520 Exam 2 Study Guide PDF

B 520 Exam 2 Study Guide **Deadline: November 3rd, 2024** +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Name** | **Chapter** | **Topic** | **Information** | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | Josh...

B 520 Exam 2 Study Guide **Deadline: November 3rd, 2024** +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Name** | **Chapter** | **Topic** | **Information** | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | Josh | Ch 22: | 1. Instructions | Doxazosin | | | Antihypertensiv | and teaching | (Cardura, | | | e | for patient | Cardura XL) is | | | Drugs | newly started | the most | | | | on adrenergic | commonly used | | | | drug- Doxazosin | alpha1 blocker. | | | | | It reduces | | | | | peripheral | | | | | vascular | | | | | resistance and | | | | | blood pressure | | | | | by dilating | | | | | both arterial | | | | | and venous | | | | | blood vessels. | | | | | It is available | | | | | in immediate- | | | | | and | | | | | extended-releas | | | | | e | | | | | formulations. | | | | | When the drug | | | | | is released | | | | | from the | | | | | extended-releas | | | | | e | | | | | form, the | | | | | matrix of the | | | | | capsule is | | | | | expelled in the | | | | | stool. | | | | | | | | | | Educate | | | | | patients that | | | | | this will | | | | | happen, and | | | | | reassure that | | | | | the active drug | | | | | has been | | | | | absorbed. | | | | | Confusion over | | | | | the presence of | | | | | the capsule | | | | | matrix could | | | | | cause patients | | | | | to take more | | | | | than the | | | | | prescribed | | | | | dosage. | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Josh | Ch 22: | 2\. Counseling | P.349 | | | Antihypertensiv | a male | | | | e | patient about | Counsel and | | | Drugs | the possible | constantly | | | | adverse | monitor male | | | | effects/complic | patients | | | | ations | receiving | | | | of Beta | antihypertensiv | | | | Blockers | es | | | | | for complaints | | | | | of sexual | | | | | dysfunction. | | | | | This is | | | | | important | | | | | because the | | | | | patient may | | | | | experience | | | | | sexual | | | | | dysfunction | | | | | and, if the | | | | | patient is not | | | | | expecting it, | | | | | may not report | | | | | the problem and | | | | | decide to stop | | | | | taking the | | | | | medication | | | | | abruptly | | | | | | | | | | Once an | | | | | antihypertensiv | | | | | e | | | | | drug is stopped | | | | | abruptly, the | | | | | patient is then | | | | | placed at high | | | | | risk for | | | | | rebound | | | | | hypertension | | | | | and possible | | | | | stroke or other | | | | | complications | | | | | | | | | | Patients taking | | | | | beta blockers | | | | | may experience | | | | | an exacerbation | | | | | of respiratory | | | | | diseases such | | | | | as asthma, | | | | | bronchospasm, | | | | | and chronic | | | | | obstructive | | | | | pulmonary | | | | | disease | | | | | (because of | | | | | increased | | | | | bronchoconstric | | | | | tion | | | | | due to beta2 | | | | | blocking), or | | | | | an exacerbation | | | | | of heart | | | | | failure | | | | | (because of the | | | | | drug's negative | | | | | inotropic | | | | | effects, i.e., | | | | | decreased | | | | | contractility | | | | | as a result of | | | | | beta1 | | | | | blocking). | | | | | Provide clear | | | | | and concise | | | | | instructions | | | | | about reporting | | | | | adverse | | | | | effects, and | | | | | instructions | | | | | for taking | | | | | blood pressure | | | | | and pulse | | | | | rates. If a | | | | | beta 1 blocker | | | | | causes | | | | | shortness of | | | | | breath, it is | | | | | most likely | | | | | caused by edema | | | | | and/or | | | | | exacerbation of | | | | | heart failure | | | | | and needs to be | | | | | reported to the | | | | | prescriber | | | | | immediately. | | | | | Other symptoms | | | | | to report | | | | | include | | | | | dizziness, | | | | | postural | | | | | hypotension, | | | | | fluid | | | | | retention, | | | | | constipation, | | | | | or sexual | | | | | dysfunction. | | | | | See the box | | | | | "Patient-Center | | | | | ed | | | | | Care: Patient | | | | | Teaching" later | | | | | in the chapter | | | | | for more | | | | | information. | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Josh | Ch 22: | 3. | ACE Inhibitors: | | | Antihypertensiv | Angiotensin-con | Adverse Effects | | | e | verting | | | | Drugs | enzyme (ACE) | Fatigue | | | | inhibitors | | | | | adverse effects | Dizziness | | | | | | | | | | Headache | | | | | | | | | | Mood changes | | | | | | | | | | Impaired taste | | | | | | | | | | Possible | | | | | hyperkalemia | | | | | | | | | | Dry, | | | | | nonproductive | | | | | cough, which | | | | | reverses when | | | | | therapy is | | | | | stopped | | | | | | | | | | Angioedema: | | | | | rare but | | | | | potentially | | | | | fatal | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Josh | Ch 22: | 4\. Patient | Patient | | | Antihypertensiv | teaching and | teaching for | | | e | about | antihypertensiv | | | Drugs | antihypertensiv | e | | | | e | drug therapy | | | | drug therapy | involves | | | | (general | educating | | | | teaching) | patients on the | | | | | purpose, | | | | | administration, | | | | | and lifestyle | | | | | modifications | | | | | associated with | | | | | these | | | | | medications to | | | | | effectively | | | | | manage | | | | | hypertension | | | | | and prevent | | | | | complications. | | | | | | | | | | Patients should | | | | | understand that | | | | | antihypertensiv | | | | | e | | | | | drugs work by | | | | | reducing blood | | | | | pressure to | | | | | decrease the | | | | | risk of stroke, | | | | | heart attack, | | | | | and kidney | | | | | damage (p. | | | | | 462). It is | | | | | essential to | | | | | take the | | | | | medication at | | | | | the same time | | | | | each day to | | | | | maintain | | | | | consistent | | | | | blood levels | | | | | and avoid | | | | | abrupt | | | | | discontinuation | | | | | , | | | | | which could | | | | | lead to rebound | | | | | hypertension. | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Katie | Ch 23: | 5\. Correct | - - | | | Antianginal | technique | | | | Drugs | when | | | | | administering | | | | | topical | | | | | nitroglycerin | | | | | ointment | | | | | (previous | | | | | ointment | | | | | applications | | | | | and then new | | | | | ointment | | | | | application) | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Katie | Ch 23: | 6\. Review | - - | | | Antianginal | current | | | | Drugs | guidelines | | | | | what to do if | | | | | the chest | | | | | pain is not | | | | | relieved with | | | | | 1 dose of | | | | | sublingual | | | | | nitroglycerin | | | | | tablet after | | | | | 5 minutes. | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Katie | Ch 23: | 7. | - - - | | | Antianginal | Administration | | | | Drugs | of transdermal | | | | | nitroglycerin | | | | | patches and | | | | | application | | | | | skin sites | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Jae | Ch 23: | 8. Recommended | - - - | | | Antianginal | actions to help | | | | Drugs | reduce | | | | | tolerance to | | | | | transdermal | | | | | nitroglycerin | | | | | therapy | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Pauline | Ch 24: Heart | 9. | Conditions That | | | Failure Drugs | Complications | Predispose to | | | | related to | Digoxin | | | | patient taking | Toxicity | | | | Digoxin and | | | | | loop diuretics; | Hypokalemia | | | | signs/symptoms | | | | | of Digoxin | Use of cardiac | | | | toxicity | pacemaker | | | | | | | | | | Hepatic | | | | | dysfunction | | | | | | | | | | Hypercalcemia | | | | | | | | | | Dysrhythmias | | | | | | | | | | Hypothyroid, | | | | | respiratory, or | | | | | renal disease | | | | | | | | | | Advanced age | | | | | | | | | | Drugs that | | | | | lower serum | | | | | potassium or | | | | | magnesium | | | | | levels can | | | | | predispose | | | | | patients to | | | | | digoxin | | | | | toxicity. | | | | | | | | | | Before | | | | | administering | | | | | any dose of the | | | | | cardiac | | | | | glycoside, | | | | | digoxin, check | | | | | serum potassium | | | | | and magnesium | | | | | levels to be | | | | | sure they are | | | | | within normal | | | | | limits to help | | | | | limit/prevent | | | | | toxicity. | | | | | Always measure | | | | | the patient's | | | | | apical pulse | | | | | rate | | | | | (auscultate