Lec 5 Infrared Radiation (IRR) PDF

① Lec - ed Radiation (IRR) I...

① Lec - ed Radiation (IRR) I - Dis - def Infrared radiation are electromagnetic. All of these non-luminous generators take wave with wavelength of 750 to 400 000 , nm some time to get heated up for the production and frequency 4 x1014 He and 7 5 A101He which. of infrared radiations, so they should be Longer than those of visible light switched on before 5-7 minutes of the. It is therefore generally invisible to the human treatment. ⑳ eye. 2. Luminous Generators: These generators are Any hot body cane produce infrared rays like in the form of incandescent lamps or bulbs. ⑳ the sun , electric bulb, coal fire , gas fire. An incandescent lamp consists of a wire ⑳ Sun is the natural source of infrared radiation. filament enclosed in a glass bulb, which may contain an inert gas at low pressure. ⑳ IR can be produced by artificial generators. In the physiotherapy department infrared rays are the maximum proportion of the rays having produced by two type generator: wavelength in the region of 1000 m. - 1.non luminous generators. (IRR)only 2.luminous generators.(IRR),(UV) and visible light. The front of the bulb is usually red so as to filter out the shorter visible and the ultraviolet And another classification due to wavelength are: rays. A. Near (short) infrared. Depth of Penetration of Rays B. Far (long) infrared. Luminous generator produces infrared rays 1. Non-luminous generators: consists of a simple having wavelength between 350 and 4000 nm. type of element or coil wound on a cylinder of It can penetrate into dermis and epidermis some insulating material such as porcelain. of the subcutaneous tissue. An electric current is passed through the wire which results in the production of heat. Non-luminous generator produces infrared rays of wavelength 750 to 15000 nm which This heat produces infrared rays which are can penetrate the superficial dermis only. 26 transmitted through the porcelain. Thus, infrared rays produced from a In another type of non-luminous generator, a luminous generator have more penetration steel tube within which an electric coil is power than that produced from non-luminous embedded on some material which is electric. generator. insulator but good conductor of heat is used. When there is acute inflammation or recent Electric current is passed through the central injury, the sedative effect of rays obtained coil and thus heat is produced. from non-luminous generator may prove more effective for relieving pain than the counter- The steel tube thus emits infrared rays. irritant effect of those from the luminous source.  For lesions of a more chronic type, the counter- irritant effect of the shorter rays may prove to be of value, and under these circumstances a luminous generator is chosen. Selection of the generator according to the area to be treated is done. If only one surface is to be treated, a lamp of a single element mounted on a reflector is used. If several aspects are required to be irradiated, Physiological effects a tunnel bath is more effective. Infrared treatment produces heating effect in the superficial epidermis and dermis, thus The temperature reached in a tunnel bath is resulting in vasodilatation which increases higher than produced by other lamps and this blood circulation in that area. This will lead to may be advantage if chronic lesions are to be more oxygen supply and nutrient supply in treated that area leading to draining of waste products resulting in the relief of pain. Luminous versus non-luminous IRR Indications and Therapeutic Effects -- (A)Relieving pain: Infrared radiations are effective in relieving pain. Mild heating on the superficial tissues by infrared radiations causes sedative effects ON the superficial sensory nerve endings. Pain may be due to accumulation of waste 1. Near (short) infrared: products of metabolism; an increased flow of It's the type of infrared light nearest to the blood through the part removes these visible light spectrum what's most of the sun's substances and thus relieves the pain. infrared spectrum is composed of. The pain due to acute inflammation or recent injury is relieved most effectively by mild 2. Far (long) infrared: heating. Far infrared is mainly absorbed by the water within our bodies and for that reason penetrates When pain is due to chronic injury or only < 5mm beneath the skin. inflammation, stronger heating is required. The treatment may last up to 30 minutes.  (B) Muscle relaxation: 4. Unconscious patient Relaxation of muscles is achieved by heating the 5. Patient moves closer to the lamp tissues. 6. Falls asleep during the treatment. Mild heating by infrared causes relaxation of 2.Electric shock: Electric shock can occur if muscles and thus relieves spasm. some exposed part of the circuit is touched by Relief of pain also induces relaxation in the patient. muscles and helps relieving muscle spasm Due to heating of the wires in the circuit, associated with injury or inflammation. insulation of wires may go off and thus regular checking of wires is necessary to avoid electric Relaxation of muscles provides greater range shock. of motion to the exercising part as it relieves muscular spasm. 3.Faintness or giddiness: Extensive irradiation may cause fall in blood pressure which may (C) Increasing blood supply: result in faintness or giddiness due to hypoxia Infrared radiations increase the temperature in of the brain. This is particularly common when the superficial tissues, causing vasodilatation in the patient rises up suddenly from the the superficial tissues. recumbent position after extensive treatment. It provides more white blood cells and fresh nutrients to the area being treated. It also 4. Headache: Irradiation of the back of the accelerates removal of waste products and helps head may cause headache. bring about resolution of inflammation. Headache may also occur when treatment is It is most beneficial in the treatment of various given during hot weather. arthritic conditions of joints which leads to inflammation and stiffness. Lots of fluid goes off the body in the form of Cases of post-immobilization stiffness. sweating during treatment. Fresh supply of blood rejuvenates the tissues, Plenty of water needs to be replenished removes waste products of metabolism and also during or after the treatment especially in relieves muscular spasm. hot weather. 5. Gangrene: Gangrene may be caused in the (D) Prior to other Treatments: areas of defective arterial blood supply (e.g. stretching, mobilization, traction, massage, following prolonged irradiation by infrared exercise therapy, electrical stimulation, and radiation. Arterial supply to the area being biofeedback). treated needs to be proper to avoid gangrene. - Dangers of Infrared Radiations CONTRAINDICATIONS I "ry to the L - 1. Burn: Excessive heating of superficial tissues 1. Defective arterial blood supply eyes : causes burn. Sensation must be checked before 2. Areas where there is danger of hemorrhage starting the treatment. The burn may be caused 3. Defective skin sensation due to the following reasons: 4. Directly over the eyes 1. If intensity of radiation is too high 5. after deep X-ray or cobalt therapy 2. If sensation is not proper 6. Known cases of tumors. 3. Patient fails to report over heating 7. Acute inflammatory conditions. 8. Acute skin diseases e.g., dermatitis or eczema