Scope and Delimitation PDF

INDICATES SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF STUDY Practical Research 2 SCOPE THE SCOPE DESCRIBES THE COVERAGE OF THE STUDY. IT SPECIFIES WHAT IS COVERED IN TERMS OF CONCEPT, NUMBER OF SUBJECTS OR THE POPULATION INCLUDED IN THE STUDY, AS WELL AS THE TIMELINE WHEN THE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED. DELIMITATION Del...

INDICATES SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF STUDY Practical Research 2 SCOPE THE SCOPE DESCRIBES THE COVERAGE OF THE STUDY. IT SPECIFIES WHAT IS COVERED IN TERMS OF CONCEPT, NUMBER OF SUBJECTS OR THE POPULATION INCLUDED IN THE STUDY, AS WELL AS THE TIMELINE WHEN THE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED. DELIMITATION Delimit by citing factors or variables that are not to be included and the boundary in terms of time frame, number of subjects, participants or respondents who are excluded. Specify that which you will not deal within the study. CONTENT OF SCOPE AND DELIMITATION It answers the basic question: 1. What – the topic of investigation and the variables included 2. Where – the venue or the setting of the research 3. When – the time frame by which the study was conducted CONTENT OF SCOPE AND DELIMITATION 4. Why – the general objectives of the research 5. Who- the subject of the study, the population and sampling? 6. How- the methodology of the research which may include the research design, methodology and the research instrument It may also discuss why certain variables were not included in the research. Example: This study aimed to evaluate the status and extent of implementation of the Computer Education Program in the Division of Rizal for the School Year 20152016. It considers the personal information of both teachers and students such as sex, field of specialization, educational attainment, length of service, trainings attended, family income, educational background, accessibility of the computer and performance in both English and Mathematics to serve as the profile of the respondents. The extent of Computer Education Program Implementation was also elicited through considering the teaching and learning competencies, teaching techniques and content of instruction. However, because the time and funds are quite limited, the researcher covers only forty percent (40%) of the total population. Sixty (60) out of one hundred fifty (150) teachers and one thousand two hundred (1200) out of three thousand (3000) students were randomly chosen to answer the questionnaires. DEFINITION OF TERMS Practical Research 2 Definition of Terms Definition of Terms is also called as Operational Definition of Variables (ODV). The word operational refers to “how the word/term was used in the study. At the same time, the variables are the elements essential to the study. Definition of Terms There are two ways in defining the terms, the conceptual and operational definition. The conceptual def inition is the meaning of the term that is based on how it is defined in the dictionary or encyclopedia. Operational def inition, on the other hand, is the meaning of the term based on how it was used in the study. Benefits of Having Definition of Terms 1. It is a useful place to include technical terms in the topic of the research questions. 2. It can clarify the definition of term, especially if it has a different meaning. Define the term according to how it was used in the study. 3. It makes it easier to revisit or check the meaning of a term instead of trying to locate it through the paper. 4. Helps to ensure that the reader can understand the technical terminologies and jargons while reading the paper. Guidelines on How to Write the Definition of Terms 1. Write a brief introductory statement. It must shortly describe the content of the definition of terms. 2. List/write the words/terms (which are technical) that would be included (make sure that the variables and key terms found in the title are included). 3. The terms should be arranged alphabetically. Guidelines on How to Write the Definition of Terms 4. Indention should be applied to each term. 5. The term should be followed with a period. 6. It can be underlined or not. 7. It can be bold and italic or not. Guidelines on How to Write the Definition of Terms 8. It does not have to be lengthy (direct to the point). 9. Acronym/initials should be defined clearly. Complete name should be written first, followed by the acronym/initials in open-close parenthesis, then the definition/meaning. Guidelines on How to Write the Definition of Terms 10. Do not overflow with technical terms (only those relevant and significant to the study). 