the | | | | | apical heart | | | | | rate, found at | | | | | the point of | | | | | maximal impulse | | | | | \[PMI\] located | | | | | at the fifth | | | | | left | | | | | midclavicular | | | | | intercostal | | | | | space) for 1 | | | | | full minute. If | | | | | the pulse rate | | | | | is 60 beats/min | | | | | or lower, or if | | | | | it is higher | | | | | than 100 | | | | | beats/min, you | | | | | will generally | | | | | withhold the | | | | | dose and notify | | | | | the prescriber | | | | | of the problem | | | | | immediately. | | | | | | | | | | Signs and | | | | | symptoms of | | | | | digoxin | | | | | toxicity | | | | | include | | | | | bradycardia, | | | | | headache, | | | | | dizziness, | | | | | confusion, | | | | | nausea, and | | | | | visual | | | | | disturbances | | | | | (blurred vision | | | | | or yellow | | | | | vision). With | | | | | toxicity, ECG | | | | | findings may | | | | | include heart | | | | | block, atrial | | | | | tachycardia | | | | | with block, or | | | | | ventricular | | | | | dysrhythmias. | | | | | | | | | | Lilley et al., | | | | | Pharmacology | | | | | and the Nursing | | | | | Process Page | | | | | 379 | | | | | | | | | | Question | | | | | | | | | | A patient is | | | | | receiving | | | | | digoxin 0.25 | | | | | mg/day as part | | | | | of treatment | | | | | for HF. The | | | | | nurse assesses | | | | | the patient | | | | | before | | | | | medication | | | | | administration. | | | | | Which | | | | | assessment | | | | | finding would | | | | | be of most | | | | | concern? | | | | | | | | | | A. B. C. D. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ANS: C | | | | | | | | | | The hypokalemia | | | | | may precipitate | | | | | digoxin | | | | | toxicity; | | | | | therefore, it | | | | | is the biggest | | | | | concern. The | | | | | apical pulse is | | | | | slightly under | | | | | 60 beats/min, | | | | | but bradycardia | | | | | may occur with | | | | | digoxin | | | | | therapy, and | | | | | the heart rate | | | | | should be | | | | | monitored. The | | | | | ankle edema may | | | | | be a | | | | | manifestation | | | | | of his HF and | | | | | not a new | | | | | concern. The | | | | | digoxin level | | | | | is within the | | | | | normal range. | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Pauline | Ch 24: Heart | 10\. Antidote | Digoxin immune | | | Failure Drugs | for a severe | Fab (Digifab) | | | | Digoxin | is the antidote | | | | overdose | for severe | | | | | digoxin | | | | | overdose and is | | | | | indicated for | | | | | the reversal of | | | | | life-threatenin | | | | | g | | | | | cardiotoxic | | | | | effects. Lilley | | | | | et al., | | | | | Pharmacology | | | | | and the Nursing | | | | | Process Page | | | | | 377 | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Pauline | Ch 24: Heart | 11\. Normal | Normal | | | Failure Drugs | therapeutic | therapeutic | | | | drug level of | levels for | | | | Digoxin | digoxin are 0.5 | | | | | to 2 ng/mL. Low | | | | | potassium or | | | | | magnesium | | | | | levels may | | | | | increase the | | | | | potential for | | | | | digoxin | | | | | toxicity. | | | | | Therefore | | | | | frequent | | | | | monitoring of | | | | | serum | | | | | electrolytes is | | | | | also important. | | | | | Lilley et al., | | | | | Pharmacology | | | | | and the Nursing | | | | | Process Page | | | | | 376 | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Pauline | Ch 24: Heart | 12. | Milrinone is | | | Failure Drugs | Administration | also referred | | | | of | to as an | | | | phosphodiestera | inodilator | | | | se | because it | | | | inhibitor- | exerts both a | | | | Milrinone and | positive | | | | its positive | inotropic | | | | inotropic | effect and a | | | | effect; what | vasodilatory | | | | are the | effect. | | | | effects? | Milrinone is | | | | | contraindicated | | | | | in cases of | | | | | known drug | | | | | allergy. | | | | | Milrinone is | | | | | available only | | | | | in injectable | | | | | form. | | | | | | | | | | Route: IV | | | | | | | | | | Onset of | | | | | Action: 5-15min | | | | | | | | | | Peak Plasma | | | | | Concentration: | | | | | Immediate | | | | | | | | | | Eliminatin | | | | | Half-Life: 2-3 | | | | | hr | | | | | | | | | | Duration of | | | | | Action: 8-10 hr | | | | | | | | | | Adverse effects | | | | | include cardiac | | | | | dysrhythmias, | | | | | headache, | | | | | hypokalemia, | | | | | tremor, | | | | | thrombocytopeni | | | | | a, | | | | | and elevated | | | | | liver enzyme | | | | | levels. | | | | | Interacting | | | | | drugs include | | | | | diuretics | | | | | (additive | | | | | hypotensive | | | | | effects) and | | | | | digoxin | | | | | (additive | | | | | inotropic | | | | | effects). | | | | | | | | | | Lilley et al., | | | | | Pharmacology | | | | | and the Nursing | | | | | Process Page | | | | | 375 | | | | | | | | | | **Positive | | | | | inotropic | | | | | effec**t---an | | | | | increase in the | | | | | force and | | | | | velocity of | | | | | myocardial | | | | | contraction | | | | | without a | | | | | corresponding | | | | | increase in | | | | | oxygen | | | | | consumption | | | | | | | | | | Review | | | | | Question: \#6 | | | | | chapter 24 | | | | | | | | | | The nurse is | | | | | administering | | | | | an intravenous | | | | | infusion of a | | | | | phosphodiestera | | | | | se | | | | | inhibitor to a | | | | | patient who has | | | | | heart failure. | | | | | The nurse will | | | | | evaluate the | | | | | patient for | | | | | which | | | | | therapeutic | | | | | effects? | | | | | (Select all | | | | | that apply.) | | | | | | | | | | a\. Positive | | | | | inotropic | | | | | effects | | | | | | | | | | b. Vasodilation | | | | | | | | | | c\. Decreased | | | | | heart rate | | | | | | | | | | d\. Increased | | | | | blood | | | | | pressure | | | | | | | | | | e\. Positive | | | | | chronotropic | | | | | effects | | | | | | | | | | ANS : A, B, E | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Nae | Ch 25: | 13\. Adenosine | \*Adenosine | | | Antidysrhythmic | administration | (Adenocard), an | | | Drugs | for an acute | antidysrhythmic | | | | episode of | drug, given | | | | paroxysmal | through a | | | | supraventricula | peripheral | | | | r | intravenous | | | | tachycardia. | (IV) due to its | | | | Shortly after | short life of | | | | administering | less than 10 | | | | this | secs, is mainly | | | | medication, | used when the | | | | what may | PSVT has failed | | | | happen? | to respond to | | | | | verapamil or | | | | | when a pt has | | | | | coexisting | | | | | conditions like | | | | | heart failure, | | | | | hypotension, or | | | | | left | | | | | ventricular | | | | | dysfunction | | | | | that limit the | | | | | use of | | | | | verapamil. | | | | | | | | | | \*It commonly | | | | | causes asystole | | | | | for a period of | | | | | seconds | | | | | | | | | | -After | | | | | administering | | | | | this | | | | | medication, it | | | | | slows down the | | | | | electrical | | | | | conduction time | | | | | through the AV | | | | | node, returning | | | | | the pt's sinus | | | | | heart rhythm | | | | | back to normal | | | | | and thereby | | | | | stopping | | | | | tachycardia. | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Nae | Ch 25: | 14\. Adverse | \*Lidocaine, an | | | Antidysrhythmic | effects of | antidysrhythmic | | | Drugs | continuous | drug used to | | | | infusion of | depress | | | | Lidocaine | ventricular | | | | when toxic | arrhythmias or | | | | levels are | used as a local | | | | reached | anesthetic drug | | | | | (numbing | | | | | effect). | | | | | | | | | | This drug has a | | | | | good safety | | | | | margin before | | | | | reaching toxic | | | | | blood levels | | | | | but when it | | | | | does reach | | | | | toxicity | | | | | levels, its | | | | | side effects | | | | | are: | | | | | | | | | | - - - - | | | | | - - - - | | | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Nae | Ch 25: | 15\. Potential | \*Antidysrhythm | | | Antidysrhythmic | adverse | ic | | | Drugs | effects of | drugs work by | | | | any | correcting | | | | antidysrhythmic | abnormal | | | | drug | cardiac | | | | | electrophysiolo | | | | | gic | | | | | function and | | | | | its main toxic | | | | | effects involve | | | | | the heart, | | | | | circulation & | | | | | central nervous | | | | | system (CNS). | | | | | Potential | | | | | adverse effects | | | | | are: | | | | | | | | | | -Cardiac | | | | | arrest, | | | | | hypersensitivit | | | | | y | | | | | reactions, | | | | | nausea, | | | | | vomiting, and | | | | | diarrhea. Other | | | | | common effects | | | | | include | | | | | dizziness, | | | | | headache, and | | | | | blurred vision. | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Renee | Ch 26: | 16\. Most | The most common | | | Coagulation | common | undesirable | | | Modifier Drugs | undesirable | effect of | | | | effects of | thrombolytic | | | | thrombolytic | therapy is | | | | therapy | bleeding. This | | | | | can range from | | | | | minor bleeding | | | | | (such as at the | | | | | injection site) | | | | | to major | | | | | bleeding (such | | | | | as intracranial | | | | | hemorrhage or | | | | | gastrointestina | | | | | l | | | | | bleeding). | | | | | Other side | | | | | effects may | | | | | include | | | | | hypotension, | | | | | fever, and | | | | | allergic | | | | | reactions. The | | | | | most common | | | | | bleeding can be | | | | | internal, | | | | | intracranial, | | | | | and superficial | | | | | bleeding. Other | | | | | problems | | | | | include | | | | | hypersensitivit | | | | | y, | | | | | anaphylactoid | | | | | reaction, | | | | | nausea, | | | | | vomiting, and | | | | | hypotension. | | | | | The drugs can | | | | | also induce | | | | | cardiac | | | | | dysrhythmias. | | | | | *Reference: | | | | | Lilley et al., | | | | | Pharmacology | | | | | and the Nursing | | | | | Process, p. | | | | | 418* | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Renee | Ch 26: | 17\. The | The primary | | | Coagulation | purpose for | purpose of | | | Modifier Drugs | receiving a | administering a | | | | thrombolytic | thrombolytic | | | | drug as part | drug during an | | | | of the | acute | | | | treatment for | myocardial | | | | acute | infarction | | | | myocardial | (AMI) is to | | | | infarction | dissolve the | | | | | blood clot that | | | | | is blocking the | | | | | coronary | | | | | artery. This | | | | | helps to | | | | | restore blood | | | | | flow to the | | | | | heart muscle, | | | | | thereby | | | | | minimizing | | | | | damage to the | | | | | heart tissue | | | | | and improving | | | | | patient | | | | | outcomes. | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Renee | Ch 26: | 18. Laboratory | The laboratory | | | Coagulation | test used to | test used to | | | Modifier Drugs | monitor Heparin | monitor Heparin | | | | therapy | therapy is the | | | | | activated | | | | | partial | | | | | thromboplastin | | | | | time (aPTT). | | | | | This test | | | | | measures the | | | | | time it takes | | | | | for blood to | | | | | clot and helps | | | | | ensure that | | | | | Heparin is | | | | | administered at | | | | | a therapeutic | | | | | level without | | | | | causing | | | | | excessive | | | | | bleeding. | | | | | | | | | | *Reference: | | | | | Lilley et al., | | | | | Pharmacology | | | | | and the Nursing | | | | | Process, p. | | | | | 427* | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Renee | Ch 26: | 19\. Antidote | The antidote | | | Coagulation | for heparin | for a Heparin | | | Modifier Drugs | overdose | overdose is | | | | | Protamine | | | | | sulfate. | | | | | Protamine | | | | | sulfate binds | | | | | to Heparin, | | | | | neutralizing | | | | | its | | | | | anticoagulant | | | | | effects and | | | | | reversing its | | | | | action. | | | | | | | | | | *Reference: | | | | | Lilley et al., | | | | | Pharmacology | | | | | and the Nursing | | | | | Process, p. 423 | | | | | SEE BOX 26.1.* | | | | | | | | | | *\*\*With subq | | | | | hep several | | | | | doses of | | | | | protamine | | | | | sulfate may be | | | | | needed to | | | | | reverse the | | | | | anticoagulant | | | | | effect because | | | | | of variable | | | | | absorption | | | | | rates of this | | | | | dosage form.* | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Z | Ch 27: | 20\. Drugs | **Garlic** | | | Antilipemic | that have a | (Allium | | | Drugs | potential | sativum) may | | | | interaction | interact with | | | | with garlic | **warfarin, | | | | | diazepam, and | | | | p\. 