Experiment 6A & 6B Hydraulic Cement - GRP3 PDF

# FEU ALABANG ## DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING ### Materials of Construction and Testing ## EXPERIMENT 6A: NORMAL CONSISTENCY OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT ### 6.1 Program Outcomes (POs) Addressed by the Experiment - Ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data. - A...

# FEU ALABANG ## DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING ### Materials of Construction and Testing ## EXPERIMENT 6A: NORMAL CONSISTENCY OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT ### 6.1 Program Outcomes (POs) Addressed by the Experiment - Ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data. - Ability to function on multidisciplinary teams. ### 6.2 Experiment's Intended Learning Outcomes (EILOs) At the end of this experiment the student shall be able to: - Apply appropriate ASTM/AASHTO standards for normal consistency of hydraulic cement. - Calculate the density and specific gravity of hydraulic cement. - Interpret how the density of hydraulic cement controls concrete mixtures and design. ### 6.3 Objectives of the Experiment The objective of this experiment is to determine the normal consistency of hydraulic cement. ### 6.4 Principle of the Experiment This test method is used to determine the amount of water required to prepare hydraulic cement pastes for testing. The temperature of the air in the vicinity of the mixing slab, dry cement, molds, and base plates shall be maintained between 20 and 27.5°C (68 and 81.5°F). The temperature of the mixing water shall not vary from 23.0°C (73.5°F) by more than ±2.0°C (3.5°F) and the relative humidity of the laboratory shall not be less than 50%. $P = \frac{W}{C} * 100$ where: - **P** = percentage of water - **W** = quantity of water added - **C** = quantity of cement used. ### 6.5 Materials / Equipment - Weights / Weighing Device - Glass Graduates - Vicat Apparatus - Container - Scoop / Spatula - Labeling Devices ### 6.6 Procedure #### 6.6.1 Preparation of Cement Paste - Weigh 650 grams of cement. - Prepare a measured quantity of clean water. - Mix cement and water to create paste. #### 6.6.2 Molding Test Specimen - Quickly form the cement paste, prepared as described in 12.6.1, into the approximate shape of a ball with gloved hands. Then toss six times through a free path of about 150 mm (6 in.) from one hand to another so as to produce a nearly spherical mass that may be easily inserted into the Vicat ring with a minimum amount of additional manipulation. - Press the ball, resting in the palm of one hand, into the larger end of the conical ring, held in the other hand, completely filling the ring with paste. - Remove the excess at the larger end by a single movement of the palm of the hand. Place the ring on its larger end on the base plate and slice off the excess paste at the smaller end at the top of the ring by a single oblique stroke of a sharp-edged trowel held at a slight angle with the top of the ring, and smooth the top, if necessary, with a few light touches of the pointed end of the trowel. During these operations of cutting and smoothing, take care not to compress the paste. #### 6.6.3 Consistency Determination - Center the paste confined in the ring, resting on the plate, under the rod, the plunger end of which shall be brought in contact with the surface of the paste, and tighten the set-screw. - Set the movable indicator to the upper zero mark of the scale, or take an initial reading, and release the rod immediately. This must not exceed 30 seconds after completion of mixing. - The apparatus shall be free of all vibrations during the test. Make trial pastes with varying percentages of water until the normal consistency is obtained. Make each trial with fresh cement. - The paste shall be of normal consistency when the rod settles to a point 10±1 mm below the original surface in 30 seconds after being released. ### 6.7 Activity Report (NEBRIA) | Course: | CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS & TESTING | Experiment No.: | AV31 | |-----------------------------------|------------------------------------|----------------------|-----------------------| | Group NO.: | 3 | Section: | | | Group Members: | | Date Performed: | | | *Bongcaras, Nathaleen Patricia S.* | *Gabalunos, Shamiya* | Date Submitted: | | | *Bonom, Jaydee Ashley M.* | *Guntang, Jules Marverick H.* | | | | *Buenaventura, Marc Lawrence D.* | *Lim, Kyle Morrissey G.* | | | | *Caingcoy, Juan Gerard C.* | *Nebria Jr., Christopher T.* | | | | *De La Cruz, Cemdre Eljoi F.* | *Novero, Tristan Jose F.