Incident Action Planning PDF 600.4 (2021) - Whitehall Ohio Fire Division

Standard Operating Procedure Title: Incident Action Planning S.O.P. - 600.4 Section: 600 – Strategic Command and Control Pages: 20 Issue Date: 01/01/2021 Approved: Revised Date: Chief Preston Moore Effective Date: 01/01/2021 1.0 Purpose: This standard operating procedure assists an IC in quick...

Standard Operating Procedure Title: Incident Action Planning S.O.P. - 600.4 Section: 600 – Strategic Command and Control Pages: 20 Issue Date: 01/01/2021 Approved: Revised Date: Chief Preston Moore Effective Date: 01/01/2021 1.0 Purpose: This standard operating procedure assists an IC in quickly determining the most effective, correct action to take while continually evaluating all of the incident hazards. The development of an Incident Action Plan is crucial to command and control. 2.0 Responsibility: This Standard Operating Procedure shall pertain to all personnel in this organization. It shall be the responsibility of the department officers to implement this operating procedure. It shall be the responsibility of the department officers to train members in the application of this procedure. It shall be the responsibility of each member to know, understand and use this guideline as it applies to the situation at hand. Each member will use good judgment in the use of this procedure. 3.0 Procedures and Information: 3.1 Matching standard conditions to standard actions for a standard outcome A) Identify the incident’s critical factors before taking any action B) Initial and ongoing size-up of the incident’s critical factors must produce the information that becomes the basis for the current strategy and incident action plan (IAP). C) Current, accurate and relevant information provides the informational 1 foundation for effective initial and ongoing action. D) This systematic evaluation process continually produces standard, safe, wellmanaged incident outcomes. 3.2 Strategic decision making model A) The strategic decision-making model gives the entire organization an evaluation/action system that takes the mystery out of initial emergency operations. This model brings the decision-making process into a standard sequence: First, we identify the incident’s significant critical factors, and then we base all actions on our evaluation of those factors. By continually evaluating those factors, we keep the plan and the firefighters safe. 3.3 Risk Management Plan (RMP) A) Fire ground operations will fall into one of two strategies, OFFENSIVE or DEFENSIVE. These two strategies are based on a standard Risk Management Plan that is to be employed on ALL IDLH hazard zones. B) The following Risk Management Plan will be used at all times whenever a hazard zone exists: We WILL risk our lives A LOT, in a calculated manner, to save SAVABLE lives. We WILL risk our lives a LITTLE, in a calculated manner, to save SAVABLE property. We WILL NOT risk our lives AT ALL, for lives and property that are already LOST. C) The above three (3) levels of risk can only be assumed in a highly calculated and controlled manner. Highly calculated and controlled refers to effective 2 application of department SOP’s, training, and the safety systems (PPE, radios, apparatus, resources etc.) that must be used/followed at all times, in order to take any level of risk. D) We must always begin our operational response with the assumption that we can make a difference for our citizens by conducting standard incident operations. Our risk-management approach is based on us always conducting operations within standard operational and safety SOP’s. E) Rescue operations in the hot zone are the only place where, based on the possibility of saving a threatened citizen, the RMP allows workers to take a significantly higher level of risk. High rescue mode operations are based on a deliberate situation evaluation, a conscious decision by the IC, and the continual application of the safety SOP’s. F) The offensive/defensive strategy should again be re-evaluated and re-declared after an “ALL CLEAR” has been achieved. Both are critical decision points (benchmarks) for the IC. 3.4 Determine The Overall Incident Strategy A) An IC properly managing the incident’s strategy has the #1 – GREATEST overall impact on firefighter safety. B) Overall operational strategy is divided into only two categories: OFFENSIVE or DEFENSIVE. • OFFENSIVE operations are conducted inside a hazard zone • DEFENSIVE operations are conducted outside of a hazard zone – from safe locations. C) The two separate strategies create a simple, understandable plan that describes in primitive terms how close firefighters will get to the incident’s hazards. D) The incident’s overall strategic decision is based on the incident’s critical factors weighed against the Risk Management Plan. 3 E) IC’s must avoid taking unnecessary risks to save property when our members are the only life safety threat in the hazard zone. F) DO NOT combine OFFENSIVE & DEFENSIVE operations in the same fire area. 3.5 Declare the incident strategy as part of the Initial Radio Report (IRR) A) Declaring the incident strategy up front, as part of the initial radio report will: 1) Announce to everyone the overall incident strategy. 2) Eliminates any question on where we will be operating on the incident scene (inside or outside the hazard zone). 