MOR.docx

**MODULE 1** **[CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD IT RESEARCH]** - - - - - **[IMPORTANCE OF REEARCH IN IT]** - - - - **[DEFINITION OF RESEARCH]** - **[PURPOSES OF RESEARCH (AIMS, OBJECTIVES, & GOALS)]** 1. To discover new facts about known phenomena. 2. To find answers to probl...

**MODULE 1** **[CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD IT RESEARCH]** - - - - - **[IMPORTANCE OF REEARCH IN IT]** - - - - **[DEFINITION OF RESEARCH]** - **[PURPOSES OF RESEARCH (AIMS, OBJECTIVES, & GOALS)]** 1. To discover new facts about known phenomena. 2. To find answers to problems which are partially solved by existing methods. 3. To reduce burden of works. 4. To provide basis for decision-making in business, industry, education, government 5. and in other undertakings. 6. To satisfy the researcher's curiosity. 7. To expand or verify existing knowledge. 8. To promote health and prolong life. **[KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD RESEARCH]** -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- **Characteristic** **Description** Empirical Based on direct observation or experimentation rather than theory or guesswork. Logical Follows valid procedures and principles, ensuring findings are based on empirical data. Cyclical A continuous process where findings lead to new questions and further research. Analytical Utilizes proven analytical methods to gather and interpret data. Replicable Research designs and procedures can be repeated to verify results. Critical Involves careful judgment and a high level of confidence in findings. -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- **[TYPES OF RESEARCH]** 1. - - 2. - 3. - **[RESEARCH METHODS]** - 1. **DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH** - - - 2. **HISTORICAL RESEARCH** - - - 3. **EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH** - - - 4. **EX POST FACTO RESEARCH** - - - - 5. **CASE STUDY RESEARCH** - - - - **[RESEARCH FOR IT COURSES]** - - - - **[CAPSTONE PROJECTS VS THESIS]** - - - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Thesis Capstone Project A systematic investigation of a problem that can be solved using Computing. An undertaking appropriate to a professional field that significantly addresses an existing problem or need. Focuses on theoretical aspects and may not have immediate practical applications. Focuses on practical applications and solutions to real-world problems. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- **[RESEARCH AND DESIGN (ASHLEY KARR 2013)]** - - - ------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------- **Element** **Description** Research Purpose Systematic investigation to establish new facts and conclusions Design Purpose Creating functional solutions to identified problems ------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------- **[Characteristics of Good Research]** - **IT research**, often in the form of **capstone projects**, is considered **applied research**. - Capstone projects in IT focus on practical solutions and design. - **Applied research** in IT **differs** from **social research** in **non-IT courses.** **[SUGGESTED RESAERCH PROJECTS FOR IT]** - **IT track projects** include **software customization**, **web applications development, and IT security analysis.** - Projects focus on areas like **multimedia systems, network design, and software development.** - Each project aims to **address specific IT challenges and requirements.** ------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------- IT Track Suggested Research Project Software Customization Customizing **software solutions** for specific needs Web Applications Developing **web-based applications with live server testing** Game Development Creating **interactive gaming solutions** ------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------- **[COMPUTER SCIENCE RESEARCH AREAS]** - **Software and Development Theory** - - - - - **Mobile Computing Systems** - - - - - **Expert Systems and Decision Support System** - - - - - **Bioinformatics** - - - - - **Parallel Computing** - - - - **MODULE 2** **[IMPORTANCE OF QUALITY DATA IN RESEARCH]** - - - - **[CLASSIFYING DATA SOURCES]** - - **[CATEGORIES OF DATA FROM RESPONDENTS]** - - - - - - **[KEY PEOPLE]** - - **[IMPORTANCE AND ADVANTAGES OF SAMPLING]** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. **[SAMPLING CONCEPTS AND TERMINOLOGIES]** - - - - - - - **[TYPES OF SAMPLING]** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ---------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- **Type of Sampling** **Description** Accidental Sampling No systematic selection, based on chance encounters. Quota Sampling Specific numbers of individuals from different categories are included. Convenience Sampling Selection of readily available individuals for quick responses. Pure Random Sampling Equal chance of selection for every individual in the population. Stratified Sampling Random selection from different population strata. ---------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- **[DATA GATHERING TECHNIQUES]** ----------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Technique Description **Observation** Directly gathering information by **watching subjects** in their natural environment. **Interview** A **face-to-face interaction** to collect detailed information from respondents. **Survey** A **structured questionnaire** used to gather data from a larger group of people. ----------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- **[TYPES OF INTERVIEW]** 1. **Standardized**: **Pre-set questions (structured**). 