMBO W/DA2PP (DA2PPL OR DHPPL) • ZOONOTIC CANINE IMMUNIZATIONS • LEPTOSPIROSIS • CAUSED BY BACTERIA LEPTOSPIRA • MANY SEROVARS, RECOMMENDED VACCINATE AGAINST 4 MOST COMMON • L. icterohemorrhagiae • L. grippotyphosa • L. pomona • L. canicola • Note other serovars can cause disease & existing vaccines do not protect against these CANINE IMMUNIZATIONS • LEPTOSPIROSIS • TRANSMITTED THROUGH EXPOSURE TO CONTAMINATED WATER, FOOD, SOIL, BEDDING • BITE WOUNDS, PLACENTAL/VENEREAL TRANSFER • DIRECT CONTACT W/CONTAMINATED URINE • CAN SURVIVE FOR WEEKS WARM/MOIST ENVIRONMENTS • UNCOMMON DRY, ARID REGIONS • CLINICAL SIGNS • FEVER, ANOREXIA, POLYURIA, POLYDIPSIA, VOMITING, DIARRHEA • RENAL FAILURE +/- LIVER DISEASE POSSIBLE LEPTOSPIROSIS CANINE IMMUNIZATIONS • BORDETELLA bronchiseptica • NONCORE • ONE OF PRIMARY CAUSES CANINE INFECTIOUS TRACHEOBRONCHITIS (KENNEL COUGH COMPLEX) • CLINICAL SIGNS • DRY, HONKING COUGH • NASAL DISCHARGE • BACTERIA SHED RESPIRATORY SECRETIONS • TRANSMITTED VIA AIRBORNE CONTACT OR DIRECT DOG-TO-DOG CONTACT • EASILY SPREAD HIGHLY POPULATED AREAS • BOARDING KENNELS, SHELTERS, PET SHOPS CANINE KENNEL COUGH CANINE IMMUNIZATIONS • BORDETELLA bronchiseptica • INJECTABLE INACTIVATED CELLULAR ANTIGEN EXTRACT • INTRANASAL LIVE AVIRULENT BACTERIAL VACCINE • PREFERRED OVER INJECTABLE B/C STIMULATE LOCAL & SYSTEMIC IMMUNITY • NOT UNCOMMON FOR BOARDING FACILITIES TO REQUIRE • MAY BE COMBINED W/PARAINFLUENZA & CAV-2 CANINE IMMUNIZATIONS • BORRELIA burgdorferi • LYME DISEASE • CAUSED BY BACTERIA • SPREAD BY TICKS (IXODES) • NONCORE • RISK EXPOSURE TO IXODES, OR WHERE DISEASE IS ENDEMIC • CLINICAL SIGNS (SMALL PERCENTAGE SHOW CLINICAL DISEASE) • FEVER, POLYARTHRITIS • LESS COMMON PROTEIN-LOSING GLOMERULOPATHY (RENAL FAILURE) • INJECTABLE KILLED WHOLE CELL BACTERIN & RECOMBINANT SUBUNIT OspA VACCINE • TICK CONTROL IMPORTANT ROLE TO PREVENTION CANINE IMMUNIZATIONS • CANINE INFLUENZA • NONCORE • H3N2, H3N8 • CLINICAL SIGNS: UPPER RESPIRATORY DISEASE • COUGH • FEVER • NASAL DISCHARGE • SMALL PERCENTAGE DEVELOP SECONDARY PNEUMONIA • INJECTABLE KILLED VACCINE • SOME BOARDING FACILITIES NOW REQUIRE THIS AS WELL CANINE IMMUNIZATIONS • CANINE CORONAVIRUS • NONCORE • INFECTIOUS ENTERITIS • HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS • FECAL-ORAL • CLINICAL SIGNS: • DIARRHEA, DECREASED APPETITE, LETHARGY, +/- VOMITING • YOUNG ANIMALS • INJECTABLE KILLED & MODIFIED LIVE • INCOMPLETE