III-Unit-2 PDF

UNIT 2: IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM AND ASKING THE QUESTION INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATION & IMMERSION  LESSONS:  Background of the Problem  Conceptual Framework  Research Hypothesis (for Quantitative Research)  Statement of the Problem  Importance of the study  Scope and limitations of the...

UNIT 2: IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM AND ASKING THE QUESTION INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATION & IMMERSION  LESSONS:  Background of the Problem  Conceptual Framework  Research Hypothesis (for Quantitative Research)  Statement of the Problem  Importance of the study  Scope and limitations of the study  Definition of terms BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY HAS FOUR ELEMENTS: The problem itself, stated clearly and with enough contextual detail to establish why it is important; (What is the topic all about and why there’s a need for study) Related Studies (What do other researchers say about your topic?) The Gap (what is the difference of your study from the existing ones? ) The method of solving the problem, often stated as a claim or a working thesis (How will you address the gap? How will you arrive to the answers to your queries?)  CONCEPTUAL & THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK A Conceptual Framework is an analytical tool with several variations and contexts that can be applied in different categories of work where an overall picture is needed to come up with the desired goal. It is necessary to make conceptual and theoretical distinctions and organize ideas. Strong and resilient conceptual frameworks capture and apprehend something real and do this in a way that is easy to remember and apply. The theoretical and conceptual frameworks provide evidence of academic standards and procedures that validates the authenticity of the study. They also proposed an explanation and clarification of why the study is relevant and how the researcher expects to fill the gap in the literature. EXAMPLE OF THEORIES THAT CAN BE USED TO FORM THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY EXAMPLE OF THEORIES THAT CAN BE USED TO FORM THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY  HOW TO CREATE A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK A conceptual framework is a bit like a recipe or a blueprint. It provides an outline of how you plan to conduct the research of your thesis, but it goes further than that by also positioning your work within the larger field of research. 1. Conduct a Literature Review Before you can have your research, you need to understand and comprehend what research has already been conducted on your topic of interest and curiosity. Conducting a literature review can help you to ref ine your central argument or hypothesis. You must also conduct and gather the literature review to be able to place and organize your work within the larger and greater area of study in your conceptual framework. Your framework should present the relevant research ad show how your work will help to advance the field. 2. Create a Flow Chart Conceptual frameworks are frequently visual and allow those reading the framework to understand the course of your research. You can present this in whatever way makes the most sense for your work, which can include a flowchart, mind gap or diagram. In every component of your research, you should showcase the variables that influence it. 3. Write a Narrative Conceptual frameworks don’t have to include a diagram or graphic. You can always present the same information and evidence by writing a narrative. Your narrative should recap the variables inf lu encing your research and explore how they may change the hypothesis. The narrative should also explain and enlighten the basic methodology for your research. If you include a diagram in your conceptual framework, a narrative should also be included explaining these details for those who prefer more in-depth information. Bolded headers to separate the sections of your narrative and to create a visual order of information. 4. Return and Revise As you begin your research, you may discover that certain elements of your conceptual framework are no longer needed. You will discover new variables, or you may identify that your hypothesis is incorrect. You may discover additional research that challenges your theory and ideas. You should return to your framework and revise it if necessary.  RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS (FOR QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH) Research Hypothesis is vital to all research endeavors, whether qualitative or quantitative, exploratory or explanatory. In developing a testable research hypothesis, it takes skill, however, along with careful attention to how the proposed research method treats the development and testing of hypotheses. The hypothesis in your study, you are predicting the relationship between two variables.  SOME HINTS FOR THE FORMULATION OF YOUR HYPOTHESIS. Be certain to read on the subject matter to explain with it before making a final decision As noted, a research hypothesis is more than just a topic. It has two elements (variables) that are in relation to each other. Your hypothesis is what you propose to “prove” by your research. As an outcome of your research, you will arrive at a conclusion, a theory, or understanding that will be useful or applicable beyond the research itself. Avoid judgmental and critical words in your hypothesis.  SOME HINTS FOR THE FORMULATION OF YOUR HYPOTHESIS. Your hypothesis must involve an issue or question that cannot be answered exclusively by the discipline of law. Be certain that each term if your hypothesis is clearly understood and defined, do not deal in generalities or assume that the reader knows the meaning of the technical term. Specify, if appropriate, whether you will be dealing with state or federal law or both on a comparative basis if appropriate. Know that your hypothesis may change over time as your research progresses.  You must obtain the teacher’s approval of your hypothesis, as well as any modifications to your hypothesis, before proceeding with any work on the topic. You can express your hypothesis in 3 ways: As a one-sentence hypothesis. As a research question. As a title for your paper. Example: Question: Does taking aspirin everyday reduce the chance of having a heart attack? Null Hypothesis: Taking aspirin daily does not affect heart attack risk.  WRITING A STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM After identifying a research problem, the next step is to write a problem statement. It has to be concise and concrete. Writing a problem statement can help the researcher put the topic in context and have a deeper understanding of its significance. A problem statement may be written in several paragraphs or in several sentences incorporated in the introduction. Problem statement should address the relevance of the research: why is it important to resolve the problem. The problem statement need not lay world-changing impact. What is important is that the problem statement should lay how you intend to address the problem. Your goal should not be to find a conclusive solution, but to seek out the reasons behind the problem and propose more effective approaches to understanding it. You may start with the following phrases: a) The aim of this study is to determine… b) This project aims to explore… c) This study aims to investigate…  PURPOSE OF THE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: To describe the substantive focus of the research study To frame it as A larger theoretical policy A practical problem and thereby, develop its significance To pose initial research questions To forecast the literature to be discussed in the second section To discuss the limitations of the study.  SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This portion discusses how to write this section and provides an example to illustrate the different techniques. In an actual fact, the section on the significance of the study provides information to the reader on how the study will contribute. It must be exactly stated, however, what the study will contribute and who will benefit from it.  SAMPLE SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY OF THE STUDY: The scope and delimitation of the study set borders and limitations of the problem inquiry and narrow down the scope of the inquiry. The purpose of the delimitation of the study is to delimit by geographic location, age, sex, population traits, population size, or other similar aspects. Delimitation makes study more manageable and feasible. Part of it sets the constraints or weaknesses of a study which are beyond the control of the researcher.  EXAMPLES OF DELIMITATION OF RESEARCH This study covers only those families in Barangay San Jose, Pasig City, benefited by the government’s Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program. This study includes only those English freshman classes that use both Blended Learning and standard ways of Language teaching.  DEFINITION OF TERMS Glossary of Research Terms- this glossary is intended to assist you in understanding commonly used terms and concepts when reading, interpreting, and evaluating scholarly research in the social sciences. Types and Functions : Conceptual Definition - Refers to the dictionary meaning. Operational Definition - The meaning of the concept or terms as used in a particular study. CHAPTER 1 – RESEARCH INTRODUCTION FORMAT: Background of the Study Statement of the Problem/ Objectievs Framework of the Study Research Hypothesis/ Assumptions Significance of the Study Scope and Limitation Definition of Terms