BIOL 1100 General Botany Lecture Notes PDF

21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany....

21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Plant Tissues BIOL1100 General Botany Plant Dicot Monocot Dicotyledonous Monocotyledonous 2 cotyledons 1 cotyledon E.g. trees, woody plants, E.g. grasses shrubs This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 1  21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Tissue Group of cells having the same structure and perform the same function. Histology Study of tissue Tissue Group of cells having the same structure and perform the same function. Histology Study of tissue This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 2  21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Simple tissue Complex tissue Composed of only one Composed of two or more types of type of cell cells Tissue Meristematic Permanent Meristems Actively dividing cells/areas of Tissues that attained their mature state the plant perform specific functions Capable of cell division they stop dividing Tissue This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 3  21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Five Groups of Plant Tissues Protective Tissues/Dermal Tissues Meristematic Tissues Ground Tissues Conducting Tissues/Vascular Tissues Specialized Tissues #1,3,4,5 – Permanent Tissues #2 - Meristematic Tissues Epidermis Secretes waxy substance called cuticle Parenchymatous Uniseriate or multiseriate https://www.flickr.com/photos/146824358@N03/35103215772 Protective Tissues This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 4  21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Epidermis Secretes waxy substance called cuticle Parenchymatous Uniseriate or multiseriate Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth Protective Tissues Structures found in the epidermis Stoma Trichomes Bulliform cells Large, bubble-shaped epidermal cells that occur in groups on the upper surface of most monocot leaves Large, empty and colorless https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Ecological-implications-of-bulliform-cells-on-in-Grigore- Toma/1370f9e14bd44ea6921fff30a1474e5839047857 Epidermis This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 5  21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Epidermis Bark Periderm Bark periderm Phellem (cork) Phellogen (cork cambium) Phelloderm (cork parenchyma) Secondary phloem Replaces epidermis at woody dicot plants, and gymnosperm stems and roots through secondary growth Protective Tissues Periderm Bark periderm Phellem (cork) Phellogen (cork cambium) Phelloderm (cork parenchyma) Secondary phloem Co: collenchyma; CP: cortex parenchyma; Cu: cuticle; E epidermis; P: phellem cells; Pg: phellogen; Pd: phelloderm. https://cronodon.com/images/Tilia_bark_labelled.jpg This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 6  21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Apical meristem Apical shoot meristem Apical root meristem Growth in length Primary growth Found in both the shoot tips and root tips Meristematic Tissues Onion Root Tip l.s. This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 7  21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Lateral Meristem Intercallary Meristem Meristematic Tissues Procambium Vascular cambium Fascicular cambium Interfascicular cambium Phellogen Meristematic Tissues This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 8  21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. FASCICULAR REGION VASCULAR CAMBIUM Meristematic Tissues Ground Tissues This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 9  21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. All other cell types in plants develop from parenchyma Parenchyma Parenchyma Storage parenchyma – Leucoplasts Chlorenchyma – Parenchyma containing chloroplast – photosynthetic This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 10  21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Parenchyma Aerenchyma – Contains air spaces the strings in celery stalks are collenchyma Collenchyma This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 11  21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. C C P Coleus blumei Sclereids Sclerenchyma This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 12  21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Cocos nucifera Ground Tissues This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 13  21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. vessel elements ▪ Xylem ◆ move water & minerals up from roots ◆ dead cells at functional maturity vessel ▪ only cell walls remain element ▪ need empty pipes to efficiently move H2O ▪ transpirational pull dead cells tracheids Vascular Tissues ▪ Phloem: carry sugars & nutrients throughout plant plasmodesmata Vascular Tissues This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 14  21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Dicot Vascular tissue in stems Monocot Vascular tissue in stems Old Dicot This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 15  21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Zea mays monocot young stem Zea mays monocot old stem Vascular tissue in roots: dicot phloem xylem This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 16  21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Vascular tissue in roots: monocot Secondary Development Vascular Xylem and Phloem of Root Cambium Cork Cambium Tissues Pericycle Periderm Procambium Primary xylem Lateral Ground and phloem Roots Meristem Cortex and Root Pith Protoderm Epidermis Apical Meristem This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 17  21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Development of Shoot Tissues Primary Primary Lateral Secondary Meristem Meristem Tissue Meristem Tissues Epidermis Bark Protoderm Periderm Ground tissue Cork cambium (in dicots=cortex Phellem & and pith) (Phellogen) Apical Ground Phelloderm Meristem Meristem Primary Xylem Secondary Phloem Procambium Primary Vascular Secondary Phloem Cambium Xylem Specialized Tissues Stomata – pores for gas exchange (CO2 and O2) – present on one or both surfaces of Ieaves This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 18  21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Stomata https://www.istockphoto.com/photos/guard-cells Stomata in Monocot This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 19  21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Rhoeo spathacea Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Ixora chinensis This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 20  21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Specialized Tissues Root Hairs – Serve to increase the surface area of plant roots for absorption of water and minerals – Main interface between the interaction of mycorrhizal fungi or nitrogen-fixing bacteria This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 21  21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Specialized Tissues Secretory Tissues – Tissues that are concerned with the secretion of gums, resins, volatile oils, nectar, latex, and other substances in plants – Involves the laticifers (latex), nectaries (nectar), resin ducts (gums/resin) and glandular trichomes (oils, digestive chemicals and various secondary metabolites) This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 22  21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Specialized Tissues Trichomes – Outgrowths of epidermal ceIIs – Highly cutinized – Protection for rapid water loss – Barrier against UV radiation – Reduce frost formation – Promote pollination – Defense against pathogen attacks – Deter herbivores This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 23  21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Trichomes Branching Trichomes Stellate Solanum melongena This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 24  21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Trichomes Scale Trichomes Bristle Chrysophyllum cainito This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 25  21/09/2024 This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Trichomes Stinging Trichomes Glandular https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S036 7253021000414 This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC) 26