NEET Past Years Botany Trend PDF

1 The Living World Past Years NEET Trend 6 5 4 No. of MCQs 3 2 1 0 2021 2020 2019 2018...

1 The Living World Past Years NEET Trend 6 5 4 No. of MCQs 3 2 1 0 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 Investigation Report TARGET EXAM PREDICTED NO. OF MCQs CRITICAL CONCEPTS Binomial nomenclature NEET 0-1 Taxonomic category Taxonomical aids Perfect Practice Plan Topicwise Questions Learning Plus Multiconcept MCQs NEET Past 10 Years Questions Total MCQs 91 31 26 9 157 INTRODUCTION The lower organisms like yeast and Hydra, reproduce The complex organisation of molecules that have the tendency by budding. In Planaria (flat worms), the mode of to express themselves through various chemical reactions are reproduction is true regeneration, i.e., a fragmented designated as living beings. organism regenerates the lost part of its body and becomes a new organism. The basic purpose of these reactions is to produce and utilise energy which lead to growth, development, responsiveness, The fungi, the filamentous algae, the protonema of reproduction and other characteristics of life. mosses, all easily multiply by fragmentation. The living beings live in different types of habitats like forests, Unicellular organisms such as bacteria, unicellular algae mountains, deserts, oceans, freshwater bodies, hot springs, or Amoeba, reproduction is synonymous with growth, polar regions, etc. i.e., increase in number of cells. WHAT IS ‘LIVING’?  KEY NOTE There are certain distinctive characteristics exhibited by living Many organisms such as mules, sterile worker bees, infertile organisms which distinguish them from non-living. human couples, etc., do not reproduce. Hence, reproduction also cannot be an all-inclusive defining characteristic of UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF living organisms. LIVING ORGANISMS 3. Metabolism and Cellular Organisation The most distinctive features exhibited by living organisms includes: All living organisms are made up of chemicals. These 1. Growth chemicals, small and big, belonging to various classes, All living organisms have the capacity to grow. sizes, functions, etc., are constantly being made and In plants, growth occurs continuously throughout changed into some other biomolecules. These conversions their life span. In animals, this growth is seen only up are chemical reactions or metabolic reactions. to a certain age. However, cell division occurs in certain The sum total of all the chemical reactions occurring in tissues to replace lost cells our body is called metabolism. No non-living object exhibits metabolism. Growth of an individual organism has two characteristics An isolated metabolic reaction(s) outside the body of (twin characters): an organism, performed in a test tube is neither living (i) Increase in body mass nor non-living. Hence, while metabolism is a defining (ii) Increase in number feature of all living organisms without exception. In majority of higher animals and plants, growth and Isolated metabolic reactions in vitro are not living things reproduction are mutually exclusive events. One but surely living reactions. Hence, cellular organisation must remember that increase in body mass is considered of the body is the defining feature of life forms. as growth. 4. Conciousness Non-living objects also grow by accumulation of The most obvious and technically complicated feature of all material on the surface. E.g., mountains, boulders and living organisms is the ability to sense their surroundings sand mounds. Growth, therefore, cannot be taken as a or environment and respond to these environmental stimuli defining property of living organisms. which could be physical, chemical or biological. All organisms, from the prokaryotes to the most complex eukaryotes can sense and respond to environmental  KEY NOTE cues. Plants respond to external factors like light, water, In living organisms, the growth is internal but in non-living temperature, other organisms, pollutants, etc. organisms, the growth is external. Photoperiod affects reproduction in seasonal breeders, both plants and animals. All organisms handle chemicals 2. Reproduction entering their bodies. Reproduction is a characteristic of living organisms. All organisms therefore are ‘aware’ of their surroundings. No non-living object is capable of reproducing or  KEY NOTE replicating by itself. Human being is the only organism who is aware of In multicellular organisms, reproduction refers to the himself, i.e., has self-consciousness. Consciousness production of progeny possessing features more or therefore becomes the defining property of living less similar to those of parents. organisms. Organisms reproduce by both sexual and asexual means. “Living organisms are self-replicating, evolving and For example, fungi multiply and spread easily due to the self-regulating interactive systems capable of millions of asexual spores they produce. responding to external stimuli.” 6 Dropper NEET DIVERSITY IN THE LIVING WORLD Binomial Nomenclature Biodiversity refers to the number and types of organisms Binomial nomenclature was proposed by Carolus Linnaeus. present on earth. The number of species that are known He proposed scientific naming of plants in his book “Species and described range between 1.7 - 1.8 million. plantarum” The system of providing a name with two components is Systematics called Binomial nomenclature. It is the study of different kinds of organisms, their diversities In binomial nomenclature, each scientific name has two and relationships among them. components– The word ‘systematics’ is derived from the Latin word (i) Generic name (genus) ‘Systema’ which means systematic arrangement of organisms. Linnaeus used Systema Naturae as the title of his publication. (ii) Specific epithet (species) Systematics takes into account evolutionary relationships Example, Mangifera indica Linn. Here Mangifera is the genus between organisms. name and indica represents the species. Linn indicates that this species was first described by Linnaeus. The scope of systematics later included identification, nomenclature and classification. Universal Rules of Nomenclature (i) Biological names are generally in Latin and written NEED TO KNOW in italics. They are Latinised or derived from Latin Neosystematics is a concept of systematics which bring out irrespective of their origin. taxonomic affinity on the basis of evolutionary, genetic and (ii) The first word in a biological name represents the morphological features. This concept was developed by genus while the second component denotes the specific Julian Huxley in 1940. epithet. (iii) Both the words in a biological name, when handwritten, Taxonomy are separately underlined, or printed in italics to The term taxonomy was first introduced by A.P. de Candolle. indicate their Latin origin. Characterisation, identification, classification and nomenclature (iv) The first word denoting the genus starts with a capital are the processes that are basic to taxonomy. letter while the specific epithet starts with a small letter. Taxonomy Includes It can be illustrated with the example of Mangifera 1. Characterization: It is based on the understanding indica. of characters of organisms like external and internal (v) The name of the author is written in an abbreviated structure (morphology and anatomy), the structure of form after the species epithet (at the end of the the cell (cytology), developmental process (embryology) biological name) and it is printed in Roman. and ecological information (ecology) of organism. 