PROTECTION BY DECREASING BUT NOT ENTIRELY ELIMINATING REPLICATION • COMBO W/DA2PP-C FELINE IMMUNIZATIONS • RABIES • CORE • SEE INFORMATION FOR CANINE RABIES • REMEMBER ZOONOTIC, REPORTABLE • RHABDOVIRUS (LYSSAVIRUS) • REQUIRED BY LAW • INJECTABLE • ADJUVANTED KILLED VIRUS • NONADJUVANTED, RECOMBINANT VIRUS CANARYPOX-VECTORED – RECOMMENDED DUE TO FIBROSARCOMAS • 1 YEAR VS 3 YEAR FELINE IMMUNIZATIONS • FELINE HERPESVIRUS TYPE 1 (FHV-1) & FELINE CALICIVIRUS (FCV) • CORE • FELINE RESPIRATORY DISEASES • FHV-1 • CAUSES VIRAL TRACHEITIS (UPPER RESPIRATORY DISEASE) “RHINOTRACHEITIS” • CLINICAL SIGNS: SNEEZING, OCULAR/NASAL DISCHARGE, FEVER • FCV • CAUSES UPPER RESPIRATORY DISEASE • SAME SIGNS AS ABOVE PLUS ORAL ULCERATIONS & JOINT PAIN FELINE IMMUNIZATIONS • FELINE HERPESVIRUS TYPE 1 (FHV-1) & FELINE CALICIVIRUS (FCV) • SHED VIA OROPHARYNGEAL, CONJUNCTIVAL, NASAL SECRETIONS FOR UP TO 3 WEEKS • FCV ALSO SHED IN URINE/FECES • FCV SURVIVES IN ENVIRONMENT LONGER (1 WEEK) VS. FHV-1 (24 HOURS) • SPREAD BY DIRECT CONTACT B/T CATS • INDIRECT CONTACT W/INFECTIVE SECRETIONS POSSIBLE • CAN FORM LATENT INFECTIONS & RECUR AFTER STRESSFUL EPISODES • ALSO CAN INVOLVE A CARRIER STATE WHERE CATS SHED VIRUS CONTINUOUSLY • ANY AGE SUSCEPTIBLE, YOUNG SEVERELY INFECTED FELINE IMMUNIZATIONS • FELINE HERPESVIRUS TYPE 1 (FHV-1) & FELINE CALICIVIRUS (FCV) • MODIFIED LIVE & INACTIVATED VACCINES AVAIL • BOTH RELATIVELY GOOD EFFICACY AGAINST DISEASE • DO NOT PROTECT AGAINST INFECTION OR CARRIER STATE • INJECTABLE FORM SQ; INTRANASAL • CAN DEVELOP MILD SIGNS AFTER VACCINE (ESP INTRANASAL) • LAMENESS MAY DEVELOP SECONDARY TO FCV COMPONENT • COMBO W/FVRCP RHINOTRACHEITIS CALICIVIRUS FELINE IMMUNIZATIONS • FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA VIRUS • CORE • CAUSED BY PARVOVIRUS • HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS • COMMONLY FOUND IN ENVIRONMENT • ALL AGES SUSCEPTIBLE • CLINICAL SIGNS: • FEVER, LETHARGY, ANOREXIA, DEHYDRATION, VOMITING, DIARRHEA • SUDDEN DEATH, ESP YOUNGER CATS • LOW WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT-AKA LEUKOPENIA • NEUROLOGIC SIGNS POSSIBLE IF INFECTION DURING LATE GESTATION OR FIRST FEW WEEKS OF LIFE • CEREBELLAR HYPOPLASIA FELINE IMMUNIZATIONS • FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA VIRUS • SHED ALL BODY SECRETIONS • MOST COMMONLY FOUND FECES/URINE • CAN SURVIVE IN ENVIRONMENT FOR UP TO A YEAR • SPREAD BY DIRECT