3.6 Use the Incident Organization & Communications to Implement the Strategy/IAP A) Incident operations begin under control and stay under control when everyone operates within the incident management system and the overall incident strategy. B) The IC primarily uses the radio to manage incident operations. This starts with the Initial Radio Report (IRR) where the initial strategy is declared. Subsequent arriving units who Level 1 stage are given specific tasks, location, and objectives in their assignment. Once is place, these units will report back to command the conditions in their assigned area, when asked by the IC, in the form of a Conditions/Actions/Need (CAN) Report. C) The IC controls evolving operations by decentralizing the hazard zone when assigning Sector/Division (S/D) responsibilities. S/D officers operating in forward positions give the IC the following strategic advantages: 1) They control access into and out of the hazard zone based on the current strategy. 2) They usually have a better view of conditions in their S/D than the IC. 3) They are in much better position to directly manage the safety of their S/D. 4 D) The IC provides the S/D officers with the overall strategy and objectives for their area. This becomes the starting point for conducting operations within that specific S/D. As progress is made, objectives are met, or conditions change (good or bad), the S/D officer reports this information to the IC, when asked, in the form of a Conditions/Actions/Needs (CAN) Report. E) The IC must process reports from all the operating S/D’s to continually manage both the overall incident strategy and the corresponding IAP. 3.7 Standard Company Functions A) Standard company operations assign basic fire ground functions and activities to companies based upon capability and characteristics of each type of unit. Companies can be given functions on the fire ground, even though they do not show up on a firefighting apparatus. Medic Units arrive with firefighters in full PPE and SCBA and are able to be used for functional companies. B) Companies will be considered as no less that two (2) firefighters assigned to a unit. C) Standard company operations assign fire ground function to the particular company who can best accomplish the task/operation with the equipment they have access to. D) Standard company operations integrate efforts of engine, ladder, rescue, and/or medic companies to effectively complete the chosen strategy’s tactical priorities. E) Standard company operations should reduce the amount of detail in the orders from the IC that is required to get companies into action on the fire ground. This greatly reduces radio traffic. F) The following items represent the standard operation that will typically be performed by engine, ladder, rescue and/or medic companies. These basic functions will provide the framework for field assignments for these companies. 5 Standard Engine Company Functions: 1) Establish a water supply 2) Stretch hose lines 3) Operate nozzles 4) Search, rescue, and treatment 5) Open up concealed spaces 6) Deploy ground ladders 7) Pump supply lines 8) Supply master streams 9) Loss control activities Standard Ladder Company Operations: 1) Search, rescue, and treatment 2) Ventilate 3) Forcible entry 4) Raise ladders 5) Provide access/check fire extension 6) Utility control 7) Provide lighting 8) Deploy aerial devices Standard Rescue Company Operations: 1) Search, rescue, and treatment 2) Ventilate 3) Forcible entry 4) Provide access/check fire extension 5) Utility control Standard Medic Company Functions: 1) Function independently of their apparatus/truck 2) Attach as firefighters to other companies 3) Work off units on scene as back up personnel 4) Operate as engine, ladder, or rescue by assignment, attached to a unit 6 G) Every company will be expected to perform all basic functions safely within the limits of their capability, and it will be the ongoing responsibility of the IC to integrate company tasks and objectives as required with the on-scene units. 3.8 Strategic level water supply considerations A) Command is ultimately responsible for managing attack positions in either offensive of defensive strategies. The key to effective attack positioning is WATER. Water not only extinguishes the fire; it protects firefighters from the lethal products of combustion. B) The IC must have an acute awareness of the following water supply factors: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) What are the required fire flows for the incident? What are the projected fire flows we can actually produce? Do we have enough water to safely extinguish the fire? Where is the water supply coming from? Are the key tactical areas adequately supplied with water? What units have/need a water supply? How many large diameter openings can the supplied pumper(s) charge and pump? 8) Is there a need for pumped supply hose? C) When assigning an engine company to deploy and operate a hand line in the hazard zone, it is very important for the IC to specify what to do with the unit’s apparatus and where their hand line and/or water supply comes from. This manages attack positioning and prevents un-necessary congestion around the incident scene. 3.9 Strategic level attack line considerations A) When operating in the offensive strategy, attack hose lines of adequate volume should be used to put water on the fire, to control access through doors, halls, stairways, or other vertical and horizontal channels through which people and fire may travel. 