2. Identification: It is the correct description of organism Advantages of Binomial Nomenclature to determine the exact place or position in taxonomic (i) The biological name are same all over the world. arrangement the taxonomy. (ii) They are definite and accepted universally. 3. Classification: It is the placing of an organism or a (iii) All newly discovered plants and animals can be named, group of organisms into convenient categories based on classified and described easily. easily observable characteristics. 4. Nomenclature: The naming of living organisms such TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES that a particular organism is known by the same name The system of organising organisms in a definite sequence all over the world is called nomenclature. of various taxonomic categories in a descending order is The names are of two types - vernacular names called taxonomic hierarchy. It was first proposed by Carolus (common names) and scientific names. Linnaeus. Scientific names: These are the names given to the Each category, referred to as a unit of classification, represents organisms by biologists based on universally accepted a rank and is commonly termed as taxon. (pl: Taxa) principles and criteria. Taxonomic categories and hierarchy can be illustrated by The scientific names ensure that each organism has only an example. Insects represent a group of organisms sharing one name. Description of any organism should enable the common features like three pairs of jointed legs. It means insects people (in any part of the world) to arrive at the same name. are recognisable concrete objects which can be classified, To accomplish this, certain international codes have and thus were given a rank or category. been established. These codes are Each rank or taxon, in fact, represents a unit of classification. ICBN-International Code for Botanical Nomenclature These taxonomic groups/categories are distinct biological ICZN-International Code for Zoological Nomenclature entities and not merely morphological aggregates. The Living World 7 The basic requirement is the knowledge of characters of an Among animals, genus Panthera, comprising lion, individual or group of organisms. This helps in identifying tiger, leopard is put along with genus, Felis (cats) in the similarities and dissimilarities among the individuals of the family Felidae. Dogs are places in the family canidae. same kind of organisms as well as of other kinds of organisms. 4. Order There are seven main taxonomic categories. They are called Being a higher category, order is the assemblage of obligate categories, i.e., they are strictly used at the time of any organism’s classification. families which exhibit a few similar characters. There are some extra categories, like sub-division, sub-order, Plant families like Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae are sub-family etc. They are not regularly used. They are used included in the order Polymoniales mainly based on the only when they are needed. floral characters. The seven main taxonomic categories are: The animal order, Carnivora, includes families like Felidae (cat family) and Canidae (dog family). 1. Species The term ‘species’ was first time used by John Ray. 5. Class Taxonomic studies consider a group of individual It includes related orders having common characters. organisms with fundamental similarities as a species. E.g., Order Primata (comprising monkey, gorilla and Two species can be distinguished on the basis of distinct gibbon) is placed in class Mammalia along with order morphological differences. Carnivora (includes tiger, cat and dog). 6. Phylum  KEY NOTE It is the lowest taxon or category in the biological Classes having same features in common constitute the classification. So the basic unit of taxonomy is species. next higher category called phylum. Phylum Chordata includes classes like fishes, Each genus may have one or more than one specific amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals with the epithets representing different organisms, but having common features. morphological similarities, e.g., Panthera has another (i) Presence of notochord. specific epithet called tigris and Solanum includes species like nigrum and melongena. (ii) Presence of dorsal hollow neural system. 2. Genus Genus comprises a group of related species which has  KEY NOTE more characters in common in comparison to species of In case of plants, classes with few similar characters other genera. are assigned to a higher category called division. Genera are aggregates of closely related species. 7. Kingdom E.g., potato and brinjal are two different species but both All organisms whether plants or animals belonging to belong to the genus Solanum. various phyla are assigned to the highest category Lion (Panthera leo), leopard (P. pardus) and tiger (P. called Kingdom. tigris) with several common features, are all species of the genus Panthera. This genus differs from another Kingdom Plantae, is distinct and comprises all plants genus Felis which includes cats. from various divisions. 3. Family  KEY NOTE Family has a group of related genera with still less As we go higher from species to kingdom, the number number of similarities as compared to genus and species. of common characteristics goes on decreasing. Lower the taxa, more are the characteristics that the  KEY NOTE members within the taxon share. Families are characterised on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species. Taxonomic categories showing hierarchial arrangement in ascending order: For example among plants, three different genera Solanum, Petunia and Datura are placed in the family Species → Genus → Family → Order → Class → Solanaceae. Phylum or Division → Kingdom 8 Dropper NEET  Table: Organisms with their Taxonomic Categories Common Biological Name Genus Family Order Class Phylum/Division Name Man Homo sapiens Homo Hominidae Primata Mammalia Chordata Housefly Musca domestica Musca Muscidae Diptera Insecta Arthropoda Mango Mangifera indica Mangifera Anacardiaceae Sapindales Dicotyledonae Angiospermae Wheat Triticum aestivum Triticum Poaceae Poales Monocotyledonae Angiospermae TAXONOMICAL AIDS  KEY NOTE Taxonomical aids are used for identification and classification The herbarium sheets carry a label providing information of an organism, and the information gathered is stored along about date and place of collection, English, local and with the specimens. botanical names, family, collector’s name, etc. Taxonomic studies of various species of plants, animals and Herbaria also serve as quick referral systems in other organisms are useful in agriculture, forestry, industry taxonomical studies. The standard size of herbarium sheet is 29 × 42 cm. A label of and in understanding our bio-resources and their diversity. 