11. Keep the definition brief and basic. You will elaborate on it more in the body of your paper. Example of Writing Operational Definition of Terms Face to face. This refers to one of the modalities used in learning delivery in which the teacher and students should be in the same place or setting, such as the classroom. Module. Teaching modules are guides of the topics and lessons of a specific subject given to students under the modular method. It is also an alternative distance learning delivery in which students are required to read and answer the activities specified in the module. Online. It refers to another form of distance learning wherein the teacher and students will have their lessons using internet connectivity. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS Practical Research 2 Hypothesis A Hypothesis is a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables. It is a specific and testable prediction on what you expect to happen with the variables in your study. Hypothesis It is also described as an “educated guess” of what possibly the result would be of your research, which should be supported on existing theories and knowledge. Types of Research Hypothesis 1. Simple Hypothesis A simple hypothesis is a prediction of the relationship between two variables, the independent variable and the dependent variable. It shows a connection between one independent variable and a single dependent variable (https://bit.ly/37UCE9q). Example: The higher the poverty rate in society (one independent variable), the higher the number would be the out of school youth (one dependent variable). Types of Research Hypothesis 2. Complex hypothesis The complex hypothesis reflects the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable. It expresses a connection between two or more independent variables and two or more dependent variables (https://bit.ly/37UCE9q). Example: Eating more vegetables and fresh fruits (independent variables) leads to boost immune system and enhance blood circulation and digestion (dependent variables). Types of Research Hypothesis 3. Empirical Hypothesis An empirical hypothesis is also called as the “working hypothesis.” It is presumed to explain certain facts and relationships of phenomena. It comes to life when a theory is being put to the test, using observation and experiment. From the name itself “working,” it would mean that it can be changed or replace anytime as soon as it is no longer supported or accepted base on the observation and experimentation being done. It is going through some trial and error and perhaps changing around those independent variables (https://bit.ly/37UCE9q). Example: Plants watered everyday grow faster than plants watered once a week. (Here, trial and error are leading to a series of findings). Types of Research Hypothesis 4. Logical hypothesis Logical hypothesis expresses explanation with limited evidence that can be verified logically. It reflects a relationship of the variables which are anchored based on logical phenomena. Sometimes, a logical hypothesis can be turned into an empirical hypothesis in which you have to test your theories and postulates (https://bit.ly/37UCE9q). Example: Tomato plants bear fruit faster in Earth than in Moon. (Until we are can test the soil and plant growth in Moon's ground, the evidence for this claim will be limited, and the hypothesis will only remain logical). Types of Research Hypothesis 5. Statistical hypothesis A statistical hypothesis is an analysis of a portion of a population. It can be verified statistically. The variables in a statistical hypothesis can be transformed into quantifiable sub-variable to assess it statistically (https://bit.ly/37UCE9q). Example: If your research is about the psychosocial development of K-3 pupils of the private and public schools in the city, you would want to examine every single K-3 pupil in the city. It is not practical. Therefore, you would conduct your research using a statistical hypothesis or a sample of the K-3 pupil population. Types of Research Hypothesis 6. Null hypothesis The null hypothesis is denoted with the symbol Ho It exists when you consider that there is no relationship between the independent and dependent variables or that there is an insufficient amount of information to claim a scientific hypothesis (McLeod, 2020). Example: There is no significant change in my health, whether I exercise every day or not. Types of Research Hypothesis 7. Alternative hypothesis An alternative hypothesis is denoted with the symbol (Ha). It is an alternate statement expressed to be tested in order to generate the desired output when the empirical or working hypothesis is not accepted. In an attempt to disprove a null hypothesis, you tend to seek an alternative hypothesis (McLeod, 2020). Ex: My health improves during the times when I sleep 8 hours a day than sleeping for 4 hours only. Assignment Submit the following sections of the chapter 1 of your research paper: 1. Definition of Terms 2. Statement of Hypothesis Assignment Prepare for the summative test next meeting on the Rationale of the Study, SOP, Scope and Delimation, Definition of Terms, and Statement of Hypothesis.