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GP High Yield Sheet – Dr. Manar AlMansoor (RCSI Class of 2023) • • • • • • • • • • • • • What are predisposing factors for candidiasis? DM, immunosuppression, pregnancy, radiotherapy/chemotherapy, steroid treatment, Cushing’s or Addison’s disease, trauma, broad-spectrum antibiotics. N.B. Candid...

GP High Yield Sheet – Dr. Manar AlMansoor (RCSI Class of 2023) • • • • • • • • • • • • • What are predisposing factors for candidiasis? DM, immunosuppression, pregnancy, radiotherapy/chemotherapy, steroid treatment, Cushing’s or Addison’s disease, trauma, broad-spectrum antibiotics. N.B. Candida vaginal infection is only treated if symptomatic as many women are carriers and usually no need to treat partner unless overt infection. If recurrent, >4 attacks per year, rule out DM. Give oral fluconazole to treat and treat the partner in this case. What are the consequences of PID? Tubal infertility, ectopic pregnancy, tubo-ovarian abscess, chronic pelvic pain. PID PRESENTS WITH LOWER ABDOMINAL PAIN, ADNEXAL TENDERNESS AND CERVICAL EXCITATION What are the causes of PID? Mainly STIs caused by chlamydia and gonorrhea. Others also include: Gardnerella vaginalis, anaerobes, mycoplasma genitalium. What are the treatment options available for PID? o Ofloxacin/levofloxacin, metronidazole. OR o IM ceftriaxone single dose, oral doxycycline, oral metronidazole. OR o Oral moxifloxacin if M. genitalium isolated. What are the types of urethritis? o Gonococcal urethritis: treat with ceftriaxone IM and azithromycin PO. o Non-gonococcal urethritis (e.g., chlamydia, ureaplasma, mycoplasma genitalium, TV, adenoviruses, HSV): first-line agents include doxycycline (if no work? Azithromycin and metronidazole), azithromycin (Moxifloxacin and metronidazole OR doxycycline and metronidazole), ofloxacin (Doxycycline and metronidazole). How does PID present? Lower abdominal/pelvic pain, cervical excitation/cervical motion tenderness/Chandelier sign, adnexal tenderness, purulent discharge and abnormal bleeding, fever and malaise, deep dyspareunia. What are the causes of hyperuricemia? Drugs (e.g., cytotoxics, diuretics, ethambutol), increased cell turnover (e.g., lymphoma, leukemia, hemolysis, psoriasis), decreased excretion (e.g., primary gout, CKD, hyperparathyroidism), disorders of purine synthesis (e.g., Lesch-Nyhan syndrome). What are the medical conditions associated with pseudogout? OA, hyperparathyroidism, hemochromatosis. What are the x-ray findings in RA? Normal OR periarticular osteoporosis and soft tissue swelling in early disease OR loss of joint space, erosions and joint destruction in later stages. What do we need to check prior to starting DMARDs? Baseline U/E, Cr, eGFR, LFTs, FBC, urinalysis. What can be given with MTX to reduce its side effects? Folic acid or folate 5mg after weekly dose. What is Felty’s syndrome? RA, splenomegaly, leucopenia. It occurs in patients with longstanding RA. How do we diagnose PCOS? Based on Rotterdam criteria, 2/3 should be present: o Amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea: cycle >35 days or <10 periods/year. o PCO on US. 12 OR MORE FOLLICLES IN EACH OVARY, 2-9MM EACH, OR OVARIAN VOLUME >10CM