CONTACT W/INFECTED CAT OR INFECTIOUS SECRETIONS • INJECTABLE MODIFIED LIVE & INACTIVATED VACCINES AVAIL • EXCELLENT IMMUNITY • INTRANASAL MODIFIED LIVE ALSO AVAIL • MODIFIED LIVE VACCINE CAN CAUSE CEREBELLAR DZ IN FETUSES/NEONATES • DO NOT VACCINATE PREGNANT CATS OR KITTENS LESS THAN 4 WEEKS OF AGE • VAX COMMONLY COMBINED FORM FVRCP VAX FELINE IMMUNIZATIONS • FELINE LEUKEMIA • CORE FOR KITTENS/NONCORE FOR ADULTS • RETROVIRUS OF SUBFAMILY ONCORNAVIRUS • SHED SALIVA/NASAL SECRETIONS • SPREAD THRU MUTUAL GROOMING, SHARING FOOD/WATER BOWLS, BITING • ALSO SPREAD IN UTERO, THRU NURSING, BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS • SURVIVE IN ENVIRONMENT FOR 48 HOURS • ALL AGES, YOUNG MOST SUSCEPTIBLE FELINE IMMUNIZATIONS • FELINE LEUKEMIA • CLINICAL SIGNS SECONDARY TO IMMUNOSUPPRESSION: • ANOREXIA, WT. LOSS, FEVER, LYMPHADENOPATHY, CHRONIC URI/GINGIVITIS • ABORTIONS, SEVERE ENTERITIS, NEURO DZ, OCULAR DZ • ANEMIA AND/OR LYMPHOMA • INACTIVATED INJECTABLE, NONADJUVANTED RECOMBINANT, NONADJUVANTED RECOMBINANT TRANSDERMAL • AT RISK CATS • OUTDOORS OR CONTACT W/KNOWN POSITIVE CATS (OR STRAY CATS) • RECOMMENDED TEST NEGATIVE PRIOR TO VACCINATION FELINE LEUKEMIA FELINE IMMUNIZATIONS • CHLAMYDOPHILA felis • NONCORE • BACTERIAL DISEASE • INFECTS CONJUNCTIVA/RESPIRATORY TRACT • CLINICAL SIGNS: • CONJUNCTIVITIS • UNILATERAL/BILATERAL SEROUS OCULAR DISCHARGE • MAY PROGRESS TO MUCOPURULENT • MILD NASAL DISCHARGE • SNEEZING FELINE IMMUNIZATIONS • CHLAMYDOPHILA felis • SPREAD BY DIRECT CONTACT B/T CATS • SHED FOR MONTHS BEYOND CLINICAL RESOLUTION OF SIGNS • INFECTIONS TREATABLE • INJECTABLE INACTIVATED, ADJUVANT, & MODIFIED LIVE VACCINES • STIMULATE SOME PROTECTION AGAINST DISEASE • DOESN’T PREVENT INFECTION OR SHEDDING • RECOMMENDED IN MULTICAT ENVIRONMENTS W/HX OF INFECTION FELINE IMMUNIZATIONS • BORDETELLA bronchiseptica • NONCORE • BACTERIAL INFECTION • CLINICAL SIGNS: UPPER RESPIRATORY DISEASE • SNEEZING, SUBMANDIBULAR LN ENLARGEMENT, OCULONASAL DISCHARGE, +/- COUGHING • SHELTERS/CATTERIES • ALL AGES, MOST AFFECTED YOUNG FELINE IMMUNIZATIONS • BORDETELLA bronchiseptica • SHED OROPHARYNGEAL/NASAL SECRETIONS • UP TO 19 WEEKS AFTER INFECTION • TRANSMISSION DIRECT CONTACT W/OTHER CAT OR SECRETIONS • CAN BE TRANSMITTED B/T CATS & DOGS • MODIFIED LIVE INTRANASAL VAX • RECOMMENDED BOARDING, SHELTERS, CATTERIES W/CONFIRMED CASES • ADMINISTERED 72 HOURS PRIOR TO ENTERING FACILITY QUESTIONS?