Cell Cycle and Cell Division NEET UG PDF

Lecture 01 to 06 Botany Cell Cycle and Cell Division Rupesh Chaudhary Sir Topic : NCERT BOOSTER How many statement are correct A. Cell division important in few Living organism B. During cell division, only DNA replication occur but not cell growth C. Cell division, DNA replicatio...

Lecture 01 to 06 Botany Cell Cycle and Cell Division Rupesh Chaudhary Sir Topic : NCERT BOOSTER How many statement are correct A. Cell division important in few Living organism B. During cell division, only DNA replication occur but not cell growth C. Cell division, DNA replication, cell growth occur random D. Cell growth in terms of cytoplasmic increase is discontinue process E. DNA synthesis occur during one specific stage F. Replicated chromosome (DNA) distributed to daughter nucleus by complex series of event and this event under genetic control Options A 6 B 4 C 5 D 2 Correct statement A Typical eukaryotes cell is human cell, which divide twice in 24 hours B Duration of cell vary from organism to organism but not cell to cell C Yeast cell cycle duration is 90 hours D Cell cycle divided into two phase -Interphase & M phase (mitotic phase) Correct statement A M phase -when actual cell division/mitosis occur & interphase represent the phase between two M phase B Human cell divide last for one hour in 24 hours C Interphase more than 95% of cell cycle D all are correct Correct statement A M phase start with cytokinesis and end with karyokinesis Interphase is resting phase, cell is preparing for division have both cell growth and DNA B replication in orderly manner C interphase divided into gap 1, S phase & G2 phase D (B) & (C) are correct Correct statement A. G1 interval between mitosis & initiation of DNA replication B. Cell actively, grown but replicate DNA C. S phase - DNA REPLICATION occur, DNA amount increase to 4C if initial amount is 2C But no increase in chromosome number after S phase D. Chromosome number remain as 2N E. DNA replication begin in cytoplasm & centriole duplication in nucleus E. In G-2 cell growth stop F. In G-2 protein Are synthesis for mitosis Option A 6 B 5 C 4 D 2 Incorrect statement A Some cell in adult (heart cell) Do not divide and enter permanent in G0 phase Some cell divide occasionally to replace the lost cell due to injury, they enter into B G0 temporary C G0 is inactive phase, cell is metabolic inactive in this phase and G0 is a part of interphase (cell cycle ) D Cell do not proliferate unless they are called on to do so in G0 phase Correct statement A In animal, mitotic division seen only in haploid cell B In male hone bee diploid cell undergoes mitosis C in plant both haploid & diploid cell undergoes mitosis D none Correct statement A M phase : dramatic period of interphase ,involving reorganisation of all component of cell B Number if chromosomes in parent & daughter progeny same so called reductional division C Mitosis (karyokinesis) divided into four stages & M phase divided into karyokinesis & cytokinesis D Cell division (M phase) is progressive process and clear cut line can be drawn between different stages How many statement are Correct A. Prophase is second stage of karyokinesis of mitosis & it follow S & G2 phase of interphase B. In S & G2 phase DNA Are distinct but not intertwined C. initiation of condensation of chromosome material in prophase D. Centrosme which duplicate in G2 phase starts moving towards opposite pole E. Compact chromosome formed composed of one chromatid only F. Each centrosome radiate microtubule called aster G. The two aster together with spindle fibre called mitotic apparatus H. Cell at end of prophase show Golgi body, ER, nucleolus & nuclear membrane Options A 5 B 6 C 4 D 3 Assertion: In mitotic metaphase, morphology of chromosomes can be studied easily. Reason: Condensation of chromosomes is completed in this stage. A If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. B If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion. C If Assertion is true but Reason is false. D If both Assertion and Reason are false. Which of the following is incorrect? A The complete disintegration of the nuclear envelope marks the start of the first phase of mitosis. Metaphase chromosomes are made of two sister B chromatids held together by the centromere. Small disc shaped structures at the surface of C centromeres are called kinetochores. D Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores of chromosomes Which is not true