1) All initial efforts must be directed towards controlling the fire. 7 2) Controlling the fire supports rescue efforts and hose lines must be placed in a manner to control interior access, confine/control the fire, and protect avenues of escape. 3) Water should be applied to the fire as quickly and as safely as possible. “Safely” is defined as: the further away from the fire that you can apply water on it, the safer it is for the occupants, the property, and firefighters. 4) Many times, it is much quicker and safer to apply water on the fire through outside horizontal openings using a straight stream or smooth bore nozzle. This is true for all fires, but especially true for fires that are visible on upper floors or higher elevations. 5) Additional hose lines should cover other critical areas or when covered, be prepared to back up in place hose lines if requested. 6) In situations involving larger structures, additional hose lines should be deployed to protect secondary means of egress (always consider the presence of personnel operating in opposing positions). 7) No uncharged hose lines past the entry point of a structure. All hose lines entering the hazard zone must be charged and have an adequate enough stream to protect entry crews. 8) No gated wyes past the entry point of a structure (entry point to IDLH) unless specific operations call for it such as a common hallway apartment complex and the wye stays in the stairwell. B) An offensive attack should achieve an effect on the fire very quickly once it is in place and operating. Consequently, backup plans should be developed quickly. If you apply water to an offensive attack position and the fire does not go out – react quickly. Back it up or re-deploy to a more effective position. 8 C) Predict where the fire is going to go and put crews in positions ahead of the fire. This is especially true when fighting fires in compartmentalized structures such as strip malls, apartments, or any compartment structure with a common attic space. D) Beware of hose lines that have been operating in the same place for long periods. Fire conditions should change for the better during the course of firefighting operations. The effect of hose line operations must be continually evaluated by the IC. E) A well placed IC is in the best position to evaluate the overall effectiveness of the fire attack, while interior crews are sometimes in the worst position to evaluate their effect on the fire. Command with continually compare interior control reports to what they can see from the command position. Whatever the IC sees with their own eyes from the command position must trump all other interior reports of “we’re getting it” when fire conditions haven not changed for the better. F) Company officers and/or S/D officers must assume responsibility for the effectiveness of their fire streams. These officers must maintain an awareness of where fire streams are going, their effectiveness, and then report the general operations characteristics back to the IC or S/D officer. 3.10 Fire stream considerations A) Choose the proper sized attack line: 1) 1 ¾” Lines: Fast, mobile, good volume, 150-200GPM 2) 2 ½” Lines: Reasonable speed, mobility difficulties depending on number of personnel and corners/floors. Variable volume depending on pump pressure and nozzle, up to 300+GPM 3) Engine Mounted or Ground Monitor Master Streams: Can be fast set up, large volume, great reach and penetration, 500-1,000GPM 9 4) Elevated Master Streams: Slow to set up but provide maximum water, 500-2,000GPM. B) Offensive attack activities must be highly mobile and rapid. As mobility is slowed, attack activities begin to become more defensive in nature and effect. 3.11 Tactical Priorities A) Once the overall incident strategy has been determined, the IC must manage the completion of the tactical priorities for the chosen strategy. Each strategy has a different set of tactical priorities that need completed. B) Tactical priorities provide the IC with a simple, short list of major categories that act as a practical 1-2-3 guide during the difficult initial stages of fire ground planning. The IAP must be short and simple. Complicated IAP’s tend to break down during this critical initial time. C) Generally, the IC tries to achieve the same basic objectives from one incident to the next. Tactical priorities offer a regular set of “hooks” on which the IC can hang tactical activities in order to develop a standard approach to solving incident problems. With this standard approach, the IC can manage the basic work to solve incident problems. With this standard approach, the IC can manage the basic work sequence at every incident, in the same manner. This creates consistency and dependability that continually creates standard actions to the current conditions. 