431 | protease | | | | | inhibitors**. | | | | | Use with | | | | | nonsteroidal | | | | | anti-inflammato | | | | | ry | | | | | drugs may | | | | | enhance | | | | | bleeding. May | | | | | interfere with | | | | | hypoglycemic | | | | | therapy. Garlic | | | | | obtains its | | | | | pharmacologic | | | | | effects from | | | | | the active | | | | | ingredient | | | | | allicin. | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Z | Ch 27: | 21\. Which | **Statins are | | | Antilipemic | class of | the class of | | | Drugs | antilipemic | drugs | | | | drugs is | associated with | | | | associated | myopathy | | | | with myopathy | (muscle | | | | (muscle | pain).** | | | | pain)? | | | | | | Hydroxymethylgl | | | | p\. 435 | utaryl--coenzym | | | | | e | | | | | A (HMG-CoA) | | | | | reductase | | | | | inhibitors | | | | | (statins), | | | | | include | | | | | lovastatin, | | | | | pravastatin, | | | | | simvastatin, | | | | | atorvastatin, | | | | | fluvastatin, | | | | | rosuvastatin, | | | | | and | | | | | pitavastatin. | | | | | | | | | | Myopathy may | | | | | progress to a | | | | | serious | | | | | condition known | | | | | as | | | | | rhabdomyolysis. | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Z | Ch 27: | 22\. The | **Ezetimibe** | | | Antilipemic | antilipemic | has a novel | | | Drugs | drug | mechanism of | | | | Ezetimibe | action in that | | | | works by | **it | | | | which | selectively | | | | mechanism? | inhibits | | | | | absorption of | | | | p\. 439 | cholesterol and | | | | | related sterols | | | | | in the small | | | | | intestine**. | | | | | The result is a | | | | | reduction in | | | | | several blood | | | | | lipid | | | | | parameters: | | | | | total | | | | | cholesterol | | | | | level, LDL | | | | | cholesterol | | | | | level, | | | | | apolipoprotein | | | | | B level, and | | | | | triglyceride | | | | | level. | | | | | | | | | | Ezetimibe | | | | | (Zetia) is | | | | | currently the | | | | | only | | | | | cholesterol | | | | | absorption | | | | | inhibitor | | | | | available. | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Olivia | Ch 28: Diuretic | 23\. Which | Potassium-spari | | | Drugs | diuretic drug | ng | | | | must be | diuretics | | | | monitored for | (**[Spironolact | | | | signs of | one]{.underline | | | | hyperkalemia? | }**, | | | | | Triamterene, | | | | | and Amiloride) | | | | | must be | | | | | monitored for | | | | | signs of | | | | | hyperkalemia. | | | | | Signs and | | | | | symptoms of | | | | | hyperkalemia | | | | | include nausea, | | | | | vomiting, and | | | | | diarrhea (see | | | | | Chapter 29), | | | | | with toxic | | | | | levels | | | | | manifested by | | | | | cardiac rhythm | | | | | abnormalities. | | | | | Potassium serum | | | | | levels must be | | | | | measured | | | | | because with | | | | | potassium-spari | | | | | ng | | | | | diuretics | | | | | potassium is | | | | | reabsorbed and | | | | | not excreted. | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Olivia | Ch 28: Diuretic | 24\. The | Loop diuretics | | | Drugs | mechanisms of | have renal, | | | | action of | cardiovascular, | | | | loop | and metabolic | | | | diuretics | effects. They | | | | | act primarily | | | | | along the thick | | | | | ascending limb | | | | | of the loop of | | | | | Henle blocking | | | | | chloride and, | | | | | secondarily, | | | | | sodium | | | | | resorption. | | | | | Loop diuretics | | | | | are also | | | | | thought to | | | | | activate renal | | | | | prostaglandins, | | | | | which results | | | | | in dilation of | | | | | the blood | | | | | vessels of the | | | | | kidneys, the | | | | | lungs, and the | | | | | rest of the | | | | | body (i.e., | | | | | reduction in | | | | | renal, | | | | | pulmonary, and | | | | | systemic | | | | | vascular | | | | | resistance). | | | | | | | | | | - - | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Olivia | Ch 28: Diuretic | 25\. Patient | Instruct | | | Drugs | teaching to | patients to | | | | take a single | take a | | | | dose diuretic | single-dose | | | | (at which | diuretic in the | | | | time of the | morning to | | | | day?) so it | avoid | | | | is least | interference | | | | disruptive to | with sleep | | | | their daily | patterns. | | | | routine | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Olivia | Ch 30: | 26\. Uses of | Desmopressin | | | Pituitary Drugs | Desmopressin | affects the | | | | | posterior | | | | | pituitary gland | | | | | by mimicking | | | | | the actions of | | | | | the | | | | | antidiuretic | | | | | hormone (ADH). | | | | | It has no | | | | | vasoconstrictor | | | | | properties and | | | | | is used in the | | | | | treatment of | | | | | **diabetes | | | | | insipidus by | | | | | controlling or | | | | | preventing | | | | | polydipsia** | | | | | (excessive | | | | | thirst)**, | | | | | polyuria, and | | | | | dehydration**. | | | | | Desmopressin is | | | | | also useful in | | | | | the treatment | | | | | of **hemophilia | | | | | A** and **type | | | | | I von | | | | | Willebrand | | | | | disease** | | | | | because of its | | | | | effects on | | | | | various | | | | | blood-clotting | | | | | factors. | | | | | Desmopressin is | | | | | also used for | | | | | management of | | | | | **nocturnal | | | | | enuresis** | | | | | (bedwetting). | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Olivia | Ch 30: | 27. Therapeutic | Vasopressin | | | Pituitary Drugs | responses | decreases urine | | | | expected with | output and | | | | Vasopressin | increases urine | | | | | osmolality in | | | | | diabetes | | | | | insipidus (also | | | | | increases blood | | | | | pressure). An | | | | | improvement in | | | | | diabetes | | | | | insipidus, | | | | | esophageal | | | | | varices, or | | | | | vasodilatory | | | | | shock is | | | | | expected with | | | | | vasopressin. | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Savanna | Ch 30: | 28. Cosyntropin | Used for | | | Pituitary Drugs | is used for the | diagnosis of | | | | diagnosis of | adrenocortical | | | | which | insufficiency | | | | condition? | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Marcus | Ch 31: Thyroid | 29. | Contraindicatio | | | and Antithyroid | Contraindicatio | ns | | | Drugs | ns | to thyroid | | | | to thyroid | preparations | | | | hormone | include: | | | | replacement in | | | | | newly diagnosed | - - - - | | | | patient with | | | | | hypothyroidism | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Marcus | Ch 31: Thyroid | 30\. Teaching | - - - - | | | and Antithyroid | a patient who | - - - - | | | Drugs | is taking | - - | | | | propylthiouraci | | | | | l | | | | | for | | | | | hyperthyroidism | | | | | about how | | | | | this medicine | | | | | works | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Marcus | Ch 31: Thyroid | 31\. How long | It may take | | | and Antithyroid | does it take | several weeks | | | Drugs | to see the | to see the full | | | | full | therapeutic | | | | therapeutic | effects of | | | | effects of | thyroid drugs. | | | | thyroid | | | | | drugs? | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Marcus | Ch 31: Thyroid | 32\. Which | Levothyroxine | | | and Antithyroid | time of the | and Liotrix | | | Drugs | day (morning, | should both be | | | | noon, evening | taken on an | | | | etc.) should | empty stomach, | | | | thyroid | early in the | | | | hormone | morning 30-60 | | | | replacement | minutes before | | | | be | the first meal. | | | | administered? | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Alex | Ch 32: Diabetes | 33\. Early | Hypoglycemia is | | | Drugs | signs/symptoms | defined as | | | | of | abnormally low | | | | hypoglycemia | blood glucose | | | | | levels (below | | | | | 70 mg/dL. | | | | | | | | | | **Early signs** | | | | | include: | | | | | confusion, | | | | | irritability, | | | | | tremors, | | | | | sweating | | | | | | | | | | **Late signs** | | | | | include: | | | | | Hypothermia, | | | | | seizures | | | | | | | | | | - - | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Alex | Ch 32: Diabetes | 34\. If mixing | - | | | Drugs | two different | | | | | insulins in | | | | | one syringe, | | | | | which insulin | | | | | is always | | | | | drawn up into | | | | | the syringe | | | | | first? | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Alex | Ch 32: Diabetes | 35\. Treatment | - - - | | | Drugs | of severe | | | | | hypoglycemia | | | | | when the | | | | | patient is | | | | | *unconscious* | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Alex | Ch 32: Diabetes | 36\. Adverse | **Adverse | | | Drugs | effects of | effects | | | | metformin and | include:** | | | | patient | | | | | teaching | - - | | | | about the | | | | | reduction of | - - - | | | | these adverse | | | | | effects | **Patient | | | | | Teaching:** | | | | | | | | | | - - | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Katie | Ch 33: Adrenal | 37\. Drug | - - - | | | Drugs | classes that | | | | | should be | (Page 521) | | | | avoided when | | | | | taken with | | | | | corticosteroids | | | | | due to their | | | | | additive | | | | | gastrointestina | | | | | l | | | | | effects | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Katie | Ch 33: Adrenal | 38\. Possible | - - - - | | | Drugs | body changes | | | | | that may | | | | | occur with | (Page 523) | | | | long-term | | | | | prednisone | | | | | therapy | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Katie | Ch 33: Adrenal | 39. Conditions | - - | | | Drugs | that are | | | | | contraindicatio | - - | | | | ns | | | | | to the | | | | | administration | | | | | of | | | | | glucocorticoids | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Katie | Ch 33: Adrenal | 40\. Potential | - - - - | | | Drugs | effects of | - - - - | | | | long-term | | | | | corticoid | | | | | therapy on | (Page 521) | | | | wound healing | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Nga | Ch 34: Women's | 41. | p.531 | | | Health Drugs | Contraindicatio | | | | | ns | Contraindicatio | | | | to | ns | | | | Estrogen-based | for estrogen | | | | contraception | administration | | | | | include known | | | | | drug allergy, | | | | | any | | | | | estrogen-depend | | | | | ent | | | | | cancer, | | | | | undiagnosed | | | | | abnormal | | | | | vaginal | | | | | bleeding, | | | | | pregnancy, and | | | | | active | | | | | thromboembolic | | | | | disorder (e.g., | | | | | stroke, | | | | | thrombophlebiti | | | | | s) | | | | | or a history of | | | | | such a | | | | | disorder. | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Nga | Ch 34: Women's | 42. Indications | p.540 | | | Health Drugs | for the | | | | | administration | Oxytocin is | | | | of oxytocin | also used to | | | | during labor | prevent or | | | | | control uterine | | | | | bleeding after | | | | | delivery, to | | | | | induce | | | | | completion of | | | | | an incomplete | | | | | abortion | | | | | (including | | | | | miscarriages), | | | | | and to promote | | | | | milk ejection | | | | | during | | | | | lactation. | | | | | Oxytocin is | | | | | available in a | | | | | synthetic | | | | | injectable form | | | | | (e.g., | | | | | Pitocin). This | | | | | drug is used to | | | | | induce labor at | | | | | or near | | | | | full-term | | | | | gestation and | | | | | to enhance | | | | | labor when | | | | | uterine | | | | | contractions | | | | | are weak and | | | | | ineffective. | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Nga | Ch 35: Men's | 43\. A patient | P.552 | | | Health Drugs | is receiving | | | | | finasteride | Finasteride has | | | | for treatment | been reported | | | | of benign | to cause | | | | prostatic | increased hair | | | | hyperplasia. | growth, loss of | | | | What are | libido, loss of | | | | possible side | erection, | | | | effects of | ejaculatory | | | | this | dysfunction, | | | | medication? | hypersensitivit | | | | | y | | | | | reactions, | | | | | gynecomastia, | | | | | and severe | | | | | myopathy. The | | | | | drug has also | | | | | caused a 50% | | | | | decrease in | | | | | prostate-specif | | | | | ic | | | | | antigen (PSA) | | | | | concentrations. | | | | | Pregnant women | | | | | must not handle | | | | | crushed or | | | | | broken tablets | | | | | on a regular | | | | | basis because | | | | | of the | | | | | possibility of | | | | | topical | | | | | absorption, | | | | | which can lead | | | | | to teratogenic | | | | | effects. | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Nga | Ch 35: Men's | 44\. Possible | P.551 | | | Health Drugs | problems that | | | | | may occur if | Sildenafil, | | | | sildenafil is | vardenafil, | | | | taken with a | tadalafil, and | | | | nitrate | avanafil may | | | | | cause severe | | | | | hypotension | | | | | when given | | | | | together with | | | | | nitrates such | | | | | as | | | | | nitroglycerin, | | | | | isosorbide | | | | | mononitrate, or | | | | | isosorbide | | | | | dinitrate (see | | | | | Chapter 23). | | | |