6.5 ×10.5 cm or 8 ×12 cm is attached at corner of herbarium The collection of actual specimens of plant and animal sheet for providing various information about specimen. species is essential and is the prime source of taxonomic studies. These are also fundamental to studies and The sequential order of steps takes place during essential for training in systematics. herbarium technique is collection, drying, poisoning, It is used for classification of an organism, and the mounting, stiching, labelling, identification, filing of information gathered is also stored along with the specimens, storing and maintenance of index register specimens. In some cases the specimen is preserved for NEED TO KNOW future studies. Biologists have established certain procedures and For the preservation of herbarium sheet for a long period techniques to store and preserve the information as well after the mounting of plant, it is treated with CuSO4 or 0.1% as the specimens. mercuric chloride to avoid decoration The important taxonomic aids are herbaria, botanical 2. Botanical Gardens gardens, museums, zoological parks and keys. These specialised gardens have collections of living 1. Herbarium plants for reference. Plant species in these gardens are Herbarium is a store house of collected plant specimens grown for identification purposes and each plant is labelled that are dried, pressed and preserved on sheets. indicating its botanical/scientific name and its family. These sheets are arranged according to a universally The famous botanical gardens are at Kew (England), accepted system of classification. Indian Botanical Garden, Howrah (India) and at National These specimens, along with their descriptions on herbarium sheets, become a store house or repository Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), Lucknow (India). for future use. Objectives of botanical Gardens: Rare and endemic species of plants are conserved under ex situ conservation. These are helpful to supply living plant resources for research, identification and classification. These are the sites of germplasm collection of selected plants and their wild relatives. They provide materials and seeds for research. They act as research stations as well as acclimatisation centres for the introduction of economically useful Fig.: Herbarium showing stored specimens plants. They provide aesthetically pleasing environment. The Living World 9  NEED TO KNOW OTHER TAXONOMICAL AIDS 1. Key Special Kinds of Gardens: Key is used for identification of plants and animals Arboretum : Main collection of woody species. based on the similarities and dissimilarities. They are Bambusetum (Bambuseta): Main collection of Bamboos. based on the contrasting characters generally in a Orchidarium (Orchidaria): A garden containing collection pair called couplet. of orchids, E.g., National orchidaria in BSI, Shillong and It represents the choice made between two opposite options. Coimbatore. This results in acceptance of only one and rejection of the Pinetum : Main collection of conifers. other. 3. Museum Each statement in the key is called a lead. Museums have collections of preserved plant and animal Separate taxonomic keys are required for each specimens for study and reference. taxonomic category such as family, genus and species Biological museums are generally set up in educational for identification purposes. institutes such as schools and colleges. Keys are generally analytical in nature. Specimens are preserved in the containers or jars in It is of two types: preservative solutions. Plant and animal specimens may also be preserved as dry specimens. (i) Bracketed keys: They are most popular keys in Museums often have collections of skeletons of animals which the pairs of contrasting choices are given numbers in brackets and the user can pick up the too. correct choice.  KEY NOTE (ii) Indented or Yoked key: It has sequence of choice between two or more statements of characters of Method of insect preservation – After collecting, species. killing and pinning, insects are preserved in insect 2. Flora boxes. It contains the actual account of habitat and distribution Method of preservation of larger animals – Birds of plants of a given area. and mammals are stuffed and preserved. These provide the index to the plant species found 4. Zoological Parks in a particular area. These are the places where wild animals are kept in 3. Manuals protected environments under human care and which Manuals are useful in providing information for enable us to learn about their food habits and behaviour. identification of names of species found in an area. All animals in a zoo are provided, as far as possible, 4. Monographs the conditions similar to their natural habitats. Children It is a book that provides all the available information love visiting these parks, commonly called zoos. about a taxon like genus, family or higher catergory at the time of publication. National Zoological park, Delhi was established in 1959. It is one of the finest zoo of Asia. Monographs contain information on any one taxon. 10 Dropper NEET  Topicwise Questions WHAT IS LIVING? 9. Growth, development and functioning of living body is due to 1. Among the following which can be a common feature (a) Order exhibited by both living and non-living? (b) Homeostasis (a) Growth (b) Reproduction (c) Metabolism (c) Metabolism (d) Cellular organisation (d) Adaptation 2. How many (in number) of the following properties are 10. Which is the most important criteria but generally not the defining characteristics of living organisms? used for the identification of the species? Growth, reproduction, metabolism, cellular organisation, (a) Interbreeding (b) Morphology consciousness (c) Genetic material (d) Anatomy (a) 2 (b) 3 11. Match the column-I and column-II, and choose the (c) 4 (d) 5 correct combination from the options given. 3. Self-consciousness (the awareness of himself) is the property of Column - I Column - II A. Fungi i. Asexual spores (a) All living organisms (b) Prokaryotes only B. Amoeba ii. Binary fission (c) Eukaryotes only (d) Human being only C. Hydra and Yeast iii. True regeneration 4. Twin characteristics of growth are D. Planaria iv. Budding (a) Increase in length (a) A–i, B–ii, C–iii, D–iv (b) A–i, B–ii, C–iv, D–iii (b) Increase in width (c) A–ii, B–i, C–iv, D–iii (d) A–iii, B–i, C–ii, D–iv (c) Increase in mass and number 12. Which of the following organisms are multiplied by (d) Both (a) and (b) fragmentation? 5. Growth and reproduction are mutually exclusive events in A. Fungi B. All algae (a) Lower plants C. Protonema of mosses (b) Lower animals (a) A and B (b) A, B and C (c) Higher animals and plants (c) B and C (d) A and C (d) Unicellular organisms DIVERSITY IN LIVING WORLD 6. Non-living objects also grow if we take increase in body 13. ICBN stands for mass as a criterion for growth. In mountains, boulders (a) International code for Botanical Nomenclature and sand mounds growth is from (b) International code for Binomial Nomenclature (a) Outside (b) Inside (c) International code for Botanical Naming (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above (d) International code for Binomial Naming 7. The most important feature of all living systems is to (a) Utilise oxygen to generate energy 14. In Mangifera indica, indica indicates (b) Replicate the genetic information. (a) Name of the genus (b) Name of the species (c) Produce gametes (c) Specific epithet (d) Both (b) and (c) (d) Utilise solar energy for metabolic activities. 