3.12 Offensive incident action planning A) When an incident’s critical factors and the risk management plan indicate the offensive strategy, firefighting forces will enter the structure (hazard zone) to attempt to control the incident hazards. An offensive IAP is based on the standard offensive tactical priorities. B) Offensive strategy tactical priorities and their corresponding completion benchmarks: 10 1) “Water on the Fire” – First report of locating the fire and flowing water on it. 2) All Clear (A/C) – Primary and Secondary 3) Fire Control (F/C) – “Under Control” 4) Property Conservation – “Loss Stopped” 5) Customer Stabilization – Short term/Long term 6) Protect Workers – Ongoing 3.13 Offensive Fire Control Operations (TACTICAL PRIORITY #1) A) The IC manages this tactical priority by getting companies around all 7 sides of the fire and overwhelming it with water. The 7 sides of the fire are: • The interior/inside • • The top (includes ceilings, joist spaces, attics, and floors above) The bottom (includes the floor below, crawl spaces, joist spaces, and basements) • All four sides (includes walls, joists, attics, utility chases, void spaces, build-overs, etc.) B) The term “Working Fire” indicates a situation that will require at least the commitment of all initially responding companies. This report advises MECC Dispatch and other responding units that the companies will be engaged in tactical activities and will be held at the scene for an extended period of time. MECC will fill out the remainder of the 1st alarm if this is stated on the radio. C) When the forward progress of the fire is stopped and no other resource is required for control, the IC will transmit an “Under Control” radio report signifying that the fire control tactical benchmark has been obtained and no further resources will be required to mitigate the problem. This transitions the IC into a “Situation Contained” message to MECC Dispatch. D) Rules of thumb to apply when addressing the Fire Control tactical priority: 1) Always establish an early, uninterrupted water supply for interior fire suppression activities. 11 2) Consider mobility vs. GPM when selecting the properly sized hose line. 3) The highest priority during initial operations is putting water on the fire as quickly and safely as possible. 4) Any visible fire (inside or outside) should have water applied on it immediately from the safest position possible (as far away from the fire as possible in order to extinguish). 5) The initial interior hose line should be placed between the fire area and the most severe exposure (people or property). 6) All members in the hazard zone must be working under the protection of a hose line in their immediate geographic area. 7) Maximum distance inside a structure is 150 feet. 8) Interior work times must be tied to SCBA air supplies. The decision to exit the structure must be based on exiting with an air reserve of 33%. E) Command must consider the most critical direction and avenues of fire extension, plus the estimated speed of a standard fire progression, particularly as they affect: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Rescue activities Level of risk to firefighters Confinement efforts The concealed spaces that house the structure’s support elements Exposures F) Command must request and allocate adequate personnel and resources based upon this aforementioned fire spread evaluation. G) Command must direct whatever operations are required to get water on the fire as early as possible in the event. The rescue/fire control and extension/exposure problem is solved in the majority of cases by a fast, strong, well-placed attack that puts water on the fire as quickly and as safely as possible. 12 3.14 Offensive Search and Rescue Operations (TACTICAL PRIORITY #2) A) One of the major tactical priorities to accomplish in a residential setting is to search for and remove any savable, endangered occupants in the hazard zone, as well as to protect any citizens exposed to the incident’s hazards. B) For offensive structure fires, we achieve the life-safety priority by performing primary and secondary searches in the fire occupancy and in any exposures threatened by the fire. 1) Primary ALL-CLEAR is defined as a quick search and clearing of all affected areas of the structure(s). 2) Secondary ALL-CLEAR is defined as a much more thorough, methodical search of the affected areas of the structure(s) once the conditions in the structure(s) have been completely controlled. C) The IC uses the standard rescue order to prioritize and manage these searches. The rescue order is the standard order that we use to search a hazard zone: 1) 2) 3) 4) The most endangered occupants (Closest to the fire or above). The largest group The remainder of the fire area/structure The exposures D) We initiate the completion of the offensive tactical priorities by companies advancing attack lines into the interior of burning buildings. This fulfills the Rescue Order, as mentioned above, by: 1) Advancing initial lines directly to the most hazardous area of the building – the burning or burnt part (if a quick hit was used) – placed crews in the same area as the most endangered occupants. 2) Initial interior crews will be searching and protecting the same corridors that the occupants in the building would use to evacuate. 13 3) The hand line protects firefighters, it starts to control the problem, and it gives the search operation an “anchor point” to control the fire and then continue to address the other tactical priorities after fire control has been achieved. 