* | | | | *Gabinete, Kristina Cassandra R.* | *Robles, Rhenee Rose M.* | | | | | | Instructor: | Engr. John Carlo Detera | | TRIAL | MASS OF CEMENT | MASS OF WATER | CONSISTENCY | PERCENTAGE OF WATER | |-------|------------------|--------------------|---------------|--------------------------| | 1 | | | | | | 2 | | | | | | 3 | | | | | | 4 | | | | | | 5 | | | | | ### 6.7.2 Calculation (NOVERO) - Initial Setting Time - Final Setting Time ### 6.7.3 Observation (CAINGCOY) (minimum of 5 sentences) ### 6.7.4 Conclusion/s (LIM) (minimum of 5 sentences) ### 6.7.5 Design of Experiment (BONGCARAS) **Procedure:** - Preparation of Cement Paste: - Weigh 650 g of cement into a clean, dry bowl. - Calculate the initial water-cement ratio (e.g., 25% by weight of cement). - Add the calculated amount of distilled water to the cement. - Mix the cement and water thoroughly using a spatula for 2-3 minutes until a uniform paste is formed. - Filling the Vicat Mold: - Press the cement paste into the Vicat mold, ensuring it fills the mold completely. - Level the surface of the paste using a trowel. - Vicat Test: - Place the filled Vicat mold on the base plate of the Vicat apparatus. - Lower the Vicat needle until it just touches the surface of the paste. - Release the needle and start the stopwatch simultaneously. - After 30 seconds, measure the depth of penetration of the needle. - Adjusting Water-Cement Ratio: - If the penetration depth is less than 10 mm, increase the water-cement ratio for the next trial. - If the penetration depth is greater than 10 mm, decrease the water-cement ratio for the next trial. - Repeat Trials: - Repeat steps 1-4 until the penetration depth is within the acceptable range of 10 ± 1 mm. - Conduct at least three trials for each water-cement ratio to ensure consistency. - Determine Normal Consistency: - The water-cement ratio that results in a penetration depth of 10 ± 1 mm is considered the normal consistency of the cement. **Additional Considerations:** - Temperature Control: Conduct the test at a standard temperature of 27 ± 2°C. - Mixing Time: Ensure consistent mixing time for each trial. - Water Quality: Use distilled water to avoid impurities that may affect the setting time of cement. - Equipment Calibration: Regularly calibrate the Vicat apparatus to ensure accurate measurements. - Safety Precautions: Wear safety goggles and gloves to protect your eyes and hands from cement dust and potential skin irritation. By following these steps and considering the additional factors, you can accurately determine the normal consistency of a cement paste. ### 6.8 References - ASTM C187. (1998). Standard Test Method for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. - Bureau of Research and Standards. (2014). Laboratory Testing Procedures Manual: Portland Cement (Vol. III). Department of Public Works and Highways. ### 6.9 Appendix (GABALUNOS) # EXPERIMENT 6B: TIME OF SETTING OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT BY VICAT NEEDLE ### 6.1 Program Outcomes (POs) Addressed by the Experiment - Ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data. - Ability to function on multidisciplinary teams. ### 6.2 Experiment's Intended Learning Outcomes (EILOs) At the end of this experiment the student shall be able to: - Apply appropriate ASTM/AASHTO standards for time of setting of hydraulic cement. - Examine the effect of water in the setting time of hydraulic cement. - Prepare the necessary amount of water to combine with hydraulic cement to control concrete mixtures and design. ### 6.3 Objectives of the Experiment The objective of this experiment is to determine the time setting of hydraulic cement by means of a Vicat needle. ### 6.4 Principle of the Experiment This test method provides a means of determining compliance with a specification limit for Vicat time of setting. The measured time of setting is affected by the percentage and temperature of the water used, the amount of kneading the paste received, and by the temperature and humidity of the mixing room air and the moist cabinet or moist room air. The measured time of setting of hydraulic cement is test-method specific. Time of setting as measured by this method will not necessarily be similar to other methods used for determining the time of setting of hydraulic cements. ### 6.5 Materials / Equipment - Weights / Weighing Device - Glass Graduates - Vicat Apparatus - Container - Scoop / Spatula - Labeling Devices ### 6.6 Procedure #### 6.6.1 Preparation of Cement Paste - Weigh 650 grams of cement with the percentage of mixing water required for normal consistency. Distilled