about metaphase? (a) The chromosome comes to lie at the equator during metaphase. (b) A chromosome is joined by only one spindle fiber from one pole. (c) The plane of alignment of the chromosomes at metaphase is referred to as metaphasic plate. (d) Mitotic anaphase and metaphase have the same number of chromosomes. (e) Mitotic anaphase chromosome contains half the number of chromatids as compared to metaphase. A b, d and e B Only d and e C Only b D Only b and d How many statement are correct (Metaphase) A. Complete disintegration of nuclear envelope marks first phase of mitosis B. Chromosome not spread in cytoplasm but present in nucleus C. Condensation of chromosome completed so visible under microscope but it’s morphology can’t be studied D. Chromosome consist of two chromatid held by centromere E. Small disc Like structure present over centromere called kinetochore helps in attachment of spindle fibre and its nature is lipid F. Chromosome come at equator H. One chromatid connected by kinetochore to spindle fibre from pole and same for another chromatid which is connected to another pole I. The plane of alignment of centromere from metaphase plate A 8 B 7 C 6 D 5 Find the incorrect statement (a) During anaphase, centromere splits and chromatids separate. (b) During anaphase, chromatids move to opposite poles (c) During anaphase, as each chromosome moves away from the equatorial plate, the centromere of each chromosome is towards the pole and arms of chromosomes trail behind. (d) Anaphase is the longest phase of mitosis A All are correct B Only d is incorrect C c and d is incorrect D b and c are incorrect How many statement are Correct A. At the beginning of final stage of M phase (telophase) chromosome reach at opposite pole decondense and lose their identity B. Individual chromosome can no longer be seen but decondense form chromatin appear C. Chromatin material collect at opposite pole D. Nucleolus, GB, ER Are not reformed E. Nuclear envelope develop around chromosome at each pole forming two nucleus Options A 4 B 3 C 2 D 1 How many statement are correct A. Mitosis cause segregation of duplicated chromosome into daughter nucleus (karyokinesis) B. Cell is not divided into two daughter cell by separation of cytoplasm called cytokinesis C. Cytokinesis occur at the end of cell division & occur in telophase D. In animal cell cytokinesis occur by cell plate method Option A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 How many statement are correct A. In animal cell cytokinesis occur due to furrow formation in cell membrane B. Furrow move centre to periphery C. Furrow gradually deepens and join in centre D. Plant cell wall is extensible E. In plant cell, wall formation start in centre and grow periphery or outward to meet existing lateral wall F. The formation of new cell wall begins with simple percuteer called middle lamella G. At the end of cytokinesis organelle Like Mitochondria & plastid distributed between two daughter cell Option A 4 B 5 C 4 D 6 Syncytium A Karyokinesis is not followed by cytokinesis B Multinucleated condition arise C Liquid endosperm in coconut D All of these  Topic : NCERT BOOSTER Correct statement A Mitosis is equational division restricted to haploid cell only B In some lower plant and social insect haploid cell also divide by meiosis C Both are correct D None How many statement are correct A. Mitosis produce diploid daughter cell with non identical genetic complement B. Growth of multicellular organism due to meiosis C. Cell growth results in disturbing ratio between nucleus and cytoplasm so cell divide to maintain or restore nucleocytoplasmic ratio D. Mitosis do not contribute in cell repair E. Cell of upper layer of epidermis. Cells lining gut, blood vessel Are being constantly replaced F. Mitosis occur in meristematic tissue -apical and lateral cambium result in limited growth of plant throughout their life Options A 5 B 4 C 3 D 2 How many statement are correct statement A. The production of offspring by sexual reproduction include fusion of gamete, each with diploid set of chromosome B. Gamete formed by haploid cell C. Meiosis maintain the same chromosome number & produce haploid daughter cell D. Meiosis ensure haploid phase in life cycle of sexually reproducing organism & fertilisation restore the diploid phase in progeny E. Meiosis occur during gametogenesis in plants & animal F. Meiosis produce diploid gametes A 5 B 4 C 3 D 2 How many statement are correct A. Nuclear