4) All initial attack efforts must be directed toward fire control and verifying the 7 sides of the fire. E) The most urgent reason for calling additional alarms is for the purpose of covering the life safety aspect of an incident. F) Command must develop a realistic rescue size-up as early as possible. G) When encountering larger, high-density, compartmented, multi-unit/room residential structures, it is often more effective to implement a “protect in place” life safety operation as opposed to removing multiple people from a structure who are not directly exposed to the incident hazards. These actions should: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Contain, control, and eliminate the incident problem Secure and protect normal means of egress Remove the products of combustion Search and clear the immediate area(s) of involvement Systematically clear the remainder of the fire area/exposure(s) H) When primary search companies encounter and remove victims, Command must assign other companies to continue to cover the interior search positions vacated by those companies. Command must also request and provide the necessary medical resources to treat and/or transport any patients encountered on the incident site. I) Command must obtain Secondary ALL-CLEARs of affected areas once the first 2 tactical priorities have been achieved. J) Completed Primary and Secondary searches of the entire structure shall be announced over the tactical channel using the order model to dispatch. IC’s 14 shall avoid giving “piece meal” primary ALL-CLEAR reports to dispatch when multiple areas of a structure require search. K) Rules of thumb to apply when addressing the Search and Rescue tactical priority: 1) The 1st hand line should put water directly on the fire as quickly and as safely as possible for firefighter safety and to support completing primary and secondary searches. 2) In offensive working situations, “ALL-CLEARS” must be obtained for all residential occupancy types, regardless of a civilian stating “everyone is out”. 3) Smaller sized occupancies will accommodate more rapid searches. 4) Larger sized occupancies- all efforts should be directed towards fire control. 5) A thermal imaging camera (TIC) is used primarily for search and rescue and crew accountability – use it every time. 6) All personnel working in the hazard zone must either bring their own hand line or work under the protection of a hand line located in their same geographic location while performing search operations. 7) Once “ALL-CLEARS” have been gained in operational areas, the IC must constantly consider that we are the only life safety threat in the hazard zone. 3.15 Offensive Loss Control Operations (TACTICAL PRIORITY #3) A) All loss control operations start with putting the fire out. All three organizational levels must constantly remain aware that all of our actions are designed to protect savable property and control loss (from response to leaving the scene). B) After achieving fire control, we must direct all efforts on the incident scene towards controlling and preventing any unnecessary property damage. These efforts fall into 2 categories: 1) Overhaul 2) Salvage 15 C) Once the fire is controlled and knocked down, a loss-control plan should be developed to describe how salvage and overhaul will be performed for the specific incident. D) OVERHAUL 1) The goal of overhaul is to reduce the incidence of secondary fires, control loss, and stabilize the incident scene while providing for firefighter safety. 2) Overhaul activities include thoroughly searching the fire scene to detect and extinguish any hidden fires or “hot spots”. 3) Effective overhaul activities reduce the potential for secondary fires. When addressing overhaul operations, the IC should: a) Ensure overhaul is conducted safely. b) Ensure proper PPE is worn for the conditions. c) Ensure allied overhaul and salvage equipment are utilized when necessary d) Ensure all fire is extinguished by addressing all 7 sides. e) Ensure at least two firefighters with a charged hose line remain in the fire area to detect any possible hidden fire and/or reignition during the overhaul phase of the operation. f) Use early and continuous positive pressure ventilation when appropriate to maintain an acceptable working environment and reduce loss. g) Fire companies must evaluate and monitor conditions when operating fans. h) Meet with the property owner/occupant concerning overhaul operations. i) Closely coordinate overhaul with firefighters and/or investigators. j) Suppression crews should open up as many of the construction voids that were exposed to the fire as possible. 16 E) Salvage 1) Salvage includes the activities required to stop direct and indirect fire damage in addition to those required to minimize the effects of firefighting operations. This includes losses from water, smoke, and firefighting activities. 2) Salvage operations must be aimed at aggressively controlling loss by the most expedient means. Salvage objectives are: a) Stop or reduce the source of damage b) Protect or remove contents 3) Command will provide for salvage at all fires or other incidents posing potential damage to property. 4) Salvage operations most often involve early smoke removal and covering building contents with salvage covers or plastic. In some cases, the contents of threatened areas, where appropriate, can be moved to a safe location. When removal is not practical, contents should be grouped in the center of rooms, raised off the floor, and covered to provide maximum practical protection. 5) The following items should be considered when addressing salvage: a) b) c) d) Type, value, and location of contents The extent and location of the fire Recognition of existing and potential damage sources Estimate of required resources 6) Salvage efforts should begin in areas most severely threatened by damage. In most cases that will be areas directly adjacent to or below the fire area. Additional salvage activities should expand outward until all areas of potential loss are secured. 