15. ICZN codes for: 8. The sum total of chemical reactions occurring in our (a) International code of zoological Nomenclature body is called (b) International code of zoological Naming (a) Metabolism (b) Homeostasis (c) International coding of zoological Nomenclature (c) Irritability (d) Catabolism (d) Inbreeding code of zoological Nomenclature The Living World 11 16. The science of giving names to living organisms is called 26. Human beings were since long, not only interested in (a) Nomenclature (b) Identification knowing more about different kinds of organisms and (c) Classification (d) Characterization their diversities, but also the relationship among them. This branch of study is referred to as 17. In binomial nomenclature, the name of an organism consists of (a) Classification (b) Systematics (a) A scientific and a common name (c) Taxonomy (d) All of the above (b) Name of genus and species 27. Which of the following are the basic processes of (c) A name given by two scientists taxonomy? (d) One name is Latin, other is common (a) Characterisation and classification 18. In relation to the biological or scientific names, which is (b) Identification and nomenclature wrong? (c) Both (a) and (b) (a) Scientific names are generally in Latin and printed in (d) None of the above Italics 28. Nomenclature or naming is only possible when the (b) Scientific names ensure that one organism has only organism is described correctly and we know to what one name organism the name is attached to. This is known as (c) Scientific names are used all over the world (a) Taxonomy (b) Classification (d) One scientific name can be used for two related species (c) Identification (d) Binomial system 19. Biological names, when hand written, should necessary 29. There is a need to standardise the naming of living be: organisms such that a particular organism is known by (a) Underlined (b) Bold (antics) the same name all over the world. This process is called (c) In capital letter (d) Italics (a) Systematics (b) Nomenclature 20. The word systematics is derived from (c) Cytotaxonomy (d) Taxonomy (a) Greek word systema (b) Italic word systema 30. In a scientific name, the name of the author is printed in (c) Latin word systema (d) English word systema (a) Capital letters (b) Bold (antics) 21. An important criterion for modern day classification is (c) Italics (d) Abbreviated form (a) Resemblances in morphology (b) Anatomical and physiological traits 31. Which ensure that each organism has only one name all over the world? (c) Breeding habits (d) Presence or absence of notochord (a) Scientific name (b) Local name 22. Phenetic classification is based on (c) Trivial name (d) All of the above (a) Sexual characteristics 32. Which naming system is practised by biologists all over (b) The ancestral lineage of existing organisms the world? (c) Observable characteristics of existing organisms (a) Binomial system (b) Trivial system (d) Dendograms based on DNA characteristics (c) Artificial system (d) All of the above 23. Huxley is the father of 33. The word ‘systematics’ refer to (a) New systematics (a) Diversity of kinds of organisms and relationships (b) Artificial systematics among them (d) Evolutionary systematics (b) Identification and classification of organisms (d) Natural systematic (c) Identification and nomenclature of organisms 24. Given below is the botanical name of mango. Mark the (d) Nomenclature and classification of organisms option is which the name is correctly written TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES (a) Magnifera Indica (b) Mangifera indica (c) Mangifera Indica (d) Mangifera indica 34. Carl Linnaeus is famous for 25. Who was the first to describe that species is the unit of (a) Coining the term ‘systematics’ classification? (b) Introducing binomial nomenclature (a) John Ray (b) Huxley (c) Giving all natural system of classification (c) Linnaeus (d) Candolle (d) All of these 12 Dropper NEET 35. Taxonomic hierachy is given. Select the correct match: 46. Two individuals belongs to the same species if they (a) Are reproductively isolated Taxonomic category Examples (b) Are morphologically similar (a) Class Sapindales, Insecta (c) Are interbreeding and produces infertile offspring (b) Order Primata, Diptera (d) Are interbreeding and produce fertile offspring (c) Genus Musca, Poales 47. The smallest unit of classification is (a) Family (b) Order (d) Family Triticum, Muscidae (c) Genus (d) Species 36. Which of the following taxa has least number of similar 48. Reproduction can occur within members of a characters? (a) Species (b) Genus (a) Order (b) Family (c) Order (d) Family (c) Division (d) Class GENUS 37. In which of the following taxa, other three are included 49. Linnaeus put similar species into a larger group called itself? the (a) Phylum (b) Order (a) Species (b) Family (c) Class (d) Family (c) Kingdom (d) Genus 38. Unit of classification is 50. Genus Solanum includes (a) Taxon (b) Rank A. Potato B. Brinjal (c) Category (d) All of the above C. Datura D. Tulip 39. Which is essential and is the prime source of taxonomic (a) A and C (b) A and B studies of plants and animals? (c) A and D (d) All of these (a) Identification 51. In a taxonomic hierarchy, genus is interpolated between (b) Nomenclature (a) Kingdom and class (b) Phylum and order (c) Classification (c) Order and species (d) Family and species (d) Collection of actual specimens 52. The taxonomic category below the level of family is 40. The ‘Birds’ taxonomically represent (a) Class (b) Order (a) Family (b) Order (c) Phylum (d) Genus (c) Class (d) Phylum 41. Which of the following taxa are not used by botanists? FAMILY 53. The species (man, housefly, mango, wheat, dog, cat, (a) Kingdom and order (b) Phylum and Family lion, tiger, potato, brinjal, makoi and leopard) given here (c) Suborder and variety (d) Phylum and sub-species belong to how many different families? 42. Mark the odd one in the following: (a) 4 (b) 7 (a) Family (b) Class (c) 5 (d) 6 (c) Taxon (d) Phylum 54. Family and order of Triticum aestivum (wheat) are 43. Which of the following is included in the seven basic (a) Poaceae, Monocotyledonae categories of the hierarchy? (b) Poaceae, Poales (c) Poales, Monocotyledonae (a) Tribe (b) Variety (d) None is correct (c) Family (d) Series 55. The closest category of family is 44. Fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals (a) Phylum (b) Class constitute in the same category, called (c) Division (d) Order (a) Division (b) Phylum 56. The families, Convolvulaceae and Solanaceae are included (c) Order (d) Class in the order polymoniales mainly on the basis of SPECIES (a) Vegetative characters (b) Morphological characters (c) Floral characters (d) Both (a) and (b) 45. Each different kind of plant, animal or organism that you see, represents a 57. Family of man (Homo sapiens) is: (a) Species (b) Genus (a) Hominidae (b) Hominini (c) Population (d) Family (c) Primata (d) Ceboideae The Living World 13 58. The word ending with - aceae indicates: 69. The chemical that is used in preparation of herbarium is (a) Genera (b) Family (a) NAA (b) Mercuric chloride (c) Order (d) Class (c) Carbon disulphide (d) 2, 4-D ORDER AND CLASS 70. Which of the following provide ecological, economical 59. If two plants belong to the same division but in different and ethanobotanical data of any plant species? orders, they may belong