2. **Non-standardized**: **Flexible, open-ended questions (unstructured)**. **[TYPES OF SURVEYS]** - **Personal, phone, mail, or online (e.g., Google Forms)**. **[TYPE OF SURVEY QUESTIONS]** 1. **Free-answer**: Respondent answers in their **own words**. 2. **Guided-response**: Respondent **selects from given options** (e.g., multiple-choice, dichotomous questions). 3. **Descriptive (verbal) data** 4. **Quantified**: **Numerical data** (e.g., age, bandwidth). 5. **Intensity of feeling,emotion, or attitud**e: Measures intensity of **feeling** (e.g., agree/disagree). 6. **Degree of judgement** **[POINTERS IN INTERVIEW]** 1. Plan the interview. (Preparatory step) 2. Select the place for interview. 3. Establish rapport. 4. Carry out the interview. 5. Record the interview 6. Close the interview. **[IMPORTANCE OF DATA]** - **Data** is **vital for research** success. - **Primary and secondary sources** provide **valuable information**. - **Sampling** helps in **selecting a valid number** of respondents. - **Data** can be gathered through **observation, interviews, and surveys.** - Example: Using data from previous studies to support new research findings. **[SIGNIFICANCE OF SAMPLING IN RESEARCH]** - **Sampling** is **crucial** in research as it allows researchers to make **inferences** about a **larger population** based on a subset of data. - It helps in **reducing costs and time** by studying a portion of the population rather than the entire group. - Enables researchers to **generalize findings and draw conclusions** with a **certain level of confidence**. - Provides a **practical way** to **gather data**, especially when studying large populations where it\'s impractical to collect data from every individual. - Helps in **minimizing bias and ensuring the reliability and validity of research outcomes.** **[BEST SAMPLING METHOD FOR IT RESEARCH]** - For IT research, the **best sampling method** is often **Stratified Sampling.** - This method involves **dividing the population into subgroups** based on certain characteristics relevant to the research. - Ensures representation from each subgroup, making the sample **more reflective** of the entire population. - Particularly useful in IT research where different subgroups may have varying levels of expertise or experience. - **[Enhances the precision and accuracy of results by accounting for diversity within the population.]** **[DETERMINING SAMPLE SIZE WITH MARGIN OF ERROR]** 1. **Population Size Calculation**: Determine the **size of the study** population based on the **scope and limitations** of the study. 2. **Margin of Error**: Aim for a **margin of error not exceeding** 5%, with 3% being an ideal target. **MODULE 3** **[FORMULATIONG A RESEARCH]** - - - - - - **[RESEARCH PROBLEM ELEMTS]** - - - - - **[PROBLEM]** - - **[RESEARCH PROBLEM]** - **[ELEMENTS OF A RESEARCH PROBLEM]** 1. Aim or purpose 2. Subject matter or topic 3. Period of time 4. Place or locale 5. Population or universe **[GUIDELINES IN THE SELECTION OF A RESEARCH PROBLEM OR TOPIC]** 1. Chosen by the researcher himself 2. Within the interest of the researcher 3. Within the specialization of the resercher 4. Within the competence of the researcher to tackle 5. Within the ability of the researcher to finance 6. Researchable and manageable **[GUIDELINES IN THE SELECTION OF A RESEARCH PROBLEM OR TOPIC]** 1. Completed within a reasonable period of time 2. Significant, important and relevant to the present time situation and current interest 3. Results are practical and implementable 4. Can ve delimited 5. Must contribute to the fun of human knowledge 6. Must be a goal for the improvement of quality of human life **[GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE RESEARCH TITLE]** 1. Title is formulated before the start of the research work. Maybe revised and refined later 2. Must contain the subject matter and the locale of the study. Generic or not for a specific organization 3. Must be broad enough to include all aspects of the subject matter 4. Must be brief and concise as possible 5. Title contains more than one line (inverted pyramid) **[WRTING THE CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTION]** 1. **THE PROJECT CONTEXT** - 2. **PROJECT OBJECTIVES** - 3. **SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY** - 4. **SCOPE AND LIMITATION** - 5. **DEFINITION OF TERMS** - **[PROJECT CONTEXT]** - - - - - - - - **[OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY]** - - **[SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY]** - **[SCOPE AND LIMITATION]** - - - **[DEFINITION OF TERMS]** - - - - - - - -