Malnutrition PDF

MALNUTRITION According to WHO "the cellular imbalance between the supply of nutrients and energy and the body's demand for them to ensure growth, maintenance, and specific functions” Type of the malnutrition Malnutrition is divided into two main types Under-nutrition Over-nutrition...

MALNUTRITION According to WHO "the cellular imbalance between the supply of nutrients and energy and the body's demand for them to ensure growth, maintenance, and specific functions” Type of the malnutrition Malnutrition is divided into two main types Under-nutrition Over-nutrition Nutritional deficiency malnutrition In under-nutrition nutrients are undersupplied, and in over-nutrition nutrients are over supplied both causes nutritional disorders. Disorder due to the malnutrition 1.Protein-energy malnutrition –Kwashiorkor –Marasmus 2.Under nutrition of vitamins and minerals 3. Obesity. Kwashiorkor (Between 1-3 years old children) Kwashiorkor is a form of severe protein malnutrition characterized by oedema and an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates. It is caused by sufficient calorie intake, but with insufficient protein consumption. MARASMUS The term marasmus is derived from the Greek word Marasmos, which means or “wasting”. Marasmus is a form of severe protein-energy malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency and emaciation (abnormally thin or weak)  Differences between Kwashiorkor and Marasmus Kwashiorkor Marasmus It develops in children whose diets are deficient of p It is due to deficiency of proteins and calories. rotein. It occurs in children between 6 months and 3 years It is common in infants under 1 year of age. of age. Subcutaneous fat is preserved. Subcutaneous fat is not preserved. Oedema is present. Oedema is absent. Enlarged fatty liver. No fatty liver. Ribs are not very prominent. Ribs become very prominent. Lethargic Alert and irritable. Muscle wasting mild or absent. Severe muscle wasting. Poor appetite. Voracious feeder. The person suffering from kwashiorkor needs adequ The person suffering from marasmus needs adequat ate amounts of proteins. e amounts of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. TYPES OF BERIBERI Wet beriberi: generalized edema, acute cardiac symptoms and prompt response to thiamine administration Dry beriberi: edema not present and neurological  Niacin (Vitamin B3) Deficiency Pellagra Pellagra is a disease caused by a lack of the vitamin niacin (vitamin B3). Symptoms include inflamed skin, diarrhea, dementia, and sores in the mouth Goitre Goitre is a swelling of the neck resulting from enlargement of the thyroid gland. A Goitre commonly develops as a result of iodine deficiency or inflammation of the thyroid gland.  Anaemia Iron-deficiency anemia is a common anaemia caused by insufficient dietary intake and absorption of iron, and/or iron loss from bleeding which can originate from a range of sources such as the intestinal, uterine or urinary tract. Rickets Rickets is a softening of bones in immature mammals due to deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D, phosphorus or calcium. Prevention And management malnutrition Plumpy-mum 75g sachet [408 kcal] Promotes healthy development of the foetus/child and helps prevent and treat acute malnutrition in Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women and Girls (PBWG) 1 sachet / day / woman Plumpy’Doz 50g sachet [270 kcal] Food supplement For children from 6 months old 1 sachet / day / children  Plumpy’Sup 100g sachet [540 kcal] Supplements breastfeeding and the usual diet For children from 6 months old Approximately 75 kcal / kg / day for 2 months  F-75 Therapeutic milk 400g tin [75 kcal/100ml formula] For the initial phase of treatment of severe acute malnutrition (or stabilisation phase), according to WHO protocol For cases of severe acute malnutrition with medical complications and/or no appetite For children from 6 months old  F-100 Therapeutic milk 400g tin [100 kcal/100ml formula] For the nutritional rehabilitation phase of treatment for severe acute malnutrition, according to the WHO protocol For cases of severe acute malnutrition who have an appetite and no major medical complications For children from 6 months old  Plumpy’Nut 92g sachet [500 kcal] For the treatment of severe acute malnutrition without medical complications and with appetite For children from 6 months old 150-185 kcal / kg / day for 4 to 8 weeks  Enov’Nutributter 20g sachet Prevents malnutrition and contributes to healthy child development For children aged 6 to 23 months 1 sachet / day / childern  Therapeutic CMV 800g tin For reconstitution, with other ingredients, of F- 75 and F-100 therapeutic milks For children suffering from severe acute malnutrition  Appéti’mix 4 kg bucket A high-protein, high-calorie paste enriched with vitamins and minerals Intended for mass catering To combat undernutrition in the elderly