and cytoplasm division occur twice B Cell division occur twice C. DNA Replication occur twice and centriole duplication single D. Meiosis involve meiosis 1 and meiosis 2 only E Two haploid cells are formed at end of meiosis - 1 F. Four haploid cell Are formed at end of meiosis - 2 G. Meiosis initiated after duplication of parental chromosome (DNA) in S phase where identical sister chromatid produce Options A 6 B 5 C 4 D 3 Prophase -1 A Prophase of meiosis 1 is shorter & elaborate (complex) compare to prophase of mitosis B Divided into 5 phase C Leptotene, Zygotene, pachytene, Diakinesis & Diplotene Are the correct sequence D all Are incorrect Leptotene A Chromosome gradually visible in light microscope B Compaction or condensation of chromosome not occur C Leptotene followed by third stage of prophase -1 called zygotene D all Are correct Zygotene A Pairing of non homologous chromosome - Synapsis B Pairing occur by help of simple structure - synaptonemal complex Complex formed by synapsed homologous chromosome called bivalent or C tetrad which is more visible in zygotene not pachytene stage D all are incorrect How many statement are correct (pachytene ) A. First two stage of prophase -1 is long lived compare to next stage - pachytene B. Four chromatid of each bivalent chromosome become indistinct & clearly appear as tetrad C. Recombination nodule formed, the site where crossing over occurred between sister chromatid of homologous chromosome D. Croasing over is Exchange of genetic material between sister chromatid of homologous chromosome with the help of enzyme -Recombinase E. Crossing over lead to recombination of genetic material and occur at the starting of crossing over, leaving the chromosome linked at site of cross over Options A all Are incorrect B 1 C 3 D 2 Correct statement (Diplotene) A beginning of Diplotene is occur by formation of synaptonemal complex B homologous chromosome of bivalent start separating each other even at the cross over site C chiasmata is formed at the site of cross over D Diplotene can’t suspend for month or years in oocyte of some vertebrate Correct stage (Diakinesis) A terminalisation of chiasmata not occur and this is final stage of mitotic prophase chromosome are fully condensed and spindle fibre is assemble to prepare the homologous B chromosome for seperation C nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear by the beginning of Diakinesis D it represent transition to metaphase -2 Correct statement (Metaphase-1) A bivalent chromosome align on equatorial plate B one equatorial plate formed C microtubule from opposite pole of spindle attach to kinetochore of homologous chromosome D Both A & C Are correct Correct statement (Anaphase -1) A Homologus chromosome not seperate B splitting of centromere occur Homologus chromosome seperate & sister chromatid do not seperate and attach to C centromere D None how many statement are Correct (telophase -1) A. Nuclelolus & nuclear membrane disappear B. cytokinesis occur and tetrad of cells are formed C. chromosome do not undergoes some dispersion &they reach extremely extended state of interphase nucleus D. stage between two meiotic division called interkinesis and it is long lived E. DNA replication and centriole duplication occur in interkinesis F. interkinesis followed by prophase -2 which is complex than prophase -1 A 6 B 0 C 2 D 1 Topic : NCERT BOOSTER Correct statement (prophase 2) A Meiosis -2 resemble mitosis and both are called Reductional division B Meiosis 2 start immediately after cytokinesis usually before chromosome fully elongate C Chromosome become loose D Nuclear membrane reappear Correct statement (Metaphase 2) A Chromosome do not align at equator B Chromosome align at equator and 2 metaphasic plate formed C Chromosome align at equator and 1 metaphasic plate formed D spindle do not attach to kinetochore of sister chromatid Correct statement (Anaphase -2) A splitting of centromere occur B splitting of centromere do not occur C elongation of microtubule attached to kinetochore D (A) and (C) Correct statement (telophase 2) A Meiosis end with telophase -1 B Two group of chromosome do not enclosed by nuclear membrane C Cytokinesis occur and formation of two cells occur D None Significance of meiosis Conservation of chromosome number from generation to generation in sexually reproducing A organism even though process paradoxically result in reduction of chromosome number by half B Genetic variability C Evolution D All