Periodontal Instruments PDF

Dr. OMER JAFAR NAGHSHBANDI D.D.S;M.S DIPLOMATE OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF PERIODONTOLOGY whoever taught me a word make me his servant Dr. Raul caffesse Dr. Jim Simon  Sign in Google...

Dr. OMER JAFAR NAGHSHBANDI D.D.S;M.S DIPLOMATE OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF PERIODONTOLOGY whoever taught me a word make me his servant Dr. Raul caffesse Dr. Jim Simon  Sign in Google Periodontal instruments Periodontal instruments are designed for specific purposes, such as removing calculus, planning root surfaces, curetting the gingival wall or removing diseased tissue. Periodontal instrument is composed of: a. Blade c. Handle a. Blade b. Shank b. Shank  Periodontal probes are Periodontic 5h ago. used to locate , measure mark pockets. Explorers are used to locate calculus Tishk dental hospital and 9k others 399 comments deposits and caries  A typical probe is a tapered rod-like instrument calibrated in millimeters with a blunt, rounded tip. Periodontal probes are used to measure the depth of the pocket and to determine their configuration. When measuring a pocket, the probe is inserted with a firm gentle pressure to the base of the pocket. The shank should be aligned with the long axis of the tooth surface to be probed. Furcation areas can be best evaluated with the curved, blunt Naber’s probe Periodontal probe with It is a 15 mm long Markings are seen Periodontal The tip of the probe markings or Calibrations periodontal probe with at 3,6,8 mm instrument with has a 0.5 mm ball at given in 3mm sections millimeter markings at markings – the tip and each millimeter and 1,2,3,5,7,8,9,10 millimeter markings color coding at 5 mm, mm. markings 4 at 3.5, 8.5 and 11.5 10 mm and 15 mm and 6 are missing mm and the color in the probe the codings are 3.5 to reason for this is 5.5 mm explained below.  Hoe scaler, chisel and file scalers are used to remove tenacious subgingival deposits. Curettes are used to plane the root surfaces by removing altered cementum and also, for scraping the soft tissue wall of the pocket. Sickle scalers, cumine universal. scaler, posterior Jacquette scaler, Morse scaler, surface scaler, cingulum scaler. SICKLE SCALERS Sickle scalers: Sickle scalers have a flat surface and two cutting edges that converge in a sharply-pointed tip. The arch-shape of the instrument makes the tip so strong that it will not break off during use. They appear triangular in cross-section. The sickle scaler is inserted under ledges of calculus no more than 1 mm below the gingival sulcus. It is used with a pull stroke. A: Curette B: sickle C: file D: Chisel E: hoe  The Morse sickle has a very small, miniature blade; it is useful in the mandibular, anterior area where there is narrow, interproximal space. Sickles with straight shanks are designed for use on anterior teeth and premolars. Sickle scalers with contra-angled shanks adapt to posterior teeth.  The curette is the instrument of choice for removing deep subgingival calculus, altered cementum, for root planning and for removing the soft tissue lining the periodontal pocket. Curette can be adapted to provide good access to deep pockets, with minimal soft tissue trauma. There are cutting edges on both sides of the blade. Both single and double-ended curette may be obtained depending upon the preference of the operator. The curved blade and rounded toe of the curette allows the blade to adapt better to the root surface. In cross- section the blade appears to be semicircular with a convex base. There are two basic types of curettes: a. Universal b. Area-specifi  Universal curettes have cutting edges that may be inserted in most areas of the dentition by altering and adapting the finger rest, fulcrum and hand position of the operator. The face of the blade of every universal curette is at a 90 degree angle to the lower shank, when seen in cross section from the tip. Example of universal curettes: Barnhart curettes # 1-2 and 5-6 and Columbia curettes # 13-14, 2R-2L and 4R 4L  Gracey curettes: They are area-specific curettes, designed and angled to adapt to specific anatomic areas of the dentition. These curettes and their modifications are probably the best instruments for subgingival scaling and root planing because they provide the best adaptation to complex root anatomy. The term offset blade is used to describe Gracey curettes, because they are angled approximately 60–70 degrees from the lower shank A: Universal curette B: Gracey curette. Double-ended Gracey curettes are paired in the following manner: Gracey # 1-2 and 3-4 : Gracey # 5-6 : Gracey # 7-8 and 9-10 : Gracey # 11-12 : Gracey # 13-14 : for anterior teeth for anterior teeth and premolars posterior teeth; facial and lingual posterior teeth; mesial posterior teeth; distal Recent additions to Gracey set are: Gracey # 15-16 and 17-18 : #15-16 is a modification of #11-12; # 17-18 is a modification of # 13-14. It has a shank elongated by 3 mm Sickle Scaler: Triangular shape, double-cutting edge, and pointed tip Curette: spoon-shaped blade and rounded tip. Used for removing plaque, scaling, curetting and removing stains Two types of ultrasonic units are: Magnetostrictive: Vibration of the tip is elliptical; hence all the sides can be used. Piezo-electric: Pattern of vibration of the tip is linear; only two sides of the tip are active. Ultrasonic vibrations range from 20,000 to 45,000 cycles/second. They operate in a wet field and have attached water outlets.  Used to visualize deep pockets and furcations during scaling and root planing.  Perioscopy using the dental A thoroughly clean root endoscope to treat advanced surface leads to a healthy periodontal disease (periodontitis) tissue response.  Rubber cups, brushes, dental tapes Air-powder abrasive system.  : Periodontal knives (Gingivectomy knives) Ex: Kirkland knife. Interdental knives Ex: Orban knife #1-2, Merrifield knife #1,2,3 and 4 Surgical blades Ex: # 12D, 15 and 15C. Electrosurgery (Radiosurgery) techniques and instrumentation: – Electrosection used for incisions, excisions and tissue planning. – Electrocoagulation, coagulation or hemorrhage control – Electrofulguration not in general use in dentistry – Electrodessication not in general use in dentistry  Required for the removal of granulation tissue, fibrous interdental tissue, and tenacious subgingival deposits. Examples: – Kramer curettes # 1, 2, 3 and Langer curettes. – Kirkland surgical instruments. – Ball scaler # B2-B3  Necessary to reflect and move the flap after the incision has been made for flap surgery. Example: Goldman Fox #14  They are used during periodontal surgery for removing and reshaping bone. Chisels are used with a push stroke whereas surgical hoes are used with a pull stroke. Example: Ochsenbein #1-2, chisel. Rhodes chisel  They are used primarily to smoothen rough, bony, ledges and to remove all areas of necrotic bone. Example: Schluger and Sugarman files  Used for removing tabs of tissue during gingivectomy, trimming the margins of flaps, enlarging incisions in periodontal abscesses and removing muscle attachments in mucogingival surgery Example: Goldman – Fox # 16 scissors.  They are used to suture the flap at the desired position. Example: Castroviejo needle holder