water is preferable and shall be used for all the referee or cooperative tests. - The test specimen used for the determination of normal consistency may be used for the additional determination of setting time by Vicat needle. #### 6.6.2 Molding Test Specimen - Quickly form the cement paste, prepared as described in Preparation of Cement Paste, into a ball with the gloved hands and toss six times from one hand to the other, maintaining the hands about 6in (152mm) apart. - Press the ball, resting in the palm of the hand, into the larger end of the conical ring held in the other hand, completely filling the ring with paste. - Remove the excess at the larger end by a single movement of the palm of the hand. Place the ring on its larger end on a glass plate and slice off the excess paste at the smaller end at the top of the ring by a single oblique stroke of a sharp-edged trowel held at a slight angle with the top of the ring, and smooth the top, if necessary, with one or two light touches of the pointed end of the trowel. During the operation of cutting and smoothing, take care not to compress the paste. #### 6.6.3 Time of Setting Determination - Allow the time of setting specimens to remain in the moist cabinet for 30 minutes after molding without being disturbed. Determine the penetration of the 1mm needle at this time and every 15 minutes thereafter until a penetration of 25mm or less is obtained. - For the penetration test, lower the needle of the rod until it rest on the surface of the cement paste. - Tighten the screw and set the indicator at the upper end of the scale or take an initial reading. - Release the rod quickly by releasing the set screw and allow the needle to settle for 30 seconds; then take the reading to determine the penetration. If the paste is obviously quite soft on the early readings, the fall of the rod may be retarded to avoid bending the 1-mm needle, but the rod shall be released only by the set screw when actual determinations for the setting time are made. No penetration test shall be made closer than 1/4 inch (6.4mm) from any previous penetration and no penetration test shall be made closer than 3/8 inch (9.5mm) from the inside of the mold. - Record the results of all penetration tests and, by interpolation, determine the time when a penetration of 25mm is obtained. This is the initial setting time. The final setting time is when the needle does not sin visibly into the paste. **Note:** All apparatus shall be free from vibration during the penetration test. Take care to keep the 1mm needle straight, and the needle must be kept clean as the collection of cement on the sides of the needle may retard the penetration, while cement on the point may increase the penetration. The time of setting is affected not only by the percentage and the temperature of the water used and the amount of kneading the paste received, but also by the temperature and humidity of the air, and its determination is therefore only approximate. ### 6.7 Activity Report (NEBRIA) | Course: | CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS & TESTING | Experiment No.: | AV31 | |----------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|---------------------------|------| | Group No.: | 3 | Section: | | | Group Members: | | Date Performed: | | | *Bongcaras, Nathaleen Patricia S.* | *Gabalunos, Shamiya* | Date Submitted: | | | *Bonom, Jaydee Ashley M.* | *Guntang, Jules Marverick H.* | | | | *Buenaventura, Marc Lawrence D.* | *Lim, Kyle Morrissey G.* | | | | *Caingcoy, Juan Gerard C.* | *Nebria Jr., Christopher T.* | | | | *De La Cruz, Cemdre Eljoi F.* | *Novero, Tristan Jose F.* | | | | *Gabinete, Kristina Cassandra R.* | *Robles, Rhenee Rose M.* | | | | | | Instructor: | Engr. John Carlo Detera | | TRIAL | TIME (minutes) | PENETRATION (mm) | |-------|-----------------|----------------------| | 1 | | | | 2 | | | | 3 | | | | 4 | | | | 5 | | | | 6 | | | | 7 | | | | 8 | | | | 9 | | | | 10 | | | ### 6.7.2 Calculation (NOVERO) - Initial Setting Time - Final Setting Time ### 6.7.3 Observation (DELA CRUZ) (minimum of 5 sentences) ### 6.7.4 Conclusion/s (LIM) (minimum of 5 sentences) ### 6.7.5 Design of Experiment (GABINETE) Create a new experiment (procedures) that can replicate the objective of this laboratory activity. Use bullet type for this. ### 6.8 References - ASTM C191. (2004). Standard Method of Test for Time Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. - Bureau of Research and Standards. (2014). Laboratory Testing Procedures Manual: Portland Cement (Vol. III). Department of Public Works and Highways. ### 6.9 Appendix (GABALUNOS)