7) All firefighting activities have the potential to damage property and contents. The key to successful salvage is to distinguish between 17 excessive damage, and damage that is required to reduce further fire damage. All members must avoid creating excessive damage to the structure. The best philosophy to follow is to treat every house you respond to as if it were your own. Only do what is necessary to stop the loss. 3.16 Defensive Incident Action Planning A) A defensive situation is where the incident problem has evolved to the point that lives and property are no longer savable, and offensive tactics are no longer effective or safe. The entire defensive strategy is based on protecting firefighters. Firefighter safety is the #1 defensive priority. No firefighter should be injured on a defensive fire. B) Defensive strategy tactical priorities and their corresponding completion benchmarks: 1) 2) 3) 4) Define the hazard zone Establish cut-offs – forward progress stopped Search Exposures – Primary and Secondary “ALL CLEAR” Protect exposures – Fire Control C) Defensive operations represent a standard organizational response to situations that cannot be controlled with offensive tactics. When conditions go beyond the safety systems required for interior operations, the IC must conduct defensive operations from outside the hazard area. The IC must “write off” lost property and decide where the cut-off will take place (if there are exposures). D) Basic Defensive IAP: 1) 2) 3) 4) Identify critical fire ground factors Quick determination of resources Evaluate fire spread, “write off” lost property Search exposures 18 5) Protect exposures 6) Prioritize fire streams and provide big and well-placed streams connected to a water source. 3.17 Exposure Protection – Strategic Separation A) Arrangement becomes a major tactical critical factor with defensive fires. The way the main fire compartment/area is arranged to its neighboring exposures will dictate our operating positions on a defensive emergency scene. B) All exposures, both immediate and anticipated, must be identified and protected. The first priority in defensive operations is personnel safety; the second is exposure protection. C) Stand alone buildings with no significant exposures must have the collapse zone identified and all operating units will remain behind these defined boundaries – this perimeter must not be crossed. D) One thing that greatly reduces firefighters “creeping” toward the fire area is shutting down all small diameter hand lines (unless they are being used to directly protect exposures). This also diverts that water into master stream devices that can apply large amounts of water directly on the fire and the exposures. E) Many times, a defensive fire area will threaten exposures. These can be immediate exposures that directly connect to the fire area (apartments and strip malls) or they can be located in very close proximity to the fire area with little separation. F) All direct exposures not in the defensive fire area must be searched and protected whenever possible. This exposure protection involves: 1) Advancing hand lines into the exposure(s). 2) Clearing the exposures(s). 3) Opening up and verifying the concealed spaces directly exposed to the defensive fire conditions. 4) In some cases, direct water application to stop the lateral spread of fire. 19 5) In some case, once extension is verified, “write off” and move to the next exposure to get ahead of the fire. 6) In some case, it may be necessary to “write off” the entire exposure(s) due to rapid fire extension through common concealed spaces. G) Command must be very specific on separating the two (2) operating position strategies (Offensive vs. Defensive). The IC’s radio traffic when operating in the overall defensive strategy, while being offensive in the exposures, should sound like this: “All units operating on the fire ground from Main St. Command, we will be operating in the defensive strategy on the main fire occupancy and we will be in the offensive strategy in the Bravo 1 and Delta 1 exposures”. 3.18 Defensive Water Application A) Rules of thumb for defensive water application: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) Master streams are generally the most effective tactic to be deployed in defensive operations. Command must consider the effectiveness of aerial water application vs. ground operated master stream devices. A standard master stream flow of 750GPM should be the guideline for all master stream flows. Smaller diameter hand lines not directly protecting exposures should be shut down. When the exposures are severe and water is limited, the most effective tactic is to put water directly on the exposure. Once exposure protection is established, attention may be directed to knocking down the main body of fire and thermal column cooling. In the defensive strategy, “fire under control” means the forward progress of the fire has been stopped and the remaining fire can be extinguished with the current on scene resources; it does not mean the fire is completely out. 20 3.19 Defensive Loss Control A) No member shall enter the hazard zone of a defensive fire. Any structure that has defensive fire conditions over a short period of time shall not be entered by any personnel to perform any overhaul or loss control of any kind. B) Loss control activities in the offensive exposures of a defensive fire will follow the same procedures as offensive loss control activities. 21 This page intentionally left blank. 22