Proficiency of Movement PDF

Proficiency of Movement Chapter 6 - Jacaranda 6.2 – Classifying Skills  Learning Intentions: Describe different types of skills and categorise skills based on the type of movement, predictability of the environment and movement precision.  Fundamental Moto...

Proficiency of Movement Chapter 6 - Jacaranda 6.2 – Classifying Skills  Learning Intentions: Describe different types of skills and categorise skills based on the type of movement, predictability of the environment and movement precision.  Fundamental Motor Skills Fundamental Motor Skills are the building blocks for more complicated or sophisticated movements. Children learn to crawl, walk, run, skip, throw, catch, bounce, hit and jump. These actions are called the ‘Basic Skills’. Basic skills lead to the more specialised skills required in games, dance, gymnastics and other sporting and recreational pursuits. Task: Complete “Basic Skills” worksheet  Fundamental Motor Skills All advanced skills and techniques in sport evolve from the Fundamental movement skills developed during childhood and adolescence. The fundamental movement skills include: - balancing - running - jumping - hopping - dodging - skipping - bouncing - throwing - catching - kicking - striking Fundamental movement skills can be categorised into three groups: 1. Locomotor (moving) skills 2. Manipulative (object control) skills 3. Body Management skills 1. Locomotor (moving) Skills Locomotor Skills are skills used by an individual to move from one place to another. These skills include; - Rolling - Sliding - Skipping - Jogging - Running - Leaping - Jumping - Hopping - Dodging - Galloping 2. Manipulative (object control) Skills Manipulative Skills are skills that require an ability to handle an object or piece of equipment with control. Manipulative skills involve you controlling an object such as a bat, racquet or ball. These skills include; - Throwing - Catching - Kicking - Striking. 3. Body Management Skills Stability skills are movements that are involved in controlling and managing the body in terms of balance. These involve skills include; - Balancing - Bending - Twisting - Agility.  Specialized Sporting Skills Specialised Movement skills are movements that are specific to a particular game or sport. They are more advanced versions of fundamental motor skills or combinations of fundamental motor skills that you apply to a specific sport. EG: Kicking is an example of a fundamental movement skill. However, in soccer, kicking is specialised to striking, passing, lobbing and many other kicks  Movement Skill Classification Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills Open Motor Skills Closed Motor Skills Discrete Motor Skills Serial Motor Skills Continuous Motor Skills  Gross Motor Skills Gross Motor Skills are movements involving the use of large muscle groups. Gross Motor Skills requirement involvement of large muscle groups that are activated by strong and continuous messages sent via the nervous system. Gross Motor skills are important as they coordinate and control large bodily movements that require large amounts of force. These skills include; - Running - Lifting heavy weights - Throwing a Javelin - Throwing - Walking - Swimming  Fine Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills are delicate and precise movements that engage and utilise the use of small muscle groups. Fine Motor Skills are movements that require the use of fewer muscles and are activated by a small number of nervous impulses within the nervous system. Fine Motor Skills are often used when accuracy and finesse is required. These skills are delicate and precise movements. These skills include; - Lining up a shot in billiards - Throwing Darts - notching an arrow in archery  Open Motor Skills Open Motor Skills are performed in an environment that is variable and unpredictable, externally paced and constantly changing. An Open skill is performed in an environment that has external timing and is impacted by external factors (teammates & opponents). Open Skills have increased Inter – Trial Variability because they are performed in a constantly changing environment. Performers need to be aware of changes in the playing environment and adjust their movements to these changes to environments accordingly. Open skills are random in nature and involve a movement in response to a stimulus.  Open Motor Skills Open Skills are often difficult to learn as performers need to be able to make quick and concise decisions ‘on the fly’ in response to the ever changing and unpredictable environment that they are performed in. These decisions include: Where to move to receive the ball What you will do when you receive the ball Where your opponent will be Players therefore need to react and adapt the skill to things going on around them such as movements of teammates and opponents or movement of the ball. Batting in Cricket, Softball & Baseball (responding and playing shots to different types of deliveries). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iWP20vNQ2MQ Passing in Football, Soccer, Basketball Netball & Hockey. Navigating with a ball in various team sports (responding to defenders defending) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50rCSmOecYs  Closed Motor Skills Closed Motor Skills are performed in a stable and predictable environment. Closed Motor Skills has an internal timing – enabling the performer to have control over the timing and speed of the skill. Closed Motor Skills have limited Inter – Trial Variability – each time the skill is performed, it is very performed similar, or the same. This enables the performed to plan their movements in advance. Closed skills can usually be mastered more easily because the environment is very predictable, and learners can focus on the technique of the skill. Success is a matter of repeatedly practising the movement until the skill is learned These skills include; - Golf Swing - Basketball Free Throw - Ten pin Bowling - Gymnastics Routine - Diving from a platform or board https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmEtBPl-XFo  Open Skills Closed Skills Unpredictable or unstable environment, Stable and predictable environment where where conditions are usually changing conditions stay the same (Windsurfing) Performer is often in a dynamic (moving) Performer is often not moving (static) when OPEN position when doing the skill doing the skill or Performer responds to a stimulus/event Performer decides when to initiate the event CLOSED The demands and complexity vary The person can plan and decide when to do depending on the requirements of the the task because the demands are known game/activity The person has to adjust the motor program The skill can be repeated the same way over to perform the skill (eg moving the ball and over, using the same motor program (eg around an opponent) archery)  Discrete Motor Skills Discrete Motor Skills are movements or skills that are short in duration and have a distinct beginning and end. These skills include; - Discuss, Shot Put, Javelin throw - Kicking a ball https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsAK kVnW99A - Throwing a ball  Serial Motor Skills Serial Motor Skills are a series of Discrete skills strung together to form a more complicated action. Serial skills are several Discrete skills performed in a sequence to form a more complicated action. Serial skills are the most difficult to learn due to the need to coordinate separate Discrete skills into an effective pattern Serial Skills are best learned by breaking the skill down into it’s parts and then linking them back together. These skills include; - Gymnastics Routine https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cvD7_CO0Fqs - Triple Jump – (hop, skip & Jump) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zsU9Icyuv3c - Team Sport plays  Continuous Motor Skills Continuous Motor Skills are motor skills that have no clear beginning or end and involve repetitive and rhythmic movements performed continuously over and over for a long period of time. Continuous skills are repeated continuously unbroken with the beginning and end of the skill being determined by the performer. Continuous skills tend to be learnt the fastest due to their repetitive nature. These skills include; - Running - Cycling - Rowing Summary of motor skills  1) Fundamental movement skills are the building blocks of all other movement skills. 6.2 True or False? 2) The variable that determines whether a skill is open or closed is: A - the amount of force required. Class Tasks B - whether or not the skill has a distinct start and end. C - how similar the repetition of each skill is. D - All of the above (Homework if not completed in 3) A Gross Motor Skill: A - requires a large amount of force. class) B - requires a high level of accuracy. C - is a sequence of distinct skills. D - is unpredictable and has external timing and increased inter-trial variability. 4) A Discrete Motor Skill: A – has a distinct beginning and end. B – is a series of discrete skills completed in a sequence. C - is repetitive or rhythmic. D – involves a pattern of complex movements.  5) Which of the following skills can be described as a sport-specific, gross, serial and closed skill? 6.2 A – Jumping. B – Hitting a 6 to win the game of Cricket. C – High Jump D – Running Class Tasks 6) Describe what is meant by fundamental movement skills. Determine how they can influence performance in physical activity. (Homework if not completed in class) 7) Using examples from soccer or hockey, outline the difference between an open and closed skill.  8) Using examples from basketball or AFL, outline the difference between discrete, serial and continuous skills. 6.2 Class Tasks 9) Using examples from cricket or tennis, outline the difference between fine and gross skills. (Homework if not completed in class) 10) Propose which fundamental movement skills would form the foundation of the following sport-specific skills: volleyball serve golf swing triple jump.