Practice Test #1 PDF

Practice test #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ffe5lq 1. "first ionization energy" just Up and right means ionization energy so bc of that the periodic trend for first ionization en- ergy increases as we go __________ in the periodic table 2. Amount of energy n...

Practice test #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ffe5lq 1. "first ionization energy" just Up and right means ionization energy so bc of that the periodic trend for first ionization en- ergy increases as we go __________ in the periodic table 2. Amount of energy needed Element's first ionization energy to remove the first electron from a neutral atom 3. ‘effective nuclear charge = ‘ first ionization energy as the increased at- _____ first ionization energy traction from the protons makes it more dif- ficult to remove electrons from the atom (or "ionize them") 4. A solution of Mg(OH)2 in wa- Increase the number of Mg2+ ions in solution ter becomes saturated. The addition of a strong acid **Bc OH- will LEAVE to combine w/ H+ and to this solution will cause form water, with OH gone it shifts rxn to the which of the following? right forming more Mg2+ Mg(OH)2(s) Ì Mg2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) 5. When we add a strong acid ‘ temperature to a solution that contains OH- what will happen to the temp? 6. K units for 0 law? M¹s{¹ 7. K units for 1st law? s{¹ 1/6  Practice test #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ffe5lq 8. K units for 2nd law? M{¹s{¹ 9. K units for 3rd law? M{²s{¹ 10. -”H Spon +”S -”G 11. +”H Nonspon -”S +”G 12. -”H Spon at low temp -”S 13. +”H Spon at high temp +”S 14. Osmotic pressure formula À =iMRT 15. What is the R in the osmotic 0.082 (L × atm)/(mol × K) pressure formula? À =iMRT 16. An electronegative nonmetal Polar covalent bond bonded to a less electroneg- ative nonmetal forms a Ex. HCL ***Since chlorine is much more electroneg- ative than hydrogen, it will hog the electron more than the hydrogen, creating a polar co- valent bond. 17. For HCL, chlorine is much Polar covalent bond more electronegative than hydrogen, it will hog the elec- 2/6  Practice test #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ffe5lq tron more than the hydrogen, creating a 18. Increasing the temperature ‘ entropy causes the molecules in a system to move more chaoti- cally, _________ the entropy. 19. ‘temp = _______ ”S ‘”S 20. ‘vol = _______ ”S ‘”S 21. ‘pressure = _______ ”S “”S 22. Which of the following best Oxygen's lone pairs repel bonding pair elec- describes why H2O has trons slightly smaller bond angles than CH4? 23. Lone pairs in a molecule Reduces exert a stronger repulsive force than bonds which ______________ the bond angle between the atoms 24. Given this example question When the answer choices mention "aluminum and answer: oxide," they are referring to the compound Al2O3, which contains aluminum that under- "For the given reaction be- goes a change in oxidation state during the low, which of the following is reaction. true? 2 Al2O3 + 3 C ’ 4 Al + 3 CO2 In the reaction: 2 Al2O3 + 3 C ’ 4 Al + 3 CO2 Correct answer: Carbon is Aluminum in Al2O3 goes from an oxidation oxidized and aluminum oxide state of +3 to 0, indicating that it is reduced. is reduced" Ccarbon in this reaction goes from an oxida- Why does it say "aluminum tion state of 0 to +4 (in CO2), indicating that oxide" in the answers and it is oxidized. what do we do about that? 3/6  Practice test #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ffe5lq So, when the correct answer choice says, "Carbon is oxidized, aluminum oxide is re- duced," it's referring to the aluminum within aluminum oxide being reduced. Essentially, it's the aluminum in the aluminum oxide that's gaining electrons and getting re- duced. 25. Acid ’ Conjugate Base - 1Hz 26. Base ’ Conjugate Acid + 1Hz 27. What is the freezing point of 0°C /32°F /273K pure water? 28. What is the melting point of 0°C /32°F /273K pure water? 29. Why does pure water have Because they are essentially the reverse of the same melting point and each other, at 0°C pure water can exist in freezing point? both liquid and solid states, depending on the direction of heat exchange At 0°C: If water is absorbing heat then it will melt If water is releasing heat then it will freeze 30. Bpt of pure water at 1 atm = 100 °C *****Can change w/variations in atmospheric pressure Ex. ‘ altitudes with “ atmospheric pressure, wa- ter boils at a “ temp 31. Freezing point depression ”Tf = -(i x Kf x m) formula 4/6  Practice test #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ffe5lq 32. What does the m stand for molality = mols solute/kg solvent in the change in freezing pt formula? ”Tf = -(i x Kf x m) 33. f“pt = ‘i Solute w/ the “i When a solute is added the fpt drops below 0, becoming negative, so the more par- ticles (‘i), the larger the de- crease in the freezing point (“fpt) So because of this when you're looking for the so- lution with a fpt closest to pure water, meaning the least depression (smallest drop) what do you look for? 34. ____________ changes do Physical not involve changes to the chemical formula of a com- ex. Aluminum(s) ’ Aluminum(l) pound and yield the same product 35. Which of the following is nec- Concentration of Na+ and Cl- in solution essary to determine the Ksp of NaCl dissolving in H2O? **In this expression, NaCl is a solid and H2O is a liquid, so neither are included in the equi- librium expression. The concentrations of the aqueous species Na+ and Cl- are the only determinants in the Ksp expression. 36. Two ideal gases, X and Y, are P1V1 = P2V2 at the same temperature and have the same number of Gas X = P1V1 = 2(V1) molecules. The pressure of Gas Y = P2V2 = 1(V2) 5/6  Practice test #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ffe5lq gas X is twice that of gas Y. We are looking for V1 The volume of gas X will be 2(V1) = 1(V2) V1 = V2/2 Vol. of gas X will be 1/2 of gas Y 6/6