to the same (a) Botanical garden (b) Herbarium (a) Genus (b) Family (c) Zoological park (d) Monographs (c) Class (d) Species 60. Order polymoniales include BOTANICAL GARDEN AND MUSEUM (a) Convolvulaceae (b) Solanaceae 71. Insects are preserved in insect boxes after (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these (a) Collecting - Killing - Pinning 61. Poales is the order of (b) Killing - Collecting - Pinning (a) Mango (b) Wheat (c) Killing - Pinning - Collecting (c) Housefly (d) Humans 62. The order generally ends with (d) None of these (a) -ales (b) -aceae 72. National Botanical Research Institute is located in (c) -eae (d) None of these (a) Chennai (b) Lucknow (c) Darjeeling (d) Kolkata PHYLUM OR DIVISION 73. Which taxonomical aid has collection of preserved plant 63. Which of the following categories possess least number and animals specimens for study and reference? of related characters? (a) Herbarium (b) Key (a) Order (b) Phylum (c) Museum (d) Botanical Garden (c) Class (d) Species 74. Which organism are placed in museum after collecting, 64. In case of plants, classes with a few similar characters killing and pinning? are assigned to a higher category called (a) Plants (b) Mammals (a) Phylum (b) Division (c) Birds (d) Insects (c) Order (d) Kingdom 75. In museums, larger animals like birds and mammals are: 65. The taxomomic unit ‘Phylum’ in the classification (a) Collected, killed and pinned of animals is equivalent to which hierarchical level in (b) Stuffed and preserved classification of plants (a) Order (b) Division (c) Preserved in natural habitat (c) Class (d) Family (d) Both (a) and (b) 76. The collection of preserved plants and animals for study HERBARIUM and reference is called: 66. Largest Herbarium in the world situated in (a) Museum (b) Keys (a) Kew (b) L.A. (c) Herbarium (d) Flora (c) Johannesburg (d) Brazil 77. Museum have the collection of 67. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the (a) Insects specimens various steps of herbarium formation? 1. Drying 2. Poisoning (b) Larger animal specimens 3. Collection 4. Labelling (c) Skeleton of animals 5. Mounting 6. Deposition (d) All of the above 7. Stitching 78. Royal Botanical Garden is located at (a) 3 → 1 → 2 → 5 → 7 → 4 → 6 (a) New Delhi (b) Kolkata (b) 3 → 2 → 4 → 5 → 6 → 7 → 1 (c) Kew, England (d) Lucknow (c) 3 → 1 → 2 → 5 → 7 → 6 → 4 79. Amongst the given taxonomic aids, how many are (d) 3 → 1 → 2 → 7 → 5 → 6 → 4 related to preservation of specimens? [Monograph, Flora, 68. Which of the following taxonomical aid serve as a quick Key, Museums, Botanical Gardens, Catalogue, Herbarium, referral systems in taxonomical studies? Manual] (a) One (b) Three (a) Key (b) Botanical gardens (c) Herbaria (d) Museum (c) Two (d) Four 14 Dropper NEET 80. The taxonomical aid(s) used for the identification of both 86. Providing information for identification of names of plants and animals is/are species found in an area (a) Fauna (b) Flora (a) Keys (b) Museum (c) Monograph (d) Manuals (c) Herbarium (d) Both (a) and (b) 87. Couplet represents the choice made between two 81. Each plant is labelled indicating its Botanical/Scientific opposite options which results in name and its family. The taxonomical aid used for this is (a) Rejection of both option (a) Museum (b) Herbarium (b) Acceptance of both the option (c) Either acceptance or rejection of both the option (c) Botanical Garden (d) All of the above (d) Acceptance of only one and rejection of the other. ZOOLOGICAL PARKS 88. Taxonomical keys are 82. Which of the following is not a mode of on-site (a) Analytical in nature conservation of biodiversity? (b) Taxonomical aid used for identification of both (a) National parks plants and animals (b) Cultural landscape (c) Based on the contrasting characters (c) Natural monuments (d) All of the above (d) Zoological park 89. Which is useful in providing information for identification 83. Wild animals are kept in protected environment in of names of species found in an area? (a) Garden (b) Museum (a) Flora (b) Manuals (c) Biological parks (d) Zoological parks (c) Monographs (d) Catalogues TAXONOMICAL KEYS 90. Which taxonomical aid help in correct identification? 84. Each statement in key is called (a) Monograph (b) Manuals (a) Couplet (b) Lead (c) Flora (d) All of the above (c) Principle (d) None of these 91. Which one of the taxonomic aids can give comprehensive 85. Which of the following provide information of any account of complete compiled information of any one one taxon? genus of family at a particular time? (a) Manuals (b) Monograph (a) Taxonomic key (b) Flora (c) Herbarium (d) Monograph (c) Flora (d) Fauna Learning Learning Plus 1. Choose an appropriate option to complete the given (a) B C and D (b) A, B and C statement. In plants, growth takes place by ____ (c) A, D and C (d) All of these throughout their life span. 3. Which set of organisms reproduce by asexual mode of (a) Cell dedifferentiation (b) Cell differentiation reproduction(fragmentation)? (c) Cell multiplication (d) None of these (a) Amoeba, fungi and earthworm 2. Among the following, select the correct statements. (b) Earthworm, bacteria and fungi A. In majority of higher plants and animals, growth and (c) Hydra, fungi, Amoeba and bacteria reproduction are mutually exclusive events. (d) Fungi, filamentous algae and protonema of mosses B. In non-living objects growth is by accumulation of material on the surface. 4. All living organisms are linked to one another because C. An isolated metabolic reaction outside the body of (a) They show common genetic material but to varying an organism, preformed in an test tube is neither degree living nor non-living. (b) They have common genetic material of the same type D. All organisms, from the prokaryotes to the most (c) All have common cellular organisation complex eukaryotes can sense and respond to environmental cues. (d) All of the above The Living World 15  5. The practical purpose of classification of living 12. The main purpose of classification of organisms is to organisms is to (a) Locate plants and animals (a) Explain the origin of living organisms (b) Establish relationships amongst organisms (b) Trace the evolution of living organisms (c) Study evolution (c) Name the living organisms (d) Both (b) & (c) (d) Facilitate identification of unknown organisms 13. The scientific name of banyan is written as Ficus 6. The term ‘systematics’ refers to: bengalensis L. which of the following is a correct (a) Identification and study of organ systems statement regarding this? (b) Identification and preservation of plants and animals (a) Letter L signifies Latin language. (c) Diversity of kinds of organisms and their relationship (b) The name should be reverse with bengalensis preceding Ficus (d) Study of habitats of organisms and their classification (c) Letter L signifies taxonomist Linnaeus 7. The disadvantage of using common names for species is (d) Bengalensis is generic name that 14. Artificial system of classification classifies plants on the (a) The name may change basis of (b) One name does not apply universally (a) One or two characters (c) One species may have several common names and (b) Phylogenetic trends one common name may be applied to two species (c) Many naturally existing characters (d) All of the above (d) None of the above 8. What characters are used for declaration of new species 15. Few rules are written following regarding binomial of higher plants? nomenclature. Identify the wrong one: (a) Floral character of new species (a) Biological names are latinized and printed in italics (b) Anatomical characters of new species (b) Generic and specific name starts with capital letter (c) Physiological characters of new species (c) Generic and specific name when hand written are (d) Character of endosperm underlined 9. Need for a proper system of classification arises because (d) All are correct (a) The organisms of the past cannot be studied 16. Family - order - class of Musca domestica (Housefly) are without it. respectively: (b) Classification help in knowing the relationship (a) Muscidae - Insecta - Hymenoptera among the different group of organisms. (b) Muscidae - Diptera - Mandibulata (c) It is not possible to study every organism. (c) Hymenoptera - Insecta - Mandibuleta (d) All of the above (d) Muscidae - Diptera - Insecta 17. Scientific name of Mango plant is Mangifera indica 10. The process by which anything grouped into convenient (Linn) Santapau. In the above name Santapau refers to categories based on some easily observable characters is called (a) Variety of mango (a) Systematics (b) New Systematics (b) A taxonomist who proposed the present nomenclature (c) Nomenclature (d) Classification in honour of Linnaeus 11. Select the wrong statements. (c) A scientist who for the first time described mango plant A. Lower the taxon, more are the characteristics that the members within the taxon share. (d) A scientist who changed the name proposed by Linnaeus and proposed present name B. Order is the assemblage of genera which exhibit a few similar characters. 18. As we go from species to kingdom in a taxonomic C. Cat and dog are included in the same family Felidae. hierarchy, the number of common characteristics: D. Binomial nomenclature was introduced by Carolus (a) Will decrease Linnaeus. (b) Will increase (a) A, B and C (b) B, C and D (c) Remain same (c) A and D (d) B and C (d) May increase or decrease 16 Dropper NEET 19. Recognise the following flow diagram and find the 25. One of the most important functions of botanical garden correct options according to taxonomic hierarchy. is that (a) One can observe tropical plants there (b) They allow ex situ conservation (c) They provide the natural habitat for wildlife (d) They provide a beautyful area for recreation 26. Match the following and choose the correct option. A. Family 1. tuberosum B. Kingdom 2. Polymoniales C. Order 3. Solanum D. Species 4. Plantae (a) ‘A’ is comparable to muscidae while ‘B’ is at the E. Genus 5. Solanaceae same level as that of primata. (a) A-4 B-3 C-5 D-2 E-1 (b) ‘C’ includes all the angiosperms having two cotyledons in their seeds. (b) A-5 B-4 C-2 D-1 E-3 (c) For wheat ‘A’ is poaceae, ‘B’ is poales and ‘C’ is (c) A-4 B-5 C-2 D-1 E-3 monocotyledonae. (d) A-5 B-3 C-2 D-1 E-4 (d) All of the above statements are correct. 27. Which one of the following is a taxonomical aid for 20. Two animals belong to the same kingdom but different identification of plants and animals based on similarities classes. They may belong to the same and dissimilarities? (a) Phylum (b) Order (a) Flora (b) Keys (c) Division (d) Family (c) Monographs (d) Catalogues 21. Which of the following has correct specific epithet? 28. Which of the following are true with reference to (a) Indica mangifera (b) Leo Panthera taxonomical aids? (c) Canis familiaris (d) Ascaris A. Separate taxonomic keys are required for each 22. Taxonomic hierarchy refers to taxonomic category. (a) Step-wise arrangment of all categories for B. Herbarium is a store house of collected plant and classification of plants and animals animal specimens. (b) A group of senior taxonomists who decide the C. Each statement in the key is called couplet. nomenclature of plants and animals D. Keys are used for identification purpose. (c) A list of botanists or zoologists who have worked on (a) A and B (b) A and D taxonomy of a species or group (d) Classification of a species based on fossil record (c) A and C (d) C and D 23. Which of the following taxonomic categories is being 29. Plant species in botanical gardens are labeled to indicate described by the given statements (i-iii)? (a) English and local name (i) It is the basic unit of classification. (b) Collectors name (c) Botanical name and family (ii) It is defined as the group of individuals which (d) Family and place of collection resemble in their morphological and reproductive characters and interbreed among themselves and 30. The bracketed key in taxonomical identification provides produce fertile offsprings. (a) Sequence of choices between two or more characters (iii) Human beings belong to the species sapiens which (b) Polynomial system of nomenclature is grouped in the genus Homo. (c) Only one pair of contrasting statements (a) Species (b) Genus (d) Same sequence of characters as in indented key (c) Order (d) Family 31. Not applicable to zoological parks: 24. Botanical gardens and Zoological parks have: (a) In vivo mode of conservation (a) Collection of endemic living species only (b) Wild animals are kept under human care (b) Collection of exotic living species only (c) Wild animals are kept in separate enclosures (c) Collection of endemic and exotic living species (d) All are true (d) Collection of only local plants and animals The Living World 17  Multiconcept MCQs 1. Glucose is taken in test tube and acted upon by hexokinase 5. The most obvious & complicated feature of all living enzyme. Resulting substrate is glucose - 6 - phosphate. organisms is: This isolated metabolic reaction is: (a) The ability to sense their surroundings or environment (a) Occurring in test tube which can be considered as and respond to these environmental stimuli. living (b) Reproduction - sexual or asexual - for production of (b) Considered to be in vivo progeny of own kind. (c) Considered to be in vitro and living reaction. (c) The ability to growth in size due to cell division. (d) Considered as non-living reaction (d) Presence of complex organs systems such as digestive 2. Read the following statements and select the correct and nervous system. ones. 6. Read the following statements and identify the correct A. Increase in mass and increase in number of statements: individuals are twin characteristics of growth A. Biodiversity refers to the number and types of B. Metabolic reactions can be demonstrated outside the organisms present on earth. body in cell-free system B. The local names would vary from place to place, C. ‘Feel or response to stimuli’ is a defining property of even within a country. living organisms C. The number of species that are known and described (a) A and B (b) B and C range between 1.7-1.8 million. (c) A and C (d) All of these D. International Code for Botanical Nomenclature 3. Read the following statements. (ICBN) provides scientific names for plants A. Isolated-metabolic reactions in-vitro are living E. Nomenclature or naming is only possible when the things. organism is described correctly. B. Reproduction is synonymous with growth in (a) A and B only (b) A, B and C only Chlamydomonas. (c) A, D and C only (d) All of these C. Reproduction is an all inclusive defining 7. Match the columns and find out the correct combination: characteristic of living organisms. Common name Biological name D. Extrinsic growth cannot be taken as defining property A. Tobacco 1. Mangifera indica of living organisms. B. Potato 2. Triticum vulgare How many of the above statement (s) is/are not true? C. Brinjal 3. Nicotiana tabacum (a) One (b) Two (c) Three (d) Four D. Wheat 4. Solanum tuberosum 4. Read the following and choose the correct combinations: 5. Solanum melongena Scientist Coined the term (a) A-4 B-3 C-1 D-2 A. A.P. de Candolle 1. Biology B. Herbert Spencer 2. Genetics (b) A-3 B-4 C-5 D-2 C. Lamarck 3. Taxonomy (c) A-1 B-2 C-3 D-4 D. Ernst Haeckel 4. Ecology (d) A-2 B-1 C-4 D-3 E. Bateson 5. Organic evolution 8. Classification systems have many advantages. Which of (a) A-3 B-5 C-2 D-4 E-1 the following is not a goal of biological classification? (b) A-3 B-5 C-1 D-4 E-2 (a) To depict convergent evolution (b) To clarify relationships among organisms (c) A-1 B-3 C-5 D-2 E-4 (c) To help us remember organisms and their traits (d) A-4 B-2 C-5 D-1 E-4 (d) To identify and name organisms 18 Dropper NEET  9. For higher plants, flowers are chiefly used as a basis of 14. Select the incorrect statement with respect to the taxon, classification, because: ‘genus’. (a) These show a great variety in colour (a) It is a group or assemblage of related species (b) It can be preserved easily (b) A genus essentially possesses more than one number (c) Reproductive parts are more conservative than of species. vegetative parts (d) They have strong fragrance (c) Lion, Tiger, Leopard are closely related species which have been placed in the genus Panthera and 10. Incorrect statement are: are respectively named as Panthera leo, P. tigris and A. Animals, mammals, dogs, alsatians represent taxa at P. pardus. different levels. (d) Solanum, Penicillium, Withania and Asparagus are B. Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of an organism to the examples of genera. change its phenotype in response to environment. C. Nomenclature is only possible when the organism is 15. Incorrect statement is: described correctly. (a) Naming is only possible when the organism is D. In animals, growth is seen only up to a certain age. described correctly. E. Non-living objects also grow if we take increase in (b) Scientific names are based on the principles and body mass as a criteria of growth. criteria provided in ICBN. F. Human being is the only organism who is aware of (c) Description of any organism should enable the people himself. (in any part of the world) to arrive at the same name. (a) C only (b) B only (d) Category denotes rank, and these categories or ranks (c) A only (d) All are correct are merely morphological aggregates. 11. Which one of the following branch is applicable to both 16. Read the following and choose the correct combinations: plants and animals? A. Species 1. A group of similar individuals (a) Herpetology (b) Saurology B. Family 2. Includes related orders (c) Taxonomy (d) Ichthyology C. Division 3. A group of related genera 12. Which of the following statements is not correct? D. Class 4. Occur below kingdom and above (a) Biodiversity is occurrrence of variety of life forms class differing in morphology, anatomy, habitats and habits. (a) A-3 B-1 C-4 D-2 (b) Systematics is the branch of biology that deals with (b) A-2 B-1 C-4 D-3 cataloguing plants, animals and other organisms (c) A-3 B-1 C-2 D-4 into categories that can be named, remembered, (d) A-1 B-3 C-4 D-2 compared and studied. 17. Consider the following statements and select correct set (c) Taxonomy is the branch of biology that deals with of option. principles and procedures of identification and A. The most obvious and technically complicated nomenclature of organisms features are metabolism and consciousness. (d) Biodiversity is the study of aquatic life forms on the B. Growth and reproduction are mutually inclusive basis of morphological features only. events for euglenoids and chrysophytes. 13. Read the following statements: C. Generally, families and orders are identified on the A. The taxonomic hierarchy for Mangifera indica can basis of aggregates of vegetative characters only. written as D. Herbarium serves as quick referral system in Plantae → Angiospermae → Dicotyledonae taxonomical studies. →Sapindales → Anacardiaceae → Mangifera indica (a) B, C & D (b) A, C & D B. Tautonym is the taxonomic designation used for (c) B & D (d) A, B, C & D certain plants having trinomial nomenclature 18. Choose the correct statements from following: C. Taxonomic keys are generally analytical in nature A. Taxonomic hierarchy includes seven obligate categories. D. Family Fabaceae is divided into three sub-families, i.e., Leguminosae, Mimosaceae and Caesalpiniaceae B. Haeckel introduced the taxon phylum. Which of the following combinations of above statements C. Three - domain classification was introduced by Carl are correct? Woese. (a) A and B (b) A and C (a) A & B (b) B & C (c) C and D (d) A, C and D (c) A & C (d) All are correct The Living World 19 19. Which of the following shows the correct example of 24. The most convenient way for easy identification of plants taxonomic category - Genus? and animals by applying diagnostic feature is use of (a) Potato, tomato and brinjal belong to Solanum. (a) Herbarium (b) Monkey, gorilla and gibbon are placed in Mammalia. (b) Botanical gardens (c) Solanum, Petunia, and Datura are placed in Solanaceae. (c) Museum (d) Mangifera and Panthera belong to same genus (d) Taxonomic keys tuberosum. 20. Which of the following combinations is correct for wheat ? 25. Study the following statements regarding the preparation of herbarium sheets. (a) Genus : Triticum, Family : Anacardiaceae, Order : Poales, Class : Monocotyledonae A. Herbaria serve as quick referral system. (b) Genus : Triticum, Family : Poaceae, Order : Poales, B. Every details regarding the plant such as locality, Class : Dicotyledonae ecological conditions, vegetative and floral characters, (c) Genus : Triticum, Family : Poaceae, Order : etc., should be noted. Sapindales, Class : Monocotyledonae C. Plants are evenly pressed by unfoloding all the plant (d) Genus : Triticum, Family : Poaceae, Order : Poales, parts between blotting papers (or newspapers) with Class : Monocotyledonae the help of plant pressers. 21. Read the following statements regarding biological museums: D. Blotting papers need not be changed until the plant A. Biological museums are generally set up in gets dried educational institutes such as schools and colleges E. After drying, the plant specimen is carefully B. Museums have collections of preserved plant and mounted/pasted on the herbarium sheets animal specimens for study and reference F. The herbarium sheet is labelled on the lower right C. Specimens are preserved in the containers or jars in hand corner representing the local and botanical preservative solutions. name, date of collection etc. D. Insects are preserved in insect boxes after collecting, killing and pinning. Which of the above statements is/are not correct E. Larger animals like birds and mammals are usually (a) A only (b) D only stuffed and preserved (c) A and D (d) C and D F. Skeletons of mammals are not allowed to be kept in museums 26. Which of the statement is correct regarding the figure Which of the above statements is/are not correct? given below? (a) B and C (b) A and F (c) E only (d) F only 22. Match the columns and find out the correct combination: A. Couplet 1. Information of any one taxon B. Lead 2. Preserved specimen C. Mono- 3. Specially designed for ready graph reference D. Manuals 4. Each statement in the key 5. A pair of contrasting characters (a) A-5 B-4 C-1 D-3 (b) A-4 B-2 C-3 D-1 (a) Plant species are dried, pressed and preserved on (c) A-1 B-3 C-2 D-4 sheets. (d) A-3 B-1 C-4 D-2 (b) It serves as slow referral systems in taxonomical 23. Herbarium is: (a) A garden where medicinal plants are grown studies. (b) Garden where herbaceous plants are grown (c) These have collections of living plants for reference. (c) Dry garden (d) Children love visiting these places. (d) Chemical to kill plants 20 Dropper NEET  NEET Past 10 Years Questions 1. Which one of the following belongs to the family Muscidae? C. Binomial nomenclature system was given by R.H.  (2021) Whittaker. (a) Grasshopper (b) Cockroach D. In unicellular organisms, reproduction is synonymous (c) Housefly (d) Fire fly with growth. 2. Select the correctly written scientific name of Mango The two correct statements are which was first described by Carolus Linnaeus (2019) (a) A and D (b) A and B (a) Mangifera indica Car. Linn. (c) B and C (d) C and D (b) Mangifera indica Linn. 6. The label of a herbarium sheet does not carry information (c) Mangifera indica on:  (2016 - II) (d) Mangifera Indica (a) Local names (b) Height of the plant 3. Match the items given in Column-I with those in Column-II (c) Date of collection (d) Name of collector and select the correct option given below  (2018) 7. Match Column–I with Column–II for housefly Column-I Column-II classification and select the correct option using the codes given below:  (2016 - II) A. Herbarium (i) It is a place having a collection of preserved plants and animals. Column-I Column-II B. Key (ii) A list that enumerates methodically A. Family (i) Diptera all the species found in an area with B. Order (ii) Arthropoda brief description aiding identification C. Class (iii) Muscidae C. Museum (iii) Is a place where dried and pressed D. Phylum (iv) Insecta plant specimens mounted on sheets are kept. Codes: D. Catalogue (iv) A booklet containing a list of (a) A-(iv) B-(iii) C-(ii) D-(i) characters and their alternates which are helpful in identification (b) A-(iv) B-(ii) C-(i) D-(iii) of various taxa. (c) A-(iii) B-(i) C-(iv) D-(ii) (a) A-(i) B-(iv) C-(iii) D-(ii) (d) A-(iii) B-(ii) C-(iv) D-(i) (b) A-(iii) B-(ii) C-(i) D-(iv) 8. Which one of the following is not a correct statement?  (2013) (c) A-(ii) B-(iv) C-(iii) D-(i) (a) Key is a taxonomic aid for identification of specimens. (d) A-(iii) B-(iv) C-(i) D-(ii) (b) Herbarium houses dried, pressed and preserved plant 4. Given below are the various taxonomic aids used specimens. in taxonomy which facilitate identification and (c) Botanical gardens have collection of living plants for classification of organisms. Which one of the following reference. is wrong? (2017) (d) A museum has collection of photographs of plants (a) Keys, floras, manuals, monographs and catalogues are and animals. useful aids for identification of plants and animals 9. Which of the following organisms is scientifically (b) Herbarium is created to house live specimens of plant material correctly named, correctly printed according to (c) Museums are established to keep preserved International Rules of Nomenclature and correctly specimens of animals and plants described? (2012 Mains) (d) Botanical gardens and Zoological parks are (a) Musca domestica-The common house lizard, a reptile established to conserve and preserve live plants and animals respectively (b) Plasmodium falciparum-A protozoan pathogen 5. Study the four statements (A–D) given below and select the causing the most serious type of malaria two correct ones out of them: (2016-II) (c) Felis tigris-The Indian tiger, well protected in Gir Forests. A. Definition of biological species was given by Ernst Mayr. (d) E.coli-Full name Entamoeba coli, a commonly B. Photoperiod does not affect reproduction in plants. occurring bacterium in human intestine. The Living World 21  ANSWER KEY Topicwise Questions 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (b) 11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (a) 16. (a) 17. (b) 18. (d) 19. (a) 20. (c) 21. (b) 22. (c) 23. (a) 24. (d) 25. (a) 26. (b) 27. (c) 28. (c) 29. (a) 30. (d) 31. (a) 32. (a) 33. (a) 34. (b) 35. (b) 36. (c) 37. (a) 38. (d) 39. (d) 40. (c) 41. (d) 42. (c) 43. (c) 44. (b) 45. (a) 46. (d) 47. (d) 48. (a) 49. (d) 50. (b) 51. (d) 52. (d) 53. (b) 54. (b) 55. (d) 56. (c) 57. (a) 58. (b) 59. (c) 60. (c) 61. (b) 62. (a) 63. (b) 64. (a) 65. (b) 66. (a) 67. (a) 68. (c) 69. (b) 70. (b) 71. (a) 72. (b) 73. (c) 74. (d) 75. (b) 76. (a) 77. (d) 78. (c) 79. (b) 80. (d) 81. (d) 82. (d) 83. (d) 84. (b) 85. (b) 86. (d) 87. (d) 88. (d) 89. (a) 90. (d) 91. (d) Learning Plus 1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (d) 10. (d) 11. (d) 12. (d) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (b) 16. (d) 17. (d) 18. (a) 19. (d) 20. (a) 21. (c) 22. (a) 23. (a) 24. (c) 25. (b) 26. (b) 27. (b) 28. (b) 29. (c) 30. (c) 31. (c) Multiconcept MCQs 1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (d) 11. (c) 12. (d) 13. (d) 14. (b) 15. (d) 16. (d) 17. (c) 18. (d) 19. (a) 20. (d) 21. (d) 22. (a) 23. (c) 24. (d) 25. (b) 26. (a) NEET Past 10 Years Questions 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (d) 9. (d) 22 Dropper NEET  1 The Living World Topicwise Questions WHAT IS LIVING? DIVERSITY IN LIVING WORLD 1. (a) Growth is a frequent feature of both living and non- 13. (a) ICBN- International code for botanical nomenclature. living things. 14. (d) In the case of Mangifera indica , indica denotes a 2. (b) Cellular organisation, metabolism and awareness are specific epithet or species name. the defining characteristics of all living organisms. 15. (a) Full form of ICZN is international code for zoological Growth and reproduction aren't the defining nomenclature. characteristics because there are some outliers. 16. (a) Nomenclature means to give names to species. 3. (d) Only humans have self-awareness, although 17. (b) In binomial nomenclature, an organism's name is consciousness exists in all organisms, from made up of the names of its genus and species. prokaryotes to the most complex eukaryotes. 18. (d) Two closely related species cannot be given the same 4. (c) Growth is characterised by both a gain in mass and an scientific name. increase in the number of individuals. 19. (a) Biological name must be underlined separately as per 5. (c) Growth and reproduction are mutually exclusive binomial nomenclature. phenomena in the majority of higher animals and plants. 20. (c) Systematics word is derived from latin language. 6. (a) Growth in non-living objects occurs as a result of the 21. (b) Modern-day classification encompasses all of an buildup of material on the surface. organism's properties gleaned from research in 7. (b) The most important feature of living organisms is domains like as physiology, ecology, anatomy, the replication of genetic information, which allows biochemistry, and cytology, among others. genetic information to be passed